scholarly journals Genetic analysis of aluminum tolerance in Brazilian barleys

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1099-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euclydes Minella ◽  
Mark Earl Sorrells
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Hematoxylin Staining

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major factor limiting barley growth in acid soils, and genotypes with adequate level of tolerance are needed for improving barley adaptation in Brazil. To study the inheritance of Al tolerance in Brazilian barleys, cultivars Antarctica 1, BR 1 and FM 404 were crossed to sensitive Kearney and PFC 8026, and intercrossed. Parental, F1, F2 and F6 generations were grown in nutrient solution containing 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mM of Al and classified for tolerance by the root tip hematoxylin staining assay. Tolerant by sensitive F2 progenies segregated three tolerant to one sensitive, fitting the 3:1 ratio expected for a single gene. The F6 populations segregated one tolerant to one sensitive also fitting a monogenic ratio. The F2 seedlings from crosses among tolerant genotypes scored the same as the parents. Since the population size used would allow detection of recombination as low as 7%, the complete absence of Al sensitive recombinants suggests that tolerance in these cultivars is most probably, controlled by the same gene. Thus, the potential for improving Al tolerance through recombination of these genotypes is very low and different gene sources should be evaluated.

Development of PCR-based codominant markers flanking the Alt3 gene in rye

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahudin ◽  
G J Scoles ◽  
J P Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Codominant Markers

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is considered to be a major problem for crop growth and production on acid soils. The ability of crops to overcome Al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. Rye (Secale cereale L.) is the most Al-tolerant species among the Triticeae. Our previous study showed that Al tolerance in a rye F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was controlled by a single gene designated as the aluminum tolerance (Alt3) gene on chromosome 4RL. Based on the DNA sequence of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) BAC clone suspected to be syntenic to the Alt3 gene region, we developed two PCR-based codominant markers flanking the gene. These two markers, a sequence-tagged site (STS) marker and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, each flanked the Alt3 gene at an approximate distance of 0.4 cM and can be used to facilitate high-resolution mapping of the gene. The markers might also be used for marker-assisted selection in rye or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs to obtain Al-tolerant lines and (or) cultivars.Key words: rye, aluminum tolerance, CAPS, STS, flanking marker, rice BAC, synteny.

scholarly journals Aluminum tolerance in castor bean lines1

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Lucas Barbosa de Freitas ◽  
Dirceu Maximino Fernandes ◽  
Suelen Cristina Mendonça Maia ◽  
Laerte Gustavo Pivetta ◽  
Maurício Dutra Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Adequate Management

ABSTRACT Castor bean plants are susceptible to aluminum (Al) in the soil, requiring adequate management techniques for their cultivation in acid soils containing high Al levels, as it occurs in tropical regions. This study aimed to assess the Al tolerance of castor bean lines. A randomized block design, in a 2 x 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates, was used. The treatments consisted of presence and absence of Al, as well as nine castor bean lines (CRZ H06, CRZ H11, CRZ H12, CRZ H15, CRZ H17, CRZ H18, CRZ H19, CRZ H22 and FCA). Based on a distribution into quartiles, the lines were divided into two groups. The Al-tolerant group contained the CRZ H06, H11 and H17 lines, while the group susceptible to Al was composed of CRZ H12, H15, H18, H19, H22 and FCA. The FCA and CRZ H17 lines showed the highest growth, when cultivated without Al.

The zinc finger transcription factor ATF1 regulates aluminum tolerance in barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6512-6523
Author(s):  
Liyuan Wu ◽  
Yiyi Guo ◽  
Shengguan Cai ◽  
Liuhui Kuang ◽  
Qiufang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Transcription Factor 1 ◽  
Differently Expressed Genes

Abstract Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic stress that restricts crop production in acid soils. Plants have evolved internal and external mechanisms of tolerance, and among them it is well known that AtSTOP1 and OsART1 are key transcription factors involved in tolerance through regulation of multiple downstream genes. Here, we identified the closest homolog of these two proteins in barley, namely HvATF1, Al-tolerance Transcription Factor 1, and determined its potential function in Al stress. HvATF1 is expressed in the nucleus, and functions in transcriptional activation. The transcription of HvATF1 was found to be constitutive in different tissues, and was little affected by Al stress. Knockdown of HvATF1 by RNAi resulted in increased Al sensitivity. Transcriptomics analysis identified 64 differently expressed genes in the RNAi lines compared to the wild-type, and these were considered as candidate downstream genes regulated by HvATF1. This study provides insights into the different molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in barley and other plants.

Recent molecular breeding advances for improving aluminium tolerance in maize and sorghum.

2021 ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
Claudia Teixeira Guimaraes ◽  
Jurandir Vieira de Magalhaes
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
The World ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Wide Adaptation

Abstract Citrate transporters belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family of membrane transporters in sorghum and maize, SbMATE and ZmMATE1, respectively, play a major role in aluminium (Al) tolerance. However, these MATE members show regulatory differences, as well as peculiarities in their genetic effect and mode of action. These aspects, which are discussed in this chapter, have to be considered to design successful breeding programmes in order to achieve maximum Al tolerance and, consequently, to improve grain and biomass production in regions of the world with Al toxicity. As shown in this chapter, target genes with major effects and molecular tools are available for marker-assisted breeding for improving Al tolerance both in sorghum and maize. However, wide adaptation to acid soils should be sought by pyramiding genes controlling different traits such as drought tolerance, P acquisition, resistance to diseases and other stresses commonly found in each agroecological environment.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of a Glycine soja C2H2 Zinc Finger Gene Improves Aluminum Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Yuan-Tai Liu ◽  
Qi-Han Shi ◽  
He-Jie Cao ◽  
Qi-Bin Ma ◽  
Hai Nian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
C2h2 Zinc Finger

Aluminum (Al) toxicity limits plant growth and has a major impact on the agricultural productivity in acidic soils. The zinc-finger protein (ZFP) family plays multiple roles in plant development and abiotic stresses. Although previous reports have confirmed the function of these genes, their transcriptional mechanisms in wild soybean (Glycine soja) are unclear. In this study, GsGIS3 was isolated from Al-tolerant wild soybean gene expression profiles to be functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. Laser confocal microscopic observations demonstrated that GsGIS3 is a nuclear protein, containing one C2H2 zinc-finger structure. Our results show that the expression of GsGIS3 was of a much higher level in the stem than in the leaf and root and was upregulated under AlCl3, NaCl or GA3 treatment. Compared to the control, overexpression of GsGIS3 in Arabidopsis improved Al tolerance in transgenic lines with more root growth, higher proline and lower Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation under concentrations of AlCl3. Analysis of hematoxylin staining indicated that GsGIS3 enhanced the resistance of transgenic plants to Al toxicity by reducing Al accumulation in Arabidopsis roots. Moreover, GsGIS3 expression in Arabidopsis enhanced the expression of Al-tolerance-related genes. Taken together, our findings indicate that GsGIS3, as a C2H2 ZFP, may enhance tolerance to Al toxicity through positive regulation of Al-tolerance-related genes.

scholarly journals A search for RFLP markers to identify genes for aluminum tolerance in maize

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovana A. Torres ◽  
Sidney N. Parentoni ◽  
Maurício A. Lopes ◽  
Edilson Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
F2 Population

The objective of this study was to identify restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers linked to QTLs that control aluminum (Al) tolerance in maize. The strategy used was bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and the genetic material utilized was an F2 population derived from a cross between the Al-susceptible inbred line L53 and Al-tolerant inbred line L1327. Both lines were developed at the National Maize and Sorghum Research Center - CNPMS/EMBRAPA. The F2 population of 1554 individuals was evaluated in a nutrient solution containing a toxic concentration of Al and relative seminal root length (RSRL) was used as a phenotypic measure of tolerance. The RSRL frequency distribution was continuous, but skewed towards Al-susceptible individuals. Seedlings of the F2 population which scored the highest and the lowest RSRL values were transplanted to the field and subsequently selfed to obtain F3 families. Thirty F3 families (15 Al-susceptible and 15 Al-tolerant) were evaluated in nutrient solution, using an incomplete block design, to identify those with the smallest variances for aluminum tolerance and susceptibility. Six Al-susceptible and five Al-tolerant F3 families were chosen to construct one pool of Al-susceptible individuals, and another of Al-tolerant, herein referred as "bulks", based on average values of RSRL and genetic variance. One hundred and thirteen probes were selected, with an average interval of 30 cM, covering the 10 maize chromosomes. These were tested for their ability to discriminate the parental lines. Fifty-four of these probes were polymorphic, with 46 showing codominance. These probes were hybridized with DNA from the two contrasting bulks. Three RFLPs on chromosome 8 distinguished the bulks on the basis of band intensity. DNA of individuals from the bulks was hybridized with these probes and showed the presence of heterozygous individuals in each bulk. These results suggest that in maize there is a region related to aluminum tolerance on chromosome 8

scholarly journals Rapid screening for aluminum tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Daniel Giaveno ◽  
José B. Miranda Filho
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Hematoxylin Staining ◽  
Two Populations

A significant decrease in maize grain yield due to aluminum toxicity is considered to be one of the most important agricultural problems for tropical regions. Genetic improvement is a useful approach to increase maize yield in acid soils, but this requires a rapid and reliable method to discriminate between genotypes. In our work we investigated the feasibility of using hematoxylin staining (HS) to detect Al-tolerant plants at the seedling stage. The original population along with two populations obtained after one cycle of divergent selection were evaluated by net root growth (NRG) and HS after 7 days in nutrient solution. Results showed a negative correlation between NRG and HS in all populations, in which sensitive plants, characterized by low NRG, exhibited more intense staining than tolerant plants. These results indicate that HS is a useful procedure for selecting Al-tolerant maize seedlings.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms for Coping with Al Toxicity in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Jingjing Huang ◽  
Jixing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Novel Genes

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major constraints to agricultural production in acid soils. Molecular mechanisms of coping with Al toxicity have now been investigated in a range of plant species. Two main mechanisms of Al tolerance in plants are Al exclusion from the roots and the ability to tolerate Al in the roots. This review focuses on the recent discovery of novel genes and mechanisms that confer Al tolerance in plants and summarizes our understanding of the physiological, genetic, and molecular basis for plant Al tolerance. We hope this review will provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of Al tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Expression Level of Transcription Factor ART1 Is Responsible for Differential Aluminum Tolerance in Indica Rice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Li Ming Sun ◽  
Jing Che ◽  
Jian Feng Ma ◽  
Ren Fang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Indica Cultivar

Rice is the most aluminum (Al)-tolerant species among the small grain cereals, but there are great variations in the Al tolerance between subspecies, with higher tolerance in japonica subspecies than indica subspecies. Here, we performed a screening of Al tolerance using 65 indica cultivars and found that there was also a large genotypic difference in Al tolerance among indica subspecies. Further characterization of two cultivars contrasting in Al tolerance showed that the expression level of ART1 (ALUMINUM RESISTANCE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1) encoding a C2H2-type Zn-finger transcription factor, was higher in an Al-tolerant indica cultivar, Jinguoyin, than in an Al-sensitive indica cultivar, Kasalath. Furthermore, a dose-response experiment showed that ART1 expression was not induced by Al in both cultivars, but Jinguoyin always showed 5.9 to 11.4-fold higher expression compared with Kasalath, irrespectively of Al concentrations. Among genes regulated by ART1, 19 genes showed higher expression in Jinguoyin than in Kasalath. This is associated with less Al accumulation in the root tip cell wall in Jinguoyin. Sequence comparison of the 2-kb promoter region of ART1 revealed the extensive sequence polymorphism between two cultivars. Whole transcriptome analysis with RNA-seq revealed that more genes were up- and downregulated by Al in Kasalath than in Jinguoyin. Taken together, our results suggest that there is a large genotypic variation in Al tolerance in indica rice and that the different expression level of ART1 is responsible for the genotypic difference in the Al tolerance.

scholarly journals Field comparison between selection methods at the maize seedling stage in relation to aluminum tolerance

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Daniel Giaveno ◽  
José Branco de Miranda Filho
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Aluminum Saturation

Selection and breeding for aluminum tolerance is a useful approach to increase maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield in acid soils. The objective of this work was the comparison between two screening approaches for the development of Al tolerant maize populations. One cycle of divergent selection for aluminum tolerance, using both nutrient solution and pots with acid soil, were completed in the maize population SIKALQ. The four sub-populations selected through both selection procedures were compared with the original population and checks in field trials repeated over locations. Eight environments stratified into four groups varying from non acid to high aluminum saturation were used. Three variables were analyzed for comparisons of methodologies: grain yield, plant height and days to male flowering. The populations performed similarly in the high productivity locations and the differences between tolerant and sensitive ones were more evident for increasing levels of toxic aluminum. In spite of little differences, selection in pots with acid soil was more efficient than nutrient solution in changing the genetic structure of the population toward more tolerant and sensitive levels.

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