scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense INTERACTION EFFECTS WITH CAPTAN AND THIODICARB ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF CORN PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Felipe Vogel ◽  
Rubens Fey
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The application of biological products containing diazotrophic bacteria in the seed has been highlighted as an alternative to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers; however, the chemical treatment of the seeds may negatively affect the survival rate of these microorganisms in the soil. The effects of the application of captan (fungicide) and thiodicarb (insecticide) in association with the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense were investigated in this study for the corn crop. The research was conducted under greenhouse conditions at Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), in Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil, and under laboratory conditions at the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), in Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil. A completely randomized experimental design with eight treatments and four replicates was used. The treatments were as follows: control; A. brasilense; captan; thiodicarb; captan + thiodicarb; A. brasilense + captan; A. brasilense + thiodicarb; A. brasilense + captan + thiodicarb. The germination and seedling growth rates were evaluated in the laboratory. In the greenhouse were measured the growth of the roots and shoots until the V8 corn growth stages. The use of A. brasilense alone resulted in higher plant growth when compared to the control treatment, whereas the association of A. brasilense with captan and thiodicarb resulted in a similar response to the uninoculated and control treatments. These results suggest that there was a possible toxic effect of seed treatment with these products. The use of captan and thiodicarb interfere in the interaction of diazotrophic bacteria with root growth, affecting the germination rate and initial corn growth.

scholarly journals COMBINATION OF Azospirillum brasilense AND Bradyrhizobium japonicum IN THE PROMOTION OF INITIAL CORN GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e5360
Author(s):  
Gabriel Monteiro Aguiar Pereira ◽  
Renato De Carvalho Menezes ◽  
Marcos Gomes da Cunha ◽  
Renato Carrer Filho
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Corn Plants

Biological formulations used as inoculants are increasingly present in grasses, especially in corn. Positive results in promoting plant growth, with different associations with diazotrophic bacteria, show these capacities of interaction to act as plant growth regulators, making it a promising alternative with a low environmental impact. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation and co-inoculation of nodulating and non-nodulating diazotrophic bacteria as promoters of initial growth in corn plants. Therefore, the bacteria Azospirillum brasilense (UFG21 strain), Bradyrhizobium japonicum (commercial product), and their co-inoculation were used in seed treatment. The evaluations consisted of growth measuring of the root system and shoot and evaluating leaf chlorophyll concentration. The results showed a beneficial interaction between the bacteria and the corn plant, with an increase in the root system and chlorophyll content, compared to the control treatment.

scholarly journals Efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos en la germinación y crecimiento inicial de Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mazón Suástegui ◽  
Carlos Michel Ojeda Silvera ◽  
Yuneisy Milagro Agüero Fernández ◽  
Daulemys Batista Sánchez ◽  
Dailenys Batista Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Salicornia Bigelovii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Radicle Length ◽  
Response Variables

The effect of homeopathic medicines on germination and initial growth of Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) was evaluated under controlled conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was applied with three homeopathic treatments, Natrum muriaticum 7CH (NaM-7CH); Phosphoricum acidum 13CH (PhA-13CH); Natrum muriaticum 31CH (NaM-31CH); distilled water as control (AD) and six replicates per treatment. The response variables were the percentage and germination rate, stem and radicle length, and fresh and dry biomass of aerial and radicle parts. An analysis of variance and subsequent tests were performed to compare means (Tukey HSD, P ≤ 0.05) when a significant difference between treatments was found. A significant increase was observed in all the response variables evaluated in all the homeopathic treatments with respect to control (AD). The variables with the highest response were germination percentage, with values up to 44% and stem and radicle length with 35% above the control treatment in plants treated with NaM-7CH. These results confirmed the positive effect of homeopathic medicines on germination and initial growth of S. bigelovii, revealing that agricultural homeopathy, particularly NaM-7CH, PhA-13CH and NaM-31CH treatments, is a viable alternative to optimize the cultivation of species since it increases germination percentage and stimulates initial growth.

scholarly journals Screening for Salt Tolerance in Eight Halophyte Species from Yellow River Delta at the Two Initial Growth Stages

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Xianzhao ◽  
Wang Chunzhi ◽  
Su Qing
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Tamarix Chinensis

Screening of available local halophytes for salinity tolerance is of considerable economic value for the utilization of heavy salt-affected lands in coastal tidal-flat areas and other saline areas. In this study, the germination and seedling pot experiments on salt tolerance of eight halophytic species from Yellow River Delta, China, at seven NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mM), were conducted at both growth stages. Results showed that germination rate and germination index decreased with an increase in NaCl concentration. The higher germination rates were obtained from Tamarix chinensis and Suaeda salsa seeds exposed to 0~200 mM NaCl. At the seedling stage, the salt tolerances of eight halophytes were also different from each other. Tamarix chinensis had significantly greater fresh biomass and plant height in relative terms than the others in all salt treatments. The order of the relative growth yield in seedling was Tamarix chinensis > Suaeda salsa > Salicornia europaea > Limonium bicolor > Atriplex isatidea > Apocynum venetum > Phragmites australis > Sesbania cannabina. The comprehensive analysis showed that Tamarix chinensis had the highest tolerance to salt, followed by Suaeda salsa, and the salt tolerance of Sesbania cannabina was the lowest.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll concentration and production of Urochloa decumbens treated with diazotrophic bacteria and thiamine in the Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽  
Paulo Ricardo De Oliveira ◽  
Aliny Heloísa Alcântara Rodrigues ◽  
Sávio Rosa Correia ◽  
Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Small Plot

The effects of application of Azospirillum brasilense and thiamine on chlorophyll concentration and forage mass of Urochloa decumbens were evaluated in a small plot experiment conducted in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The treatments were applications of: A. brasilense (concentration of 10 mL/L); thiamine at 2 concentrations: 50 and 100 mg/L; combinations of A. brasilense and thiamine at the 2 concentrations; and a Control treatment (untreated grass). At the first harvest there was a trend for applying A. brasilense, either alone or in combination with thiamine, to increase the concentrations of chlorophyll, but differences were not always significant at P<0.05. Dry mass of forage from applying A. brasilense plus thiamine at 100 mg/L was greater than that for Control and thiamine at both concentrations. At the second harvest, chlorophyll concentrations were not affected by treatment (P>0.05), while dry matter production of forage from applying A. brasilense alone and thiamine at 100 mg/L was greater (P<0.05) than that of Control and thiamine at 50 mg/L. Larger-scale and longer-term studies to validate these preliminary findings are needed.

scholarly journals Inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria in chicory

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Caliane da S Braulio ◽  
Rafaela SA Nóbrega ◽  
Luís Cláudio V Silva ◽  
Andreza de J Correia ◽  
Cheila BC de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Portion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Plant

ABSTRACT Inoculating crops with diazotrophic bacteria constitutes a feasible biotechnological tool to reduce or even avoid the use of nitrogen fertilizers and to improve the nutritional status of crops. However, the potential use of such technology is limited due to the lack of studies in diverse vegetable crops. We evaluated the production of chicory (Cichorium intybus) in response to inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria in two soil classes. The experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions and under a completely randomized design. The treatments were constituted by strains UFRB FA34C2-2, UFLA 03-84 and INPA 0311B, and two control treatments (devoid of bacterial inoculation and with and without nitrogen fertilization). Two experiments were carried out, one using a soil classified as a dystrophic yellow Latosol (Oxisoil) and one using a Quartsandy Neosol (Typic Quartzipsamment). Chlorophylls a, b and total; plant height; number of leaves; dry mass of the aerial portion; dry mass of roots; total dry mass; effectiveness; efficiency in addition to N and P gathering in the aerial portion, were evaluated 60 days after seeding. The inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria resulted in adequate production when compared to the control treatment without nitrogen fertilization and without inoculation. Diazotrophic bacteria showed potential supplying nitrogen to chicory plants and spare the use of nitrogen fertilization in both soil classes. The strain INPA 0311B, recommended for cowpea, promoted vegetal growth and increased the dry weight of the aerial portion in chicory, under both dystrophic yellow Latosol (Oxisoil) and Neossolo Quartzarênico (Typic Quartzipsamment), when cultivated under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and N fertilization of corn in the Cerrado biome

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-740
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Pereira de Vasconcelos ◽  
Thiago Prudente Siqueira ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Marcos Vieira de Faria ◽  
Aline Arantes Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

ABSTRACT There is a great interest to reduce doses and increase efficiency of inputs in agriculture. One alternative to lower doses of N fertilizers in corn is seed inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria, which can fix atmospheric N in soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of N doses-in the absence and presence of Azospirillum brasilense-on plant nutritional status at different growth stages and on seed yield of corn. The experiment was conducted during the 2011/2012 production season on a typical cerrado soil in Uberlândia, Triângulo Mineiro. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six repetitions. The treatments consisted of five N doses and the absence or presence of Azospirillum brasilense (100 mL ha-1) as a seed inoculant. A commercial product with minimum concentration of 2x108 CFU mL-1 100 mL ha-1 was used. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense did not significantly affect corn macronutrient content and yield, except for foliar calcium and potassium at 200 kg N ha-1 at the V8 stage. Corn yield increased with N doses up to 150 kg N ha-1.

scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense inoculation methods in corn and sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agner de Freitas Andrade ◽  
Tiago Zoz ◽  
André Zoz ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Travis Wilson Witt
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The Azospirillum brasilense inoculation is usually carried out via seed. However, this bacterium presents passive penetration in the plant, what makes it possible to inoculate the crops using other methods. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of A. brasilense inoculation methods on the emergence and initial growth of corn and sorghum, under greenhouse conditions. A randomized block design, with four replications, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, was used. The first factor consisted of a control treatment (without inoculation) and three inoculation methods: via seed, via sowing furrow and via leaf spray. The second factor was composed by two hybrids of corn and two of sorghum. The application of A. brasilense to the seed can reduce the emergence percentage and the emergence speed index of corn seedlings, depending on the genotype, but its application does not influence the initial growth of the plants. The A. brasilense inoculation via seed and via sowing furrow can reduce the emergence and increase the mean emergence time of sorghum seedlings, depending on the genotype. The A. brasilense inoculation via seed results in an increase in the dry mass of the root system of sorghum plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Saffron Corm and Leaf Extracts on Early Growth of Some Plants to Investigate the Possibility of Using Them as Associated Crop

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid-Reza FALLAHI ◽  
Arezoo PARAVAR ◽  
Mohammad-Ali BEHDANI ◽  
Mahsa AGHHAVANI-SHAJARI ◽  
Mohammad-Javad FALLAHI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Randomized Design

Saffron intercropping with other plants needs to preliminary investigations about the possible negative interactions between saffron and associated crop. In this study, allelopathic effects of saffron leaf and corm extracts on germination and seedling growth indices of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), arugula (Eruca sativa) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) was investigated in six separate experiments based on completely randomized design. Experimental treatments were consisted of different levels of saffron leaf and corm extracts including 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6%. The maximum germination percentage of all selected crops was obtained at control treatment (on average 92%) and then decreased with increasing extracts concentration. So that, the germination percentage of arugula, canola and alfalfa in highest concentration of extracts were 18, 10 and 8% for leaf extract and 72, 68 and 93% for corm extract, respectively. The relatively similar trend was observed about germination rate, root and plumule lengths and dry weights. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of saffron leaf extract was more than corm extract on initial growth indices of studied plants. The lowest inhibitory effect of saffron leaf extract and even relatively high stimulatory effect of corm extract were obtained on alfalfa initial growth criteria. Considering the differences in allelochemicals mode of action and concentrations in laboratory bioassays with natural condition, it is necessary to investigate the effects of saffron residues on growth of selected associated crops in greenhouse and field scales for the final decision.

scholarly journals Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Leguminous Plants—A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Božena Šerá ◽  
Vladimír Scholtz ◽  
Jana Jirešová ◽  
Josef Khun ◽  
Jaroslav Julák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

The legumes (Fabaceae family) are the second most important agricultural crop, both in terms of harvested area and total production. They are an important source of vegetable proteins and oils for human consumption. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment is a new and effective method in surface microbial inactivation and seed stimulation useable in the agricultural and food industries. This review summarizes current information about characteristics of legume seeds and adult plants after NTP treatment in relation to the seed germination and seedling initial growth, surface microbial decontamination, seed wettability and metabolic activity in different plant growth stages. The information about 19 plant species in relation to the NTP treatment is summarized. Some important plant species as soybean (Glycine max), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), mung bean (Vigna radiata), black gram (V. mungo), pea (Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and chickpea (Cicer aruetinum) are discussed. Likevise, some less common plant species i.g. blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and mimosa (Mimosa pudica, M. caesalpiniafolia) are mentioned too. Possible promising trends in the use of plasma as a seed pre-packaging technique, a reduction in phytotoxic diseases transmitted by seeds and the effect on reducing dormancy of hard seeds are also pointed out.

Echinoderm skeletal crystallography and paleobiological applications

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Bodenbender
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Plate Morphology ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
High Level

The crystallographic orientations of echinoderm skeletal elements can supplement standard morphological comparisons in the exploration of echinoderm evolution. At a coarse scale, many echinoderms share a crystallographic pattern in whichcaxes radiate away from the axis of pentaradial symmetry. Within this common pattern, however,caxes of different taxa can differ dramatically in their degree of variability, angles of inclination, and relationships to the external morphology of skeletal elements. Crystallographic data reflect a variety of taxon-specific influences and therefore reveal different information in different taxa. In echinoids, orientations ofcaxes in coronal plates correlate well with high-level taxonomic groupings, whilecaxes of apical plates record modes of larval development. In blastoids,caxes of radial plates have a structural interpretation, with thecaxis oriented parallel to the orientation of the surface of the radial plate during its initial growth stages. In crinoids,caxes do not correlate with taxonomic group, plate morphology, or developmental sequence, but instead correlate with relative positions of skeletal elements on the calyx. Although their full potential has yet to be explored, the varied crystallographic patterns in echinoderms have been used to clarify skeletal structure, characterize developmental anomalies, and infer homologies of skeletal plates both within specimens and between groups. A axes are less constrained in their orientations thancaxes and offer less promise of revealing novel paleobiological information.

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