scholarly journals Toxoplasma antibody and stool parasites in public school children, Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilson Giraldi ◽  
Odilon Vidotto ◽  
Italmar Teodorico Navarro ◽  
João Luis Garcia ◽  
Liza Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Public School ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Amsler Grid

The occurrence of toxoplasmosis and enteroparasitosis was studied in 434 children from elementary schools in the rural and urban areas of Rolândia, Paraná State, Brazil. Sera and fecal samples from all the students were submitted to IFA for Toxoplasma gondii and coproparasitological tests, respectively. The children were tested by Amsler grid and 72 of them were examined for the presence of lesions compatible with ocular toxoplasmosis. Some variables were tested but none showed increased risk for toxoplasmosis. The distribution according to sex and age and also same other variables are presented and discussed. Correlations between Amsler's grid test, toxoplama RIFI, occurrence of eyes lesions and enteroparasitosis are also considered.

scholarly journals Schools at the Rural-Urban Boundary: Blurring the Divide?

2017 ◽  
Vol 672 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Burdick-Will ◽  
John R. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Public Elementary Schools ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Commuting Patterns

Schools often mirror the communities in which they are located. Research on rural-urban school inequality tends to focus on the contrast among urban, suburban, and rural schools, glossing over the variation and similarities within these areas. We provide a richer description of the spatial distribution of educational inequality by examining school composition, achievement, and resources in all U.S. public elementary schools in 2010–2011. We take the traditional census categories derived from residential and commuting patterns, and apply them to schools across the country in analyses that reveal gradual transitions and blurry boundaries among the traditional zones. The results show high levels of variation within the suburbs and substantial commonality between rural and urban areas and suggest that census-defined metropolitan areas are not ideal when considering the geography of educational opportunity.

scholarly journals An interventional study regarding knowledge and awareness of TB and HIV among high school children in rural and urban areas of Dehradun

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Harsimranjit K. Natt ◽  
Ashwani Sharma ◽  
Megha Luthra ◽  
Puneet Ohri ◽  
Kamal S. Negi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The World Health Organization Global TB report reported that TB ranks alongside HIV as a leading cause of death worldwide. Evidence based studies revealed that knowledge and awareness has a substantial impact on the prevention of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. This study was conducted to compare the awareness and knowledge of high school children regarding HIV and TB in the rural and urban areas and to assess the impact of educational intervention on the same.Methods: One school each from rural and urban field practice area was selected by purposive sampling technique. A total of 205 high school students were included in the study by total enumeration method. An interventional study was conducted regarding awareness and knowledge about TB and HIV/AIDS by means of health talk and help of audio visual aids. The data was collected in a predesigned self administered questionnaire by pretest and post test method.Results: The total of 205 students participated in the study. Majority of the respondent have correct knowledge regarding the causative agent of TB (38.5%) with 28.4% in rural and 48.5% in urban area. Moreover majority of the respondent correctly elicited the causative agent of HIV/AIDS (52.6%) with 44.1% in rural and 61.1% in urban area. Overall the intervention had a substantial effect on the awareness and knowledge level of the students regarding HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.Conclusions: Although awareness among the masses is there but right knowledge and practice plays a pivotal role in improving the health status and awareness of the community.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia among Nurses in Hospitals of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
D. K. Meera ◽  
Suma Divakar
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Uniform Sample

The main objective is to study the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among nurses working on shift and ascertain its association with socio economic parameters. The study was a cross sectional comparative study using randomized sampling technique. The sample population consisted of registered nurses working in randomly selected government and private hospitals in rural and urban areas of Thiruvananthapuram city. A Uniform sample size of 250 each were drawn from government and private hospitals of Thiruvananthapuram district to form a population size (N=500). Again a sub sample size of 25 each were drawn from government and private hospitals in rural and urban areas of Thiruvananthapuram (N=100) for the in depth studies. Only female nurses were included in the study who had minimum of five year experience and those who belonged to the age group between 25-45yrs. All the respondents selected for the study were doing their work on shift base from the day of joining their duty, which is the other condition for the study. A pretested schedule was used to elicit information using interview method. The information regarding demographic characteristics, shift details, medication, morbidity details and physical activities were collected. To estimate the level of total cholesterol, blood samples were collected from the subsample of 100 subjects from each group. Chi square tests were carried out for analysing the quantitative and categorized variables. Out of fifty respondents from private hospitals, the prevalence of border line hypercholesterolemia was thirty two percent and the prevalence of high risk hypercholesterolemia was ten percent. Results from respondents of government hospital also gave the same. Total cholesterol assessed in the subject from the two sectors was not significantly associated with age (χ²=8.738; χ²=6.051), experience (χ²=1.002; χ²=1.181) and area of residence (χ²=8.793; χ²= 2.062). The blood sample analysis revealed that a significant number of respondents were considered to be border line risk and high risk of hypercholesterolemia which suggests that irregular shift hours can be associated with increased risk of hypercholesterolemia leads to further fatal condition. However level of total cholesterol was not significantly influenced by factors like age, work experience and area of residence.

scholarly journals A multiethnic association analysis of hyperuricaemia with cardiovascular risk in rural and urban areas in Chinese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Liu ◽  
Juan Lei ◽  
Linyuan Zhang ◽  
Nana Ma ◽  
Zixuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractComprehensive research on rural–urban disparities in the association of hyperuricaemia (HUA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China, especially among minority groups, is limited. We explored the HUA-CVD relationship between rural and urban areas within ethnic Chinese groups. We included Dong, Miao, and Bouyei adults in Southwest China from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between HUA and CVD in both residences. We performed stratified analyses by sex and age. The study population included 16,618 people (37.48% Dong, 30.00% Miao, and 32.52% Bouyei) without a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. We identified 476 (188 Dong, 119 Miao, and 169 Bouyei) and 175 (62 Dong, 77 Miao, and 36 Bouyei) CVD cases in rural and urban areas. Compared to urban residents, an at least 49% increased CVD risk (adjusted OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06–2.08 for the Dong ethnic group; 1.55, 1.07–2.25 for the Bouyei ethnic group) and a 1.65-fold elevated coronary heart disease risk (1.65, 1.03–2.64) related to HUA was present in rural residents. Moreover, HUA was positively associated with increased risk of CVD and coronary heart disease in rural women (2.05, 1.26–3.31; 2.11, 1.19–3.75) and rural older adults (1.83, 1.22–2.75; 2.32, 1.39–3.87) among the Bouyei ethnic group, respectively. We found rural elderly individuals with HUA among the Dong ethnic group had a 52% elevated risk of CVD (1.52, 1.05–2.21); furthermore, an at least 79% increased risk of stroke related to HUA was observed in women (2.24, 1.09–4.62) and elderly people (1.79, 1.02–3.13) in rural areas among the Dong ethnic group. But a positive association was not found among the Miao ethnic group. Screening early-onset HUA patients may be helpful for the control and prevention of CVD in rural residents, especially for women and older adults living in a rural community, among the Dong and Bouyei ethnic groups in China.

scholarly journals Pattern of parasitic infections as public health problem among school children: A comparative study between rural and urban areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Saad R. Alsubaie ◽  
Ahmed A. Azazy ◽  
Eltigani O. Omer ◽  
Latifa A. Al-shibani ◽  
Abdulsalam Q. Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
School Children ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs of urban and rural areas of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3705
Author(s):  
Eveline Da Cruz Boa Sorte ◽  
Arleana Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Felipe Augusto Constantino S. da Cruz ◽  
Naiani Domingos Gasparetto ◽  
Isabela De Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection using serological and molecular analyses in dogs from Cuiabá, a municipality of the Brazilian Cerrado, and the associated factors involved in the transmission cycle. A cross-sectional study was conducted with dogs from the rural and urban areas of Cuiabá (Mato Grosso) from February 2010 to January 2011, and antibodies and the DNA of Toxoplasma gondii were evaluated using indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the study, a total of 269 dogs were evaluated using IFA considering positive titer threshold of ? 16 and buffy coat PCR. Of the 269 dogs surveyed, 48.7% had anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies according to IFA, and 15.6% had the parasite’s DNA. The seroprevalence was 62.4% in the rural districts and 40.4% in the urban areas, and the difference between these areas was significant (p = 0.0007). The most common levels of antibody titers were 51 in 256 (39%) dogs, followed by 1024 in 37 (28.2%) dogs. The infectious agent was associated with breed, age, access to the street and the environment in which the animal lived (p <0.05). The serological and molecular results showed that T. gondii infection is active in the canine population in the rural and urban areas of Cuiabá, with a higher risk in dogs residing in rural areas.

scholarly journals Oral hygiene status and its association with oral hygiene practices among school going children of rural and urban areas in Kamrup district, Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2245
Author(s):  
Sulekha Doley ◽  
Manvi Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Background: Oral hygiene, a state in which the surfaces of all the teeth are plaque free, is highly important in the promotion of oral health and also for good health in general. The aim of the present study was to assess the oral hygiene status among 13-14 years old school children in rural and urban areas in Kamrup Metropolitian (M) district, Assam.Methods: A total 1501 school children in the age group of 13-14 years were included in the study and oral hygiene status was assessed using oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) given by Greene and Vermilion 1964. The children were asked to fill in the basic information in the proforma by themselves. The following statistical tests were used unpaired t test, Chi square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, post-hoc Bonferroni test to compare the oral hygiene status among the different age groups, gender and location.Results: The OHI-S values were found to be more among the males (2.72±1.50) as compared to the females (2.31±1.48) and the difference was highly significant (0.0001). The rural population and urban population constituted 50% of the total study sample each. Mean values of OHI-S index were more among rural children as compared to children residing in urban areas. The mean values showed that the p value was highly significant.Conclusions: Oral hygiene status was found to be poorer among rural school children compared to urban school children. Oral hygiene worsened as age advanced and found to be poorer in males than females. 

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