scholarly journals Clinical and videofluoroscopic diagnosis of dysphagia in chronic encephalopathy of childhood

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Carla Lima Araújo ◽  
Maria Eugênia Almeida Motta ◽  
Adriana Guerra de Castro ◽  
Claudia Marina Tavares de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Food Consistency ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Speech Therapists

Objective To evaluate the contribution of deglutition videofluoroscopy in the clinical diagnosis of dysphagia in chronic encephalopathy of childhood. Materials and Methods The study sample consisted of 93 children diagnosed with chronic encephalopathy, in the age range between two and five years, selected by convenience among patients referred to the authors' institution by speech therapists, neurologists and gastroenterologists in the period from March 2010 to September 2011. The data collection was made at two different moments, by different investigators who were blind to each other. Results The method presented low sensitivity for detecting aspiration with puree consistency (p = 0.04). Specificity and negative predictive value were high for clinical diagnosis of dysphagia with puree consistency. Conclusion In the present study, the value for sensitivity in the clinical diagnosis of dysphagia demonstrates that this diagnostic procedure may not detect any change in the swallowing process regardless of the food consistency used during the investigation. Thus, the addition of the videofluoroscopic method can significantly contribute to the diagnosis of dysphagia.

381 Role of CT scans of abdomen and pelvis in management of patients with immunotherapy-induced colitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A406-A406
Author(s):  
Juan Ibarra Rovira ◽  
Raghunandan Vikram ◽  
Selvi Thirumurthi ◽  
Bulent Yilmaz ◽  
Heather Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundColitis is one of the most common immune-related adverse event in patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Although radiographic changes are reported on computed tomography such as mild diffuse bowel thickening or segmental colitis, the utility of CT in diagnosis of patients with suspected immune-related colitis is not well studied.MethodsCT scans of the abdomen and pelvis of 34 patients on immunotherapy with a clinical diagnosis of immunotherapy induced colitis and 19 patients receiving immunotherapy without clinical symptoms of colitis (control) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Segments of the colon (rectum, sigmoid, descending, transverse, ascending and cecum) were assessed independently by two fellowship trained abdominal imaging specialists with 7 and 13 years‘ experience who were blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Each segment was assessed for mucosal enhancement, wall thickening, distension, peri-serosal fat stranding. Any disagreements were resolved in consensus. The degree of distension and the spurious assignment of wall thickening were the most common causes for disagreement. The presence of any of the signs was considered as radiographic evidence of colitis.ResultsCT evidence of colitis was seen in 16 of 34 patients with symptoms of colitis. 7 of 19 patients who did not have symptoms of colitis showed signs of colitis on CT. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value for colitis on CT is 47%, 63.2%, 69.5% and 40%, respectively.ConclusionsCT has a low sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of immunotherapy-induced colitis. CT has no role in the diagnosis of patients suspected of having uncomplicated immune-related colitis and should not be used routinely for management.Trial RegistrationThis protocol is not registered on clinicaltrials.gov.Ethics ApprovalThis protocol was IRB approved on: 11/16/2015 - IRB 4 Chair Designee FWA #: 00000363 OHRP IRB Registration Number: IRB 4 IRB00005015ConsentThis protocol utilizes an IRB approved waiver of consent.

scholarly journals The pattern of urine cytology among patients with clinical diagnosis of bladder tumor in a tertiary hospital northwest Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3521
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Umar ◽  
Uzodimma E. Onwuasoanya ◽  
Emmanuel U. Oyibo ◽  
Adamu Dahiru ◽  
Ismaila A. Mungadi
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Age Range

Background: Urine cytology is a simple, safe, non-invasive and cheap investigation that is used as adjunct to cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Its low sensitivity is a major limitation against its use as a sole diagnostic test for bladder cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of urine cytology seen in patients with clinical diagnosis of bladder tumour in our practice.Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with clinical diagnosis of bladder tumour that had urine cytology in our centre. The age and gender of the patients, number of urine cytology per patient per year and cytologic diagnosis were analysed using the SPSS 20.Results: During the period under review, a total of 512 urine cytology was done for patients with clinical diagnosis of bladder tumour. The age range of the patients was 6 to 90 years with modal age of 60 years. 457 (89.3%) were males while 54 (10.5%) were females and 1 (0.2%) was unspecified. Male to female ratio was 8.5:1. The highest number of urine cytology was done in 2013 with 64 (12.5%) while the least number was 1 (0.2%) recorded in 2001 and 2003. Only 68 (13.3%) specimens were reported to be malignant while 245 (47.9%) were reported as negative representing the most common cytological diagnosis in the study.Conclusions: Although urine cytology is useful in the diagnostic workup of patients with bladder mass, it is unlikely it would supplant cystoscopy and biopsy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of broad-range 16S rRNA PCR for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections: two years of experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1252-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Mostafa Hassan ◽  
Mervat G El Enany ◽  
Hussien H Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
High Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Introduction: Diagnosis of bloodstream infections using bacteriological cultures suffers from low sensitivity and reporting delay. Advanced molecular techniques introduced in many laboratories provide rapid results and may show improvements in patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a molecular technique, broad-range 16S rRNA PCR followed by sequencing for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections, compared to blood culture in different patient groups. Methodology: Conventional PCR was performed, using broad-range 16S rRNA primers, on blood cultures collected from different patients with suspected bloodstream infections; results were compared with those of blood culture. Results: Though blood culture is regarded as the gold standard, PCR evaluation showed sensitivity of 86.25%, specificity of 91.25%, positive predictive value of 76.67%, negative predictive value of 95.22%, and accuracy of 88.8%. Conclusions: Molecular assays seem not to be sufficient to replace microbial cultures in the diagnosis of bloodstream infections, but they can offer a rapid, good negative test to rule out infection due to their high negative predictive value.

scholarly journals Can Tc-99m labeled erythrocyte scintigraphy be an alternative non-invasive method to endometriosis diagnosis?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Fatih Demirel ◽  
Gokhan Koca ◽  
Koray Demirel ◽  
Huseyin Aydogmus ◽  
Aylin Akbulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteer ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pelvic Mri ◽  
Endometrial Gland ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Background: Endometriosis is defined as the implantation of endometrial gland and stroma ectopically outside the uterus. Clinically, it is a hormone dependent benign disease accompanied by pelvic pain and infertility. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the activated implants with 99m-Tc labeled erythrocyte scintigraphy (99mTc-RBCs) in patients with recurrent endometriosis and compare the results with pelvic MRI results.Methods: Patients who were diagnosed histopathologically as endometriosis either with operation and / or therapeutic laparascopy or laparotomy and, were included to present study. Thirty patients, who were diagnosed as recurrence by clinical, and laboratory terms and 10 healthy volunteer (control group) patients were included in the study. Between the second and fifth days of menstruation when the endometriotic lesions were highly activated, radionuclide imaging was performed by 99mTc-RBCs and compared with pelvic MRI findings.Results: In 27 patients out of 30 patients (90%) pathological accumulation of radioactivity foci with 99mTc-RBCs were present. The focal pathological accumulation was significant in 26 patients and moderate in 1 patient. In 22 patients (81.5%) the increased radioactivity accumulation in radionuclide images was concordant with MRI images. Regarding the MRI as reference, the sensitivity of 99mTc-RBCs was determined as 96%, specificity 29%, positive predicitive value 81% and negative predictive value was 66%.Conclusions: Imaging of endometriosis regions with 99m-Tc-RBCs can be an alternative diagnostic procedure for the patients with recurrent endometriosis.

Magnetic Resonance-Based Radiomic Analysis of Radiofrequency Lesion Predicts Outcomes After Percutaneous Cordotomy: A Feasibility Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Vedantam ◽  
Islam Hassan ◽  
Aikaterini Kotrotsou ◽  
Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Pascal O Zinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Percutaneous Cordotomy ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Intractable Cancer Pain ◽  
High Cervical ◽  
Age Range

Abstract BACKGROUND To date, there is limited data on evaluation of the cordotomy lesion and predicting clinical outcome. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance (MR)-based radiomic analysis to quantify microstructural changes created by the cordotomy lesion and predict outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous cordotomy for medically refractory cancer pain. METHODS This is a retrospective interpretation of prospectively acquired data in 10 patients (5 males, age range 43-76 yr) who underwent percutaneous computed tomography-guided high cervical cordotomy for medically refractory cancer pain between 2015 and 2016. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cordotomy lesion on postoperative day 1. After segmentation of T2-weighted images, 310 radiomic features were extracted. Pain outcomes were recorded on postoperative day 1 and day 7 using the visual analog scale. R software was used to build statistical models based on MRI radiomic features for prediction of pain outcomes. RESULTS A total of 20 relevant radiomic features were identified using the maximum relevance minimum redundanc method. Radiomics predicted postoperative day 1 pain scores with an accuracy of 90% (P = .046), 100% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 85.7% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. The radiomics model also predicted if the postoperative day 1 pain score was sustained on postoperative day 7 with an accuracy of 100% (P = .028), 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% positive and negative predictive value. CONCLUSION MR-based radiomic analysis of the cordotomy lesion was predictive of pain outcomes at 1 wk after percutaneous cordotomy for intractable cancer pain.

scholarly journals Endometrial assessment by transvaginal ultrasonography and correlation with histopathology among post menopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1613-1617
Author(s):  
Hari Kishor Shrestha ◽  
Ram Chandra Adhikari ◽  
Khadga Bahadur Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasonography ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Age Range

Background: Transvaginal ultrasonography has increased the reliability of imaging diagnosis of women with endometrial pathologies and this technique has become widely used to evaluate endometrial thickness in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Materials and methods: 359 women presenting with history of at least three months amenorrhea were undergone transvaginal ultrasonography with measurement of endometrial thickness and uterine size. Endometrial biopsies were taken in 69 cases (19.2%) only. Results: The median age of patients was 53 years with the age range of 42 years to 81 years. Abdominal pain was the commonest symptoms followed by backache. 3/69 cases with histopathological diagnoses had normal sized uterus, while 66 cases had bulky (>6.0 cm) uterus. 58/69 cases showed > 5 mm thick endometrium and the endometrium was abnormal in 31/69 cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of transvaginal ultrasonography to detect abnormal endometrium were 91.2%, 22.9%, 53.4% and 72.7% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of transvaginal ultrasonography to detect endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma were 100%, 17.5%, 10.3% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: Transvaginal sonographic evaluation of endometrial thickness and uterine size is useful for exclusion of endometrial pathology and to avoid unnecessary invasive surgical procedures.

Evaluation of red blood cell parameters provided by the UF-5000 urine auto-analyzer in patients with glomerulonephritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genki Mizuno ◽  
Masato Hoshi ◽  
Kentaro Nakamoto ◽  
Masayo Sakurai ◽  
Kazuko Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Cardinal Symptom

Abstract Objectives The microscopic examination of hematuria, a cardinal symptom of glomerulonephritis (GN), is time-consuming and labor-intensive. As an alternative, the fully automated urine particle analyzer UF-5000 can interpret the morphological information of the glomerular red blood cells (RBCs) using parameters such as UF-5000 small RBCs (UF-%sRBCs) and Lysed-RBCs. Methods Hematuria samples from 203 patients were analyzed using the UF-5000 and blood and urine chemistries to determine the cut-off values of RBC parameters for GN and non-glomerulonephritis (NGN) classification and confirm their sensitivity to the IgA nephropathy and non-IgA nephropathy groups. Results The UF-%sRBCs and Lysed-RBCs values differed significantly between the GN and NGN groups. The cut-off value of UF-%sRBCs was >56.8% (area under the curve, 0.649; sensitivity, 94.1%; specificity, 38.1%; positive predictive value, 68.3%; and negative predictive value, 82.1%), while that for Lysed-RBC was >4.6/μL (area under the curve, 0.708; sensitivity, 82.4%; specificity, 56.0%; positive predictive value, 72.6%; and negative predictive value, 69.1%). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity between the IgA nephropathy and non-IgA nephropathy groups (87.1 and 89.8% for UF-%sRBCs and 83.9 and 78.4% for Lysed-RBCs, respectively). In the NGN group, the cut-off values showed low sensitivity (56.0% for UF-%sRBCs and 44.0% for Lysed-RBCs). Conclusions The RBC parameters of the UF-5000, specifically UF-%sRBCs and Lysed-RBCs, showed good cut-off values for the diagnosis of GN.

scholarly journals Correlation of Ultrasound and RIPASA Scoring System in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Rai Bansal ◽  
Suvendu Sekhar Jena ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Negative Appendicectomy ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: Correlation of Ultrasound and RIPASA scoring system in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Study Design: 50 patients presenting to emergency underwent ultrasound and evaluation as per RIPASA scoring system followed by emergency appendicectomy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value calculated for each goups. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value for ultrasound were 75.51%, 100%, 100% and 7.69% respectively and that for RIPASA scoring system were 93.9%, 100% 100% and 25% respectively. The negative appendicectomy rate was 2%. Conclusion: RIPASA scoring system may be used for correctly diagnosing acute appendicitis but low sensitivity of ultrasound precludes its routine use and may be used as a complementary tool in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Keywards: Acute Appendictis, RIPASA, Ultrasound.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity of Sheard and Percival’s Criteria for the Diagnosis of Young People with Near-heterophoria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1128-1134
Author(s):  
Saif Hassan Alrasheed ◽  
Amel Mohamed Yousif ◽  
Majid A. Moafa ◽  
Abd Elaziz Mohamed Elmadina ◽  
Mohammad Alobaid
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Low Sensitivity

BACKGROUND: Sheard and Percival assumed that symptoms from latent strabismus can be avoided if the relevant fusional vergence is adequate to support the heterophoria. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Sheard’s and Percival’s criterion for the diagnosis of heterophoria. METHODS: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed at Al-Neelain Eye Hospital Khartoum, Sudan from February to October 2019. Heterophoria was measured using Maddox Wing and fusional vergence using a prism bar. Thereafter, Sheard’s and Percival’s criteria were used for the diagnosis of heterophoria. RESULTS: A total of 230 participants (age = 15–30 years; mean age = 19.34 ± 3.325 years) were recruited for this study. The Sheard’s criteria showed a high sensitivity of 87.2% and a low specificity of 8.0% for the diagnosing of exophoria, with positive and negative predictive values of 65.5% and 26%, respectively. The criteria showed a relatively low sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 9.0% in the diagnosis of esophoria, with a positive and negative predictive values of 56% and 20%, respectively. Percival criteria showed high sensitivity 84.2% and low specificity 9.1% in diagnosing esophoria, with a positive and negative predictive value of 61.5% and 25%, respectively. On the other hand, the criteria showed low sensitivity 67.4% and specificity 13.8% in diagnosing exophoria, with positive and negative predictive value 61.9% and 17%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Sheard’s and Percival’s criteria are useful in diagnosing binocular vision problems. Sheard’s criteria are accurate in diagnosing near exophoria and Percival’s criteria are more accurate in diagnosing near esophoria. Therefore, these criteria provide good clues and predictions for the diagnosis of binocular vision problems.

scholarly journals Drain Tip Culture: Would It Help Us Predict and Prevent Surgical Site Infection After Spinal Surgery?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Background: Systematic cultures of drain tips or drainage fluids are commonly used by surgical teams for the early detection of Surgical Site Infection (SSI), even in the absence of clinical suspicion of infection. However, their prognostic values are controversial. Method: This was a prospective study of patients undergoing spine surgery at our institute during the study period. Patients already diagnosed with spine infection were excluded from the study. At the time of drain removal, the drain tip was cut and sent to microbiology laboratory for bacterial culture. All patients were treated with antimicrobial prophylaxis based on evidence-based guidelines and were monitored for at least 6 months after surgery for the development of Surgical Site Infection (SSI). SSI was defined according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Results: The study comprised of 183 patients including 85 males and 98 females. The rate of Surgical Site Infection in our study was 2.73 % (5 patients). Drain Tip Culture (DTC) was positive in 4 patients (2.18 %). Association of DTC with SSI was found to have high Specificity (98.31 %) and Negative Predictive Value (97.76 %) but low Sensitivity (20 %) and Positive Predictive Value (25 %). Conclusion: Culture of drain tip after spine surgery does not conclusively predict the presence or absence of surgical site infection. However, statistical significance was observed between drain tip culture and surgical site infection with high specificity, high negative predictive value, low sensitivity and low positive predictive value. Keywords: Drain tip culture; Spinal Surgery; Surgical site infection.

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