scholarly journals Stevia productivity depending on the application of Avatar-2 microfertilizer

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Y Stefaniuk ◽  
V. M. Balan ◽  
A. V. Fursa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Element Formulation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Intensive Growth

Purpose. It is theoretically possible to substantiate and practically determine the degree of growth and development of stevia plants and their productivity depending on the use of the Avatar-2 microfertilizer. Methods. Laboratory, field, analytical, statistical. Results. During the years of research, the highest productivity of stevia agrophytocenoses was obtained in the variant with soaking (pre-sowing) of seeds in microfertilizer Avatar-2 + twice foliar fertilization. Plant density before harvest was by 10.5 thousand/ha, yield of green mass by 3.3 t/ha and including leaves by 2.5 t/ha, dry matter yield by 0.7% (including leaves by 0.3%) higher than in the control. Conclusions. The main effect of soaking seeds in the trace element formulation Avatar-2 (registered in Ukraine in 2006) in the technology of growing stevia is to increase the efficiency and uniformity of seed germination in both laboratory and field conditions, which promotes more intensive growth and development of plants during the vegetation, and when applied in the end of vegetation, to better preserve them and increase the yield of green and dry matter.

Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.)

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshewang Namgay ◽  
Balwant Singh ◽  
Bhupinder Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil Carbon Pool ◽  
Maize Plants

Biochar has gained importance due to its ability to increase the long-term soil carbon pool and improve crop productivity. However, little research has been done to evaluate the influence of biochar application to soil on the bioavailability of trace elements to plants. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of biochar on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.). An activated wood biochar, pyrolysed at 550°C, was applied at 3 rates (0, 5, and 15 g/kg) in factorial combinations with 3 rates (0, 10, and 50 mg/kg) each of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn separately to a sandy soil. After 10 weeks of growth, plants were harvested, shoot dry matter yield was measured, and concentration of trace elements in shoots was analysed. The soil in pots was analysed for extractable trace elements. The results showed that the addition of wood biochar to soil did not have any significant effect on the dry matter yield of maize plants, even at the highest rate of application. However, trace element application significantly reduced the dry matter yield from 10 to 93% depending on the type of trace element. Biochar application decreased the concentration of As, Cd, and Cu in maize shoots, especially at the highest rate of trace element application, whereas the effects were inconsistent on Pb and Zn concentrations in the shoots. The concentrations of extractable As and Zn in soil increased with biochar application, whereas extractable Cu did not change, Pb decreased, and Cd showed an inconsistent trend. Sorption of trace elements on biochar with initial loadings up to 200 µmol at pH 7 occurred in the order: Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn > As. The results show that biochar application can significantly reduce the availability of trace elements to plants and suggest that biochar application may have potential for the management of soils contaminated by trace elements.

scholarly journals VARIETY RESOURCES OF ALFALFA IN THE INTENSIFICATION OF FIELD FEED PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Nadiia Hetman
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
The Right

In the soil and climatic conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe, regardless of the action of abiotic and biotic factors during the growing season, high adaptability of alfalfa was established for different geographical origins, namely the natural zone of the Forest-Steppe, Polissya, Steppe Ukraine and Serbia. It was found that under the weather conditions of 2016 year alfalfa varieties reacted differently to changes in temperature and moisture during the growing season. It is important to note the effectiveness of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers applied directly to alfalfa coverless method of sowing. In the year of sowing, alfalfa formed a powerful herbage and provided two slopes with a yield of green mass at the level of 20,13-29,80 t/ha with a dry matter yield of 4,80-6,69 t/ha. For the second year of vegetation, alfalfa was carried out according to the regimes, which considered the phases of growth and development (budding, beginning of flowering and flowering). In the first mode of cutting management (all slopes in the budding phase) it is advisable to identify three varieties of Unitro, Nasoloda and Rosana, which provided a gross dry matter of 10,41-10,48 and 2,29-2,31 t/ha of crude protein. The productivity of alfalfa increased with late term cutting - at the beginning of flowering and a combination of slopes (3rd mode). The dry matter yield was 11,40-12,62 and 2,35-2,51 t/ha of crude protein (second regime) and the indicators increased under the third regime, especially dry matter 13,58-15,80 t/ha and decreased to 2,37-2,41 t/ha of crude protein. The increase in dry matter of the second mode increased by 9,5-23,1% and crude protein by 2,6-20,5%, and in the third mode of use of alfalfa it was 2,3-11,2%, compared to the mode of mowing the grass in the budding phase. During the third year of vegetation under favorable agroecological conditions for growth and development of alfalfa plants, the studied varieties provided four slopes regardless of the mode of use of grass with a dry matter yield of 15,43-20,58 and 3,21-4,02 t/ha of crude protein. During the second and third years of vegetation from the studied modes of use of alfalfa grass for fodder purposes, the highest yield of crude protein 5,27-6,53 t/ha varieties provided for the alienation of crops at the beginning of the flowering phase, which was on average 6,0-7,1% higher than when mowing all slopes in the budding phase and a combination of slopes in the phases of growth and development (3rd mode). Thus, in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the right bank on gray forest soils alfalfa, regardless of geographical origin, adapted to growing conditions and provided stable productivity indicators regardless of the regime of grass use with observance of elements of cultivation technology.

scholarly journals White lupine yield under different sowing densities and row spacings

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio L. Santi ◽  
Geomar M. Corassa ◽  
Ronei Gaviraghi ◽  
Thomas N. Martin ◽  
Mateus B. Bisognin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate different sowing densities and row spacings on grain yield and biomass in the white lupine crop, cv. ‘Comum’. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four row spacings (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm) and four sowing densities in the row (10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-1), with four replicates. The evaluated variables were: grain yield, hundred-grain weight, fresh and dry matter and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant tissue. The highest grain yield was obtained with row spacing of 20 cm, regardless of plant density. The density of 25 plants m-1 and row spacing of 20 cm increased the fresh and dry matter yield. The adjustment of plant density and row spacing did not affect the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant tissue.

scholarly journals PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF VEGETABLE PEAS DEPENDING ON VARIETY FEATURES, LIMITATION OF SOIL AND NUTRITIONAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Sowing Seed

It is known that the growth and development of plants, including vegetable peas, depend on the presence and assimilation of nutrients by plants from the soil and their photosynthesis. With the deterioration of the stages of the process of one of the components changes the passage and functions of the other, which are one whole process of plant nutrition. Conducting the research, on average, during the period of full germination-technical maturity in the control variant with the application of mineral fertilizers N30P60K60, and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with rhizotorphin photosynthetic potential in pea varieties Skinado and Somerwood was 2.039 and 2.254 million m2 / day. While pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo against the background of mineral fertilizers N30P60K60 and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Rhizobophit in pea varieties Skinado and Somerwood compared to the control photosynthetic potential increased by 0.472 and 0.530 million m² di. The maximum indicators of photosynthetic potential in the varieties Skinado - 3,078 and Somerwood - 3,427 million m² days / ha were obtained on the variant of the experiment, where liming was carried out (1.0 norms per hectare) against the background of mineral fertilizers N30P60K60 and pre-sowing seed treatment Rhizobophit and microfertilizer Vuxal Extra CoMo and applied foliar fertilization with microfertilizers Vuxal Microplant during vegetative growth and Vuxal Calcium, Boron during budding. Depending on liming and foliar feeding the increase in dry matter reaches its maximum in the phase of technical maturity This is 1.020 and 1.173 million m² / day more than in the control. In the same variant, the maximum rates of dry matter growth were observed in Skinado varieties - 6.23 and Somerwood - 7.39 t / ha, which is 1.42 and 1.43 t / ha more than in the control.

scholarly journals Influence of macro- and micro-fertilizers on biometry, performance and qualitaty of sunflower hybrids

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
V. M. Totskyi ◽  
А. І. Len
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Intensive Growth

Sunflower is a crop requiring intensive mineral nutrition, therefore, its cultivation demands reserves of nutrients in the soil, which can be replenished by applying mineral fertilizers. Purpose. Our purpose was to study the effects of fertilizers on the growth, development and yield of sunflower hybrids of different ripeness groups (bred at the Institute of Oil Crops) in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Material and methods. The study was conducted at Poltava State Agricultural Research Station named after N.I. Vavilov in 2019–2020 The study object was processes of the growth and development of sunflower plants and formation of sunflower seeds depending on farming techniques. The study subject was sunflower hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok. The following fertilizers were applied: 1) no fertilizers (control); 2) N32Р32К32; 3) N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization of plants with urea (10 kg/ha) in the phase of 5–6 pairs of leaves; 4) N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization of plants with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) in the phase of 2–3 pairs of leaves; 5) N32P32K32 + foliar fertilization of plants with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) in the phase of 5–6 pairs of leaves. Results and discussion. The results show that mineral macro- and microfertilizers contributed to more intensive growth and development of plants. Thus, the tallest plants, the largest leaves and calathidiums, and the highest 1000-seed weight were recorded hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok with basic mineral fertilizers at a dose of N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization with carbamide (10 kg/ha) or with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha). The maximum yields from hybrids Ahronomichnyi, Ahent and Serpanok were achieved with basic mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 + foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Novalon Foliar (1 kg/ha) – 3.35 t/ha, 3.41 t/ha and 3.15 t/ha respectively. The gain to the control (no fertilizers) was 0.33 t/ha, 0.32 t/ha and 0.22 t/ha, respectively. Fertilization also affected the oil content in seeds. Mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 decreased the oil content in the hybrid seeds by 1.1–1.7% compared to the ‘no fertilizers’ experiment. However, fertilization of plants during the growing period with urea or microfertilizer Novalon Foliar in combination with basic mineral fertilizers N32Р32К32 significantly increased the oil content in seeds. With the best yields, the highest output of oil from the hybrids was 1,406 kg/ha, 1,446 kg/ha and 1,356 kg/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Our results mainly confirm the results of other studies. Mineral fertilizers and microfertilizers promote more intensive growth and development of plants and increase the yields of sunflower seeds. However, there are some discrepancies in the oil content in seeds. Some researchers reported that mineral fertilization increased the oil content in seeds compared to the control (no fertilizers). We found that application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N32P32K32 caused a decrease in the oil content in seeds, and only supplementary foliar fertilization with urea or microfertilizers increased this indicator

Small Burnet Response to Spring and Fall Postemergence Herbicide Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Ryan L. Nelson ◽  
Michael D. Peel ◽  
Corey V. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
Fall Application

Small burnet is a hardy, relatively long-lived evergreen forb with the potential to improve grazing lands, particularly to extend grazing into late fall and winter. Small burnet was evaluated for tolerance to spring and fall POST applications of aminopyralid, bromoxynil, clethodim, clopyralid, dicamba, dimethenamid-P, imazamox, metribuzin, pendimethalin, quinclorac, and 2,4-DB. Injury, seed yield, seed viability, and dry matter yield (DMY) were measured in the spring following application. Injury was observed in response to all spring and fall herbicide applications. Injury from aminopyralid was the highest for both spring and fall applications at 24 and 79%, respectively. Fall application of imazamox and dicamba resulted in 57 and 31% injury, respectively. Spring-applied aminopyralid and 2,4-DB both reduced DMY by 16%, whereas fall applications of imazamox, dicamba, and aminopyralid reduced DMY by 36, 12, and 67%, respectively. Fall applications of imazamox and aminopyralid reduced seed yield by 33 and 65%, respectively. Fall-applied aminopyralid reduced seed germination by 43%. None of the spring-applied herbicides affected seed yield or seed germination. Small burnet is severely injured by aminopyralid and to a lesser degree by imazamox and dicamba. Bromoxynil, clethodim, clopyralid, dimethenamid-P, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and quinclorac did not affect small burnet DMY, seed yield, or germination the year after application.

Giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) interference in nonirrigated corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Fausey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Scott M. Swinton ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Inflorescence Length

Studies were conducted at East Lansing, MI, in 1994 and 1995 to examine corn yield response to giant foxtail interference and to examine the effect of giant foxtail density on giant foxtail biomass, seed production, and seed germination. Treatments consisted of 0, 10, 30, 60, 84, and 98 giant foxtail plants m−1of row in 1994 and 0, 10, 27, 30, 60, and 69 plants m−1of row in 1995. The influence of giant foxtail density on corn yield fit a hyperbolic equation. Corn yields were reduced 13% in 1994 and 14% in 1995 from 10 giant foxtail plants m−1of row. Corn dry matter at maturity was decreased 24 and 23% from 10 giant foxtail plants m−1of row in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Giant foxtail seed production increased linearly as inflorescence length increased. The length of a single giant foxtail inflorescence increased as plant density increased and the number of inflorescence produced per plant decreased. Giant foxtail seed production ranged from 518 to 2,544 seeds per plant. Ten giant foxtail plants m−1of row produced 15,700 seeds m−2. Giant foxtail seed germination was not affected by plant density.

scholarly journals Potato crop growth as affected by nitrogen and plant density

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 940-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS ALBERTO DA SILVA OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Indirect Measure

Growth and development variables and dry matter characteristics were studied for cultivar Snowden of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to evaluate nitrogen and plant density influence. Disregarding ending of season plant stress, the average number of actives haulms per plant was five and it was not affected by plant spacing. However, seasonal and final number of active haulms per plant were increased at 200 kg/ha of nitrogen. Maximum stem elongation was reached quickly with double density and had the tendency to keep constant at the highest and lowest nitrogen levels after 70 days after planting. Specific stem mass defined as mass per unit stem length was established as an indirect measure of stem thickness and load capacity. Specific leaf mass position in plant was higher at upper stem leaves, increased as plant density increased and did not vary markedly over time throughout the season. The rate of leaf appearance increased drastically due to more branching caused by high nitrogen level, and increased above ground dry matter per plant. Canopy growth and development influenced main tuber yield components. The number of active tubers per haulm decreased after 60 days after planting showing that tuberization is reversible. Tuber growth functions were established allowing the estimate of dry biomass partitioning coefficients for each plant organ.

Studies on the agronomy, genetics and interrelationships of yield and its morphological components in a diallel set of families of Lolium perenne L.

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
A. J. Wright ◽  
H. H. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

SummaryFive selected clones of Lolium perenne were selfed and diallel crossed without reciprocals to produce 15 families. These families were grown in a replicated field trial for 2 years at four rates of applied nitrogen – 0, 225, 450 and 675 kg N/ha – per annum. The data recorded included dry-matter yield, number of fertile and sterile tillers per plant, mean dry weight per fertile and sterile tiller and total dry weights of fertile and sterile tillers. Conventional analyses of variance and diallel analyses were applied to the data as well as path analyses, used to examine the interrelationships between yield and the tiller characters.The main effect of years was significant only for mean dry weights per tiller and dry-matter yield. Increasing the rate of applied nitrogen increased the number of tillers and yields but decreased mean tiller dry weights. Differences between progenies were due to both general and specific combining ability for most characters. Relatively high narrow-sense heritabilities were obtained for the tiller characters although there were differences between the two years.The progenies achieved their yield through different combinations of tiller characters, some having large numbers of fertile tillers with medium dry weights and others having numerous sterile tillers with high dry weights. Although there was inconsistency in the interrelationships between characters, number of tillers was always more important in determining yield than mean dry weight per tiller.The results are discussed in relation to the predictive value of tiller characters on yields and the implications for breeding programmes.

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