scholarly journals Plants of the Annonaceae traditionally used as antimalarials: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 315-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Frausin ◽  
Renata Braga Souza Lima ◽  
Ari de Freitas Hidalgo ◽  
Paul Maas ◽  
Adrian Martin Pohlit
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
And Control

Species of the Annonaceae family are used all over the tropics in traditional medicine in tropical regions for the treatment of malaria and other illnesses. Phytochemical studies of this family have revealed chemical components which could offer new alternatives for the treatment and control of malaria. Searches in scientific reference sites (SciFinder Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, ScienceDirect and ISI Web of Science) and a bibliographic literature search for species of Annonaceae used traditionally to treat malaria and fever were carried out. This family contains 2,100 species in 123 genera. We encountered 113 articles reporting medicinal use of one or more species of this family including 63 species in 27 genera with uses as antimalarials and febrifuges. Even though the same species of Annonaceae are used by diverse ethnic groups, different plant parts are often chosen for applications, and diverse methods of preparation and treatment are used. The ethanol extracts of Polyalthia debilis and Xylopia aromatica proved to be quite active against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (median inhibition concentration, IC50 < 1.5 µg/mL). Intraperitoneal injection of Annickia chlorantha aqueous extracts (cited as Enantia chlorantha) cleared chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis from the blood of mice in a dose-dependant manner. More phytochemical profiles of Annonaceous species are required; especially information on the more commonly distributed antimalarial compounds in this family.

scholarly journals Impact of dams and irrigation schemes in Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) bionomics and malaria epidemiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Sanchez-Ribas ◽  
Gabriel Parra-Henao ◽  
Anthony Érico Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Anopheline Mosquitoes

Irrigation schemes and dams have posed a great concern on public health systems of several countries, mainly in the tropics. The focus of the present review is to elucidate the different ways how these human interventions may have an effect on population dynamics of anopheline mosquitoes and hence, how local malaria transmission patterns may be changed. We discuss different studies within the three main tropical and sub-tropical regions (namely Africa, Asia and the Pacific and the Americas). Factors such as pre-human impact malaria epidemiological patterns, control measures, demographic movements, human behaviour and local Anopheles bionomics would determine if the implementation of an irrigation scheme or a dam will have negative effects on human health. Some examples of successful implementation of control measures in such settings are presented. The use of Geographic Information System as a powerful tool to assist on the study and control of malaria in these scenarios is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Actividad in vitro anti-Leishmania (Trypanosomatidae) del epóxido trans-Z-α-bisaboleno y del Safrol, en frutos de Piper auritum (Piperaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rodríguez-Chaves ◽  
Vanessa Bagnarello-Madrigal ◽  
Javier Alpizar-Cordero ◽  
Alonso Calvo-Vargas ◽  
Maribel Cordero-Villalobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Piper Auritum ◽  
Bisabolene Epoxide

Anti-Leishmania (Trypanosomatidae) activity of trans-Z-α-bisabolene epoxide and isolation of safrole, in fruits of Piper auritum (Piperaceae). The leishmaniosis disease incidence is high in tropical regions, and its current treatment has shown severe secondary effects. Considering this problem, many studies have focused on plants, looking for chemical components that have anti-leishmanial activity, and are free of adverse effects for human beings. The purpose of this work was to find a chemical component with this kind of activity in Piper auritum. In a phytochemical screening of this plant, we found some cumarins, terpens, triterpens and reducing sugars; and later, we identified the components trans-Z-α-bisabolene epoxide and Safrol. The first component presented a CI50 of 50.0 µg/mL of anti-Leishmania activity. The Safrol, which is the major component of the essential oils of this plant, did not show antiparasitic activity. These results are discussed considering treatment of leishmaniasis. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 826-835. Epub 2018 June 01. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU AIR (SYZYGIUM AQUEUM) TERHADAP BAKTERI ISOLAT KLINIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titi Hariyati ◽  
Dwi Soelistya Dyah Jekti ◽  
Yayuk Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Guava Leaf

Syzygium aqueum plant of the family Myrtaceae is native of Malaysia and Indonesia and is known as the water rose. The active compound is useful as an antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the effects of ethanol extracts of guava leaves (S. aqueum) as an antimicrobial against clinical isolates bacteria in vitro. The design used in experiment was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results of statistical analysis using SPSS 20 for windows indicated that the ethanol extract of guava leaves has a significant (P<0,05) effect in inhibiting the growth of clinical isolates bacteria. MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) of ethanol extracts for each bacterium can not be determined because the guava leaf extract was very dark. The MBC (Minimum Bacterisidal Concentration) of ethanol extract of guava leaf  for both S. aureus and S. dysenteriae was 20%.  The MBC of the extract for E. coli, S. thypi, V. cholerae was 25%, where as for B. cereus was at concentration of 50%. It can be concluded that guava leaf has highly potential as a source of antimicrobial agent.Keywords:Antibacteria, Guava Leaf, Clinical Isolates Bacteria, Ethanol Extract

scholarly journals Comparative study of the in vitro phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential of six medicinal plants

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Charles O. Nwonuma ◽  
Tabitha A. Adelani-Akande ◽  
Omorefosa O. Osemwegie ◽  
Abiola F. Olaniran ◽  
Toluwani A. Adeyemo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Positive Controls

Background: This study sought to investigate the antimicrobial activity of six plants used in traditional medicine in Africa. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the six medicinal plant extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 21784), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27856) were Aspergillus fumigatus using the agar-well diffusion protocol. The activities of these extracts were compared with the positive controls chloramphenicol and griseofulvin. Similarly, the phytochemicals from the extracts were qualitatively assayed and their percentage yield calculated by standard methods. Results: The bacterial organisms used, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa, were slightly-to-highly susceptible to aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the various test plants, while A. fumigatus was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanolic extracts of the sampled plants showed superior inhibitory performance on the target bacteria to the aqueous extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Moringa oleifera and Cola nitida showed inhibitory consistency against the target bacteria. Superior inhibitory activity was observed for ethanol extracts of A. melegueta seed and M. oleifera pod against P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. Variations in phytochemicals were noticed across solvents and plant parts for all plants. Phenols were detected in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. nitida and Cola acuminate, but relatively appeared denser in extracts of A. melegueta seed and Chrysophyllum albidium fruits. The extracts of C. nitida, C. acuminate and A. melegueta tested positive for the presence of flavonoids, which were undetected in C. albidium and M. oleifera seed and pod extracts. None of the extracts showed the presence of every phytochemical assayed during the study. Conclusions: Extracts of the medicinal plants assessed in this study showed antibacterial potential. Developing new methodologies that preserve the bioactive potency of phyto-extracts for optimal microbicidal activity is promising for development of safe, non-reactive pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and GC-MS Screening and Biocidal Potentiality of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizome against Mosquito’s Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 090-096
Author(s):  
Dalia Mustafa M Elbashir ◽  
Mutaman AA Kehail ◽  
Abdalla I Abdalla Mohamed ◽  
Abdelmonem Eltiyab H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Mosquitoes can act as vectors for many viruses and parasites through carrying these organisms from person to person. Although great number of natural products are lethal to mosquitoes, but few researches are conducted to understand the magnitude of the behavioral response to these plant parts. The objectives of this study were to screen the phytochemical and other chemical components from ginger rhizome in addition to test their aqueous and ethanol extracts on mosquito’s larvae. The standard methods, materials and devices were used to screen the phytochemical components and the chemical constituents (GC-MS). The aqueous and the ethanol extracts from clove pods were prepared and used against Anopheles, Culex and Aedes larvae. The results of the aqueous extract showed that, the LC50 was 153.77 mg/L for Anopheles larvae, 179.05 mg/L for Culex larvae, and 208.37 mg/L for Aedes larvae, also the ethanol extract of ginger rhizome was more potent than the aqueous extract. The biocidal activity can be attributed to the presence of saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and steroids. The GC-MS for the hexane extract showed the presence of alkaloid: gingerol (18%) and eugenyl acetate- (19%) that gives the sweet aromatic, spicy taste, but the ethanol extract detected gingerol (43%) and zingiberene (14%). The obtained data will be useful to understand the mechanisms and reasons of biocidal activity of ginger rhizome against the tested mosquito’s larvae.

Anti-amnesic activity screening of the seed ethanol extracts of Turkish Paeonia taxa by in vitro methods

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sevim ◽  
FS Senol ◽  
I Orhan ◽  
B Şener ◽  
E Kaya
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Insecticidal Active Rotenoids from Plant Parts and Callus Culture of Medicago sativa L. from a Semiarid Region of India (Rajasthan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
Sharad Vats ◽  
Preeti Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Background: Vector-borne diseases are quite prevalent globally and are one of the major causes of deaths due to infectious diseases. There is an availability of synthetic insecticides, however, their excessive and indiscriminate use have resulted in the emergence of resistant varieties of insects. Thus, a search for novel biopesticide has become inevitable. Methods: Rotenoids were isolated and identified from different parts of Medicago sativa L. This group of metabolites was also identified in the callus culture, and the rotenoid content was monitored during subculturing for a period of 10 months. Enhancement of the rotenoid content was evaluated by feeding precursors in a tissue culture medium. Results: Four rotenoids (elliptone, deguelin, rotenone and Dehydrorotenone) were identified, which were confirmed using spectral and chromatographic techniques. The maximum rotenoid content was found in the seeds (0.33±0.01%), followed by roots (0.31±0.01%) and minimum in the aerial parts (0.20±0.05%). A gradual decrease in the rotenoid content was observed with the ageing of subcultured tissue maintained for 10 months. The production of rotenoids was enhanced up to 2 folds in the callus culture using amino acids, Phenylalanine and Methionine as precursors as compared to the control. The LC50 value of the rotenoids was found to be 91 ppm and 162 ppm against disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis, respectively. Conclusion: The study projects M. sativa as a novel source of biopesticide against the disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis. The use of precursors to enhance the rotenoid content in vitro can be an effective venture from a commercial point of view.

Evaluation of Snake Venom’s PhospholipaseA2 Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Cyphostemma adenocoule

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Atul Kaushik ◽  
Teamrat S. Tesfai ◽  
Daniel K. Barkh ◽  
Furtuna K. Ghebremeskel ◽  
Habtom G. Zerihun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background: A snake bite is fundamentally an injury often resulting in puncture wounds meted out by the animal's fangs and occasionally resulting in envenomation. Rate of snake bites around 5,400,000 bites per year leads to over 2,500,000 envenomings and around 125,000 fatal cases annually. Snake venom enzymes are rich in metalloproteinases, phospholipaseA2, proteinases, acetylcholinesterases and hyaluronidases. Objective: Cyphostemma adenocoule is traditionally being used for the treatment of snake bites in Eritrea. The present research was aimed at evaluating the snake venom enzyme inhibition activity of C. adenocoule against puff adder venom and developing a base for the traditional use of the plant against snakebites in Eritrea. Methods: The anti-venom activity of C. adenocoule was assessed in-vitro through phospholipaseA2 enzyme inhibition assay using egg yolk as a cell. The ethanol and chloroform extracts of C. adenocoule showed in vitro anti phospholipase A2 activity, whereas the water extracts of the plant showed no activity. Results: Among the extracts of C. adenocoule, the highest percentage of inhibition was obtained from chloroform extract (95.55% at 100mg/ml). The extract showed prominent activity at different concentrations (34.7% at10mg/ml, 48.8% at 20mg/ml, 54.8% at 40mg/ml, 60.9% at 60mg/ml, 80.5% at 80mg /ml). The ethanol extract also showed certain activity at various concentrations (25.22% at10mg/ml, 14.78% at 20mg/ml, 2.6% at40mg/ml). The activity of the chloroform extracts increases as concentration increases, whereas the activity of the ethanol extracts decreases as concentration increases. The aqueous extract of C. adenocoule did not show any activity at all concentrations. Conclusion: In this study, the chloroform and ethanol extracts of the plant inhibited the enzyme of interest and thus proved the efficacy of anti-snake venom activity of the plant.

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