scholarly journals Potato crop growth as affected by nitrogen and plant density

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 940-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS ALBERTO DA SILVA OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Indirect Measure

Growth and development variables and dry matter characteristics were studied for cultivar Snowden of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to evaluate nitrogen and plant density influence. Disregarding ending of season plant stress, the average number of actives haulms per plant was five and it was not affected by plant spacing. However, seasonal and final number of active haulms per plant were increased at 200 kg/ha of nitrogen. Maximum stem elongation was reached quickly with double density and had the tendency to keep constant at the highest and lowest nitrogen levels after 70 days after planting. Specific stem mass defined as mass per unit stem length was established as an indirect measure of stem thickness and load capacity. Specific leaf mass position in plant was higher at upper stem leaves, increased as plant density increased and did not vary markedly over time throughout the season. The rate of leaf appearance increased drastically due to more branching caused by high nitrogen level, and increased above ground dry matter per plant. Canopy growth and development influenced main tuber yield components. The number of active tubers per haulm decreased after 60 days after planting showing that tuberization is reversible. Tuber growth functions were established allowing the estimate of dry biomass partitioning coefficients for each plant organ.

scholarly journals 254 Stem Extension and Subsequent Flowering of Plugs Grown Under A Far-red-deficient Film

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 435A-435
Author(s):  
Erik S. Runkle ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Neutral Density Filter ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
Long Day ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Density Filter ◽  
Subsequent Flowering

Environments with a low red (R, 600 to 700 nm) to far-red (FR, 700 to 800 nm) ratio (e.g., with high plant density) promote stem elongation, and a high R: FR suppresses it. While FR light promotes stem extension, it is also required for rapid, uniform flowering of many long-day plants. We investigated how a new FR filter [creating a FR-deficient (FRd) environment] influenced plug growth and subsequent flowering of pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana `Crystal Bowl Yellow'), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida `Carpet Pink'), impatiens (Impatiens wallerana `Accent Rose'), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus `Liberty Scarlet'), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicon `Beefmaster'). One-week-old seedlings were placed under three filter treatments with 16-h photoperiods: the FRd filter, a neutral-density filter (N) that transmitted a similar PPF, and transferring plugs from the N to the FRd filter when leaves of each species began to touch (7 to 11 days later). The predicted phytochrome photoequilibria under the FRd and N filters was 0.80 and 0.72, respectively. After 25 to 35 days at 20 °C, node number and stem (or petiole for pansy) length were collected. Twenty plants of each species and filter treatment were then transferred to 4-inch pots and grown under natural photoperiods (14 to 15 h) at 20 °C until flowering. Compared to plants continually under the N filter, stem length under the FRd filter was significantly reduced in impatiens (by 11%), pansy (by 18%), petunia (by 34%), snapdragon (by 5%), and tomato (by 24%). Flowering of plants from plugs under the FRd filter was delayed by 2 to 3 days for snapdragon, petunia, and pansy. Filter treatment of plugs had no significant effect on flower number or plant height at flower.

scholarly journals Chloride Changes Soil–Plant Water Relations in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Mirjam T. Koch ◽  
Elke Pawelzik ◽  
Timo Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Plant Water Relations ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

There is evidence that chloride (Cl―) can lead to both an improved hydration and water use efficiency in plants due to its osmotic properties. The potato crop is widely assumed to be sensitive to Cl―. This is based on studies which found tuber yield or tuber starch reductions following a Cl― fertilization. However, there are also contradictory reports which could not find any detrimental effect of Cl― fertilization on potato plant development. As potato is inefficient in the use of water, we aimed to test if it is possible to improve the hydration status of potato without reducing tuber yield and dry matter by means of Cl― fertilization. We conducted a pot experiment with four different Cl― doses and investigated soil–plant water relations, biomass, tuber yield and dry matter development. Our findings deliver an indication that the potato crop is much less sensitive to Cl― than previously assumed and, more importantly, that a Cl― supply can indeed improve the potato shoot water status. This happened without impairing tuber yield and dry matter. Since potato is very sensitive to drought stress, we assume that Cl― fertilization is a promising measure to improve the drought resilience of potato.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI DUA VARIETAS KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) PADA DUA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT

EUGENIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Mailangkay ◽  
Jeanne M. Paulus ◽  
Johannes E.X. Rogi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Altitude Effect ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Potato Growth

ABSTRACT   This study aimed to examine the growth and production of potato crop varieties and varieties Granola Supejhon on two altitude, which is 750 m above sea level and 1200 m above sea level, studies using randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the Granola variety and Supejhon. The second factor is the altitude, which is 750 m above sea level and 1200 m asl. The results of this study indicate that the rate Crop Growth Rate (LTT) and the Tuber Growth Rate (LTU) of Supejhon Granola varieties have a much higher altitude 1200 m asl (Modoinding) compared with altitude 750 m asl (Langowan). The altitude effect on the number of tubers / plant and production / plot, otherwise varieties had no effect on the number of tubers / plant, weight of tubers / plot and production / plot, and there is no interaction between variety and altitude. At altitude 750 m asl, both varieties yield an average production of tubers / plot of 1343.20 g (1.34 kg), whereas the altitude of 1200 m asl generate 7462.18 g (7.46 kg). Based on the average, the weight of tubers / plant and production / plots at very low reached by the two varieties of Granola and Supejhon well, so that the two varieties are not recommended to be cultivated at altitude 750 m above sea level. Further research is needed to examine other potato varieties that can be cultivated in areas with altitude of 750 m asl. Keywords: Potato, growth, production, level altitudes ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kentang varietas Granola dan varietas Supejhon pada dua ketinggian tempat, yaitu 750 m dpl dan 1200 m dpl, penelitian  menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua faktor.  Faktor pertama adalah varietas  Granola dan Supejhon.  Faktor kedua adalah ketinggian tempat, yaitu 750 m dpl dan 1200 m dpl. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Laju Tumbuh Tanaman (LTT) rata-rata dan Laju Tumbuh Umbi (LTU) rata-rata varietas Granola dan Supejhon memiliki nilai yang jauh lebih tinggi pada ketinggian tempat 1200 m dpl (Modoinding) dibandingkan dengan ketinggian tempat 750 m dpl (Langowan).  Ketinggian tempat berpengaruh terhadap jumlah umbi/tanaman dan produksi/petak, sebaliknya varietas tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah umbi/tanaman, bobot umbi/petak dan produksi/petak, serta tidak terdapat interaksi antara varietas dan ketinggian tempat. Pada ketinggian tempat 750 m dpl, kedua varietas menghasilkan rata-rata produksi umbi/petak sebesar 1343,20 g (1,34 kg), sedangkan pada ketinggian tempat 1200 m dpl menghasilkan 7462,18 g (7,46 kg).  Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata, bobot umbi/tanaman dan produksi/petak yang sangat rendah dicapai oleh kedua varietas baik Granola maupun Supejhon, sehingga kedua varietas tersebut tidak dianjurkan untuk dibudidayakan pada ketinggian 750 m dpl.  Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menguji varietas kentang lainya yang dapat dibudidayakan pada daerah dengan ketinggian tempat 750 m dpl. Kata kunci: Kentang, pertumbuhan, produksi, ketinggian tempat

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature and Precipitation Conditions on the Growth and Development Dynamics of Five Cultivars of Processing Tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Jędrszczyk ◽  
Barbara Skowera ◽  
Maria Gawęda ◽  
Andrzej Libik
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Abstract Cultivation of field tomato in Poland meets unfavorable temperature and precipitation conditions, which affect yield and quality. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of temperature and precipitation conditions on the growth and development dynamics of five cultivars of processing tomato. The analysis took into account the key morphological characteristics of the plant, the inflorescence and fruit, which determine the suitability of the cultivar for processing. Analysis of the effect of meteorological elements on the stem development showed that stem length was most strongly influenced by precipitation – both total precipitation and frequency, rather than by temperature; the greater the rainfall, the more intensive stem elongation. High levels of precipitation limited gains in stem thickness. The number of flowers and fruits formed per inflorescence was negatively correlated with temperature. Excessive precipitation during the entire growing period led to formation of smaller fruits. The length and width of the fruit were negatively correlated with the frequency of precipitation in all stages, and with total precipitation during the period from planting to setting of the first fruits. A beneficial effect of temperature on the length and width of the fruit was noted during the entire growing period. The tomato fruit formed a thicker pericarp when precipitation was more frequent.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT IN RESPONSE TO SEED VIGOR AND SOWING DENSITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-899
Author(s):  
JULIA ABATI ◽  
CRISTIAN RAFAEL BRZEZINSKI ◽  
CLAUDEMIR ZUCARELI ◽  
JOSÉ SALVADOR SIMONETI FOLONI ◽  
FERNANDO AUGUSTO HENNING
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Viable Seeds

ABSTRACT In wheat crops, it is often observed that the number of plants per area is lower than that of viable seeds used, which may be related to both environmental conditions and seed vigor. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of seed vigor level at different sowing densities on growth, development, and grain yield in wheat cultivars. The experiments were conducted in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, under a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. Two seed vigor levels (high and low), two sowing densities (200 and 400 viable seeds per m2), and three wheat cultivars (BRS Sabiá, BRS Gaivota, and BRS Gralha Azul) were assessed. In order to assess growth and development, plant samples were collected at the phenological stages of seedling growth, stem elongation, booting, and ear emergence. We assessed the emergence of seedlings, height and dry matter of plant shoot, and grain yield. The sowing density of 200 seeds per m2 led to a higher shoot dry matter production per plant at the stages booting and ear emergence. The cultivar BRS Sabiá presented the highest grain yield in Londrina, while BRS Sabiá and BRS Gralha Azul presented the highest grain yield in Ponta Grossa. High vigor seeds favor stand establishment, growth and development of plants at early phenological stages, and grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Stevia productivity depending on the application of Avatar-2 microfertilizer

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Y Stefaniuk ◽  
V. M. Balan ◽  
A. V. Fursa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Element Formulation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Intensive Growth

Purpose. It is theoretically possible to substantiate and practically determine the degree of growth and development of stevia plants and their productivity depending on the use of the Avatar-2 microfertilizer. Methods. Laboratory, field, analytical, statistical. Results. During the years of research, the highest productivity of stevia agrophytocenoses was obtained in the variant with soaking (pre-sowing) of seeds in microfertilizer Avatar-2 + twice foliar fertilization. Plant density before harvest was by 10.5 thousand/ha, yield of green mass by 3.3 t/ha and including leaves by 2.5 t/ha, dry matter yield by 0.7% (including leaves by 0.3%) higher than in the control. Conclusions. The main effect of soaking seeds in the trace element formulation Avatar-2 (registered in Ukraine in 2006) in the technology of growing stevia is to increase the efficiency and uniformity of seed germination in both laboratory and field conditions, which promotes more intensive growth and development of plants during the vegetation, and when applied in the end of vegetation, to better preserve them and increase the yield of green and dry matter.

EFFECTS OF CULTURE DENSITY ON GROWTH AND IN VITRO TUBERIZATION CAPACITY OF POTATO PLANTLETS

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
K. Tábori ◽  
A. Ferenczy ◽  
J. Dobránszki
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
In Vitro Tuberization ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Potato Plantlets

In vitro plantlets of four varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown at different plant densities to study their effects on growth and microtuber yield. The responses of the cultivars to plant density, as expressed by changes in development characteristics, especially stem length and leaf area, were different. The time of tuber initiation was earlier at higher plantlet densities for all cultivars. The microtuber number per plantlet was not affected by the plantlet density. The highest number of well-sized (≯4 mm) microtubers per jar could be harvested from the higher plantlet densities (30–40 plantlets per jar). In addition to good yield, the microtubers were uniform in these treatments, so they appear to be economical.

scholarly journals EXPLORING DIFFERENT FERTILIZER COMBINATIONS FOR POTATO GROWTH AND YIELD IN RAWALPINDI REGION OF PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Kouser M. Malik ◽  
Shahid Y. Naz ◽  
Shahzada M. Mehdi ◽  
Asia Munir ◽  
Ahmad Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important tuber crops produced in Pakistan. Due to its nutritive importance, it ranks as fourth after rice, wheat and maize in the world. However, production of the crop is far below the average due to poor crop stand, soil fertility and water management practices. There is a strong need for improvement in the fair yield of potato through managed production techniques and best soil nutrient combinations. To find out the best combination of fertilizer level of NPK on growth, yield and quality of the potato crop, nine field experiments on potato crop were conducted at Rawalpindi division, Punjab Pakistan for three successive Rabi seasons during 2014-2017. Treatments consisted of four levels of N (244, 300, 356 and 412 Kg N ha-1), P (163, 200, 237 and 275 kg P ha-1) and K (136, 167, 198 and 229 Kg K ha-1) laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that there was no significant difference of location in terms of yield (T ha-1). However, mean data showed that the fertilizer combinations significantly (<0.05) affected yield and yield components of the potato crop. Among the treatments, NPK level (412, 275 and 229 Kg ha-1) gave maximum (100 tuber m-2), potato yield (3.2 Kg m-2), dry matter (1.3 Kg m-2), while the least number of tuber m-2 (63), potato yield m-2 (2.02 Kg), dry matter yield m-2 (0.9 Kg) were recorded where combination NPK (244, 163and 136 Kg ha-1) were applied. From the results, it can be concluded that farming community can obtain the maximum potato yield by adopting NPK (412, 275, 229) levels of fertilizers

Effects of single and repeated applications of chlormequat on early crop development, lodging resistance and yield of winter oats

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Leitch ◽  
J. D. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Repeated Applications

SUMMARYThe effects of single and repeated early applications of chlormequat (at up to and including Zadoks growth stage (GS) 32) on the growth and development of the winter oat cultivar Bulwark were investigated in two seasons of field experiments at Tenby, UK. Early dry matter production, shoot initiation and subsequent shoot survival were unaffected by all treatments. At maturity, reductions in stem length and lodging were best achieved by chlormequat applied at GS 32; this treatment shortened stems by an average of 24% in 1985/86 and 31% in 1986/87. Earlier applications were significantly less effective.Grain yields were unaffected by single and repeated early applications of chlormequat. However, in both seasons, yields were significantly reduced by repeated treatments with chlormequat, including application at GS 32. Individual grain weight was the yield component principally affected.

GROUNDNUT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTS. 1. GROWTH AND PLANT DENSITY RESPONSES

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. BELL ◽  
G. C. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
North East ◽  
Tropical Environments

Data from studies of growth and development, and response to plant density in common groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars were examined from published studies. Data were available from the humid tropics of Indonesia, the semi-arid tropics of north-west Australia and the humid coastal and inland elevated areas of north-east Australia. Temperature and irradiance played a major role in determining crop duration, individual plant size and partitioning of dry matter to pods across environments, and these plant characteristics provided the major determinants of pod yield and response to plant density. Crop duration was shortest in humid tropical and subtropical environments, with both high and low temperatures apparently delaying crop maturity. A relatively small individual plant size in humid tropical environments was due to a combination of low incident irradiance and short duration, with very high plant densities needed to maximize dry matter production. The progressive decline in harvest indices in more tropical environments was due to a decline in pod numbers per plant. Although increased plant density resulted in greater numbers of pod initials in the humid tropics, a high proportion of these pods did not contain developed seeds and pod yield at high densities remained relatively low at ≤2.5 t ha−1.

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