scholarly journals Physiological stress responses in the warm-water fish matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus ) subjected to a sudden cold shock

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio Kioshi Aoki Inoue ◽  
Gilberto Moraes ◽  
George K. Iwama ◽  
Luis Orlando Bertola Afonso
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Water Fish

The present work evaluated several aspects of the generalized stress response [endocrine (cortisol), metabolic (glucose), hematologic (hematocrit and hemoglobin) and cellular (HSP70)] in the Amazonian warm-water fish matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus ) subjected to an acute cold shock. This species farming has been done in South America, and growth and feed conversion rates have been interesting. However, in subtropical areas of Brazil, where the water temperature can rapidly change, high rates of matrinxã mortality have been associated with abrupt decrease in the water temperature. Thus, we subjected matrinxã to a sudden cold shock by transferring the fish directly to tanks in which the water temperature was 10ºC below the initial conditions (cold shock from 28ºC to 18ºC). After 1h the fish were returned to the original tanks (28ºC). The handling associated with tank transfer was also imposed on control groups (not exposed to cold shock). While exposure to cold shock did not alter the measured physiological conditions within 1h, fish returned to the ambient condition (water at 28º C) significantly increased plasma cortisol and glucose levels. Exposure to cold shock and return to the warm water did not affect HSP70 levels. The increased plasma cortisol and glucose levels after returning the fish to warm water suggest that matrinxã requires cortisol and glucose for adaptation to increased temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of β-Glucan on cold-stress resistance of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Soltanian ◽  
MN Adloo ◽  
M. Hafeziyeh ◽  
N. Ghadimi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Striped Catfish ◽  
And Control

These experiments were performed to determine the effects of dietary β-glucan on stress responses of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Fish were fed for nine weeks with a diet containing 0 (control), 0.5% (G1), 1% (G2) and 2% (G3 group) β-glucan. Subsequently, stress responses were studied by evaluating serum cortisol and glucose levels following a constant 24 h cold shock (from 28 °C to 15 °C). Serum cortisol and glucose concentrations were measured after cold treatments of varying durations (prior to, and after one, 12 and 24 h of cold shock stress, respectively). No differences in serum cortisol and glucose levels were found between control and β-glucan-treated fish. However, the mortality rate was significantly lowered in cold challenged fish fed appropriate doses of β-glucan (in G1 and G2 vs. G3 and control group). The results of the present study demonstrate that a proper administrationβ--glucan in the diet could ameliorate the detrimental effects of a severe stress resulting in a reduction in fish mortality.  

Effect of water temperature during cold exposure on thermogenic drinking in rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
B. J. Kaplan ◽  
J. G. Brown ◽  
E. L. Nelson ◽  
P. E. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Drinking Response

Availability of water at temperatures higher than ambient (15, 25, 35 degrees C) failed both to affect the ratio of water to food intake during exposure to cold air (5 degrees C) and to influence the thermogenic (postcold exposure) drinking response of rats which characteristically occurs immediately after removal from cold air. Thus, availability of warm water during exposure to cold appeared to have no influence on cold-induced dehydration in rats. A specially constructed drinking apparatus was used in this study. It was designed to maintain water at temperatures greater than ambient during exposure to cold. Details for construction of the apparatus are provided.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MODERN STATE OF REPRODUCTION FOR CHERRY SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS MASOU AT THE FISH FARMS OF SAKHALIN REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
M. S. Myakishev ◽  
M. A. Ivanova ◽  
V. A. Kiselev ◽  
O. V. Zelennikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
June July

Growing of cherry salmon juveniles under two different temperature regimes at the salmon farms Anivsky and Okhotsky in the fish-rearing cycle of 2016–2017 is analyzed. Data on cherry salmon growing for other fish farms of Sakhalin region collected in 1995–2017 are considered, as well. The periods of fish feeding and dynamics of their growth varied significantly in dependence on temperature conditions. The feeding started in April-May at the cold-water fish farms (Anivsky, Lesnoy, Sokolovsky, Urozhainiy) where the water temperature lowered in winter to 0.2–0.3 о С, but in February at Reidovo fish farm where the water temperature were not lower than 2 о С and in January at the most warm-water Okhotsky fish farm with the temperature never lower than 6.5 о С. In accordance with growing conditions, the growth rate of juveniles was high in winter month at the warm-water fish farms, where the ground water was used for rearing, but increased since May-June at the cold-water fish farms using natural heating of the river water. However, several cases were noted when the fish that accumulated less than 500–700 degree-days released from cold-water fish farms in June-July were larger than those from warm-water fish farms. Thus, cherry salmon is the only species among pacific salmons whose juveniles can be successfully grown at any temperature regime and consequently at any fish farm. This ability is reasoned by earlier spawning (along with pink salmon) and long period of development in rivers. At cold-water fish farms, the best results for cherry salmon growing could be achieved with the eggs planting in late August-September, whereas the time of eggs planting is not significant for warm-water fish farms.

scholarly journals Metabolic Changes and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Midori Sakashita ◽  
Tetsuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Reiko Inagi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease, and it is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of DKD. The control of blood glucose levels by various glucose-lowering drugs, the common use of inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system, and the aging of patients with diabetes can alter the disease course of DKD. Moreover, metabolic changes and associated atherosclerosis play a major role in the etiology of DKD. The pathophysiology of DKD is largely attributed to the disruption of various cellular stress responses due to metabolic changes, especially an increase in oxidative stress. Therefore, many antioxidants have been studied as therapeutic agents. Recently, it has been found that NRF2, a master regulator of oxidative stress, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of DKD and bardoxolone methyl, an activator of NRF2, has attracted attention as a drug that increases the estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with DKD. This review outlines the altered stress responses of cellular organelles in DKD, their involvement in the pathogenesis of DKD, and discusses strategies for developing therapeutic agents, especially bardoxolone methyl.

Heart rate responses and plasma cortisol concentrations in ewes: comparison between cervical and laparoscopic intrauterine insemination and their associated handling procedures

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khalid ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
D. G. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

AbstractThis study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, stress responses of sheep which were restrained either in a laparoscopy cradle or a roll-over cradle were compared. The results of this experiment indicated that restraint in roll-over cradle is less (P < 0·05) stressful than that in a laparoscopy cradle when assessed in terms of the elevation and duration of both the mean heart rate and plasma cortisol responses. Experiment 2 compared the stress responses of sheep subjected to restraint in a laparoscopy cradle, restraint in a laparoscopy cradle with intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) by laparoscopy, minimal restraint with cervical AI or restraint in a roll-over cradle plus foot-trimming. All treatments resulted in significant elevations in both heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations (F < 0·001). The peak heart rate was significantly (P < 0·05) higher in ewes subjected to cervical AI than in those subjected to intrauterine insemination, with other treatments intermediate. The peak cortisol response did not differ among different treatments. The duration over which both the mean heart rate and -plasma cortisol concentrations remained significantly elevated above pre-treatment concentrations did not differ among treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that while restraint using a laparoscopy cradle is more stressful than that using a rollover cradle, the stress inflicted by intrauterine insemination by laparoscopy itself is no greater than that due to restraint using the laparoscopy cradle alone, cervical AI or the management practice offoot-trimming using a rollover cradle.

scholarly journals Effects of clove oil on the stress response of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) subjected to transport

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Antônio Kioshi Aoki Inoue ◽  
Luís Orlando B. Afonso ◽  
George K. Iwama ◽  
Gilberto Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Fish transport is one of the most stressful procedures in aquaculture facilities. The present work evaluated the stress response of matrinxã to transportation procedures, and the use of clove oil as an alternative to reduce the stress response to transport in matrinxã (Brycon cephalus). Clove oil solutions were tested in concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L during matrinxã transportation in plastic bags, supplied with water and oxygen as the usual field procedures in Brazil. Clove oil reduced some of the physiological stress responses (plasma cortisol, glucose and ions) that we measured. The high energetic cost to matrinxã cope with the transport stress was clear by the decrease of liver glycogen after transport. Our results suggest that clove oil (5 mg/l) can mitigate the stress response in matrinxã subjected to transport.

scholarly journals Sustained swimming mitigates stress in juvenile Brycon amazonicus reared in high stocking densities

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas ◽  
Gilberto Moraes ◽  
Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽  
Fernando Fabrizzi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Static Water

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of stocking density associated with the swimming exercise on the stress responses of Brycon amazonicus. During 70 days, fish were subjected to three stocking densities: LD, low density of 88 fish per cubic meter; ID, intermediary density of 176 fish per cubic meter; and HD, high density of 353 fish per cubic meter. These densities were combined with static water (non-exercised group) or moderate-speed water (exercised group). Chronic stress was observed in HD, and plasma cortisol and glucose increased with the stocking densities. In HD, levels of plasma cortisol were significantly lower in exercised fish (135 ng mL-1) than in non-exercised ones (153 ng mL-1). The greatest hepatic glycogen bulks occurred in fish kept in ID and sustained swimming. Hepatic free amino acids (FAA) increased with the stocking density, particularly in non-exercised fish. The contents of FAA in the liver and of free fatty acids (FFA) in the liver and muscle were mobilized to meet the metabolic demands imposed by exercise and stocking density. The hematological parameters remained stable. The results show that Brycon amazonicus is more resistant to stress when subjected to sustained swimming and high stocking density than to static water.

scholarly journals The effects of environmental temperature on the properties of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase from various species of fish

1973 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Johnston ◽  
Neil Frearson ◽  
Geoffrey Goldspink
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Myotomal Muscle

1. Myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities were measured for white myotomal muscle of 19 species of fish. 2. The activity was measured at different temperatures and after periods of preincubation at 37°C. 3. The inactivation half-life at 37°C depended on environmental temperature, increasing as the temperature increased. 4. Cold-water fish had higher myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase activity at low temperatures than had warm-water fish. 5. The significance of these results is discussed.

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