Infant mortality in three population-based cohorts in Southern Brazil: trends and differentials

We studied time trends in infant mortality and associated factors between three cohort studies carried out in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 1982, 1993, and 2004. All hospital births and deaths were determined by means of regular visits to hospitals, registrar's offices, and cemeteries. This data was used to calculate neonatal, post-neonatal, and infant mortality rates per thousand live births. Rates were also calculated according to cause of death, sex, birth weight, gestational age, and family income. The infant mortality rate fell from 36.4 per 1,000 live births in 1982 to 21.1 in 1993 and 19.4 in 2004. Major causes of infant mortality in 2004 were perinatal causes and respiratory infections. Mortality among low birth weight children from poor families fell 16% between 1993 and 2004; however, this rate increased by more than 100% among high-income families due to the increase in the number of preterm deliveries in this group. The stabilization of infant mortality in the last decade is likely to be due to excess medical interventions relating to pregnancies and delivery care.

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Mortality of children under one year of age in Russia: what has changed after the transition to the new definition of live birth and stillbirth

Демографическое обозрение ◽

10.17323/demreview.v1i5.3173 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 69-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ekaterina Kvasha

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Medical Statistics ◽

Live Births ◽

Structure And Dynamics ◽

Regional Aspect ◽

One Year ◽

Definition Of

Infant mortality in Russia has been decreasing for several decades. In 2011, however, Russia’s infant mortality rate reached a level (7.4 per 1000 live births) more than three times higher than in countries with minimal levels. In April 2012, Russia adopted new definitions of live births and stillbirths, which are much closer to the corresponding WHO definitions than those used before. The transition to these new definitions was meant to increase the rates of perinatal, early neonatal and infant mortality in general for children weighing up to 1000 grams – those concerned by the changed definition. This paper analyzes the changes in the structure and dynamics of death in children under one year of age since the transition to the new definitions of live births and stillbirths, according to birth weight and period of death based on official and medical statistics. It looks at the possibility of distortion of both infant and perinatal mortality and their components. Particular attention is given to an analysis of the structure of infant mortality by age and cause of death in Russia in comparison with other countries. The regional aspect of changes in infant mortality for 2011-2012 is also studied herein. The analysis is based on data from official and medical statistics.

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Regional Contribution of Previable Infant Deaths to Infant Mortality Rates in the United States

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1695014 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

MacKenzie Lee ◽

Eric S. Hall ◽

Meredith Taylor ◽

Emily A. DeFranco

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Infant Death ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Population Based ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Deaths ◽

Live Births ◽

Healthy People 2020

Objective Lack of standardization of infant mortality rate (IMR) calculation between regions in the United States makes comparisons potentially biased. This study aimed to quantify differences in the contribution of early previable live births (<20 weeks) to U.S. regional IMR. Study Design Population-based cohort study of all U.S. live births and infant deaths recorded between 2007 and 2014 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) WONDER database linked birth/infant death records (births from 17–47 weeks). Proportion of infant deaths attributable to births <20 vs. 20 to 47 weeks, and difference (ΔIMR) between reported and modified (births ≥20 weeks) IMRs were compared across four U.S. census regions (North, South, Midwest, and West). Results Percentages of infant deaths attributable to birth <20 weeks were 6.3, 6.3, 5.3, and 4.1% of total deaths for Northeast, Midwest, South, and West, respectively, p < 0.001. Contribution of < 20-week deaths to each region's IMR was 0.34, 0.42, 0.37, and 0.2 per 1,000 live births. Modified IMR yielded less regional variation with IMRs of 5.1, 6.2, 6.6, and 4.9 per 1,000 live births. Conclusion Live births at <20 weeks contribute significantly to IMR as all result in infant death. Standardization of gestational age cut-off results in more consistent IMRs among U.S. regions and would result in U.S. IMR rates exceeding the healthy people 2020 goal of 6.0 per 1,000 live births.

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First- and fifth-minute Apgar scores of 0–3 and infant mortality: a population-based study in São Paulo State of Brazil

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2014-0100 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ângela Cristina Viau ◽

Mandira Daripa Kawakami ◽

Monica La Porte Teixeira ◽

Bernadette Cunha Waldvogel ◽

Ruth Guinsburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

São Paulo ◽

Apgar Scores ◽

Live Births ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

AbstractTo determine the infant mortality of newborns with 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 0–3.Population cohort study with neonates with birth weight ≥400 g, gestational age ≥22 weeks and 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 0–3, without malformations, born in São Paulo State (Brazil) from January 2006 to December 2007. Apgar scores were confirmed in the original certificates of live births and/or medical records. During this period, among 1,027,132 live births, 1640 met the study criteria, with an incidence of 1.6 per 1000 live births. When the 5-min Apgar score was 0, 1, 2 and 3, the infant mortality rate was 97%, 94%, 64% and 47%, respectively. Risk factors associated with infant deaths were 5-min Apgar score of 0 or 1 [odds ratio (OR) 16.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.1–24.8], birth weight <2500 g (OR 7.5, 95% CI 5.7–9.8), birth at hospitals outside the state capital (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3), in private or charitable hospitals (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.0), and during the night shift (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.7).For infants with 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of 0–3, the infant mortality is high. Besides the biological variables associated with the chance of dying, the organization of the perinatal care influences the outcome.

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Infant mortality in the Federal District, Brazil: time trend and socioeconomic inequalities

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2007000400004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 767-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renata Alves Monteiro ◽

Bethsáida de Abreu Soares Schmitz

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Infant Health ◽

Family Income ◽

Federal District ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Live Births ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

National Capital

This study examined the trend in the infant mortality rate in the Federal District of Brazil (or Greater Metropolitan Brasilia, the national capital) from 1990 to 2000, analyzing the rate according to 5 administrative areas stratified by mean family income, from 1996 to 2000. An ecological time-series study was conducted using the Information Systems on Live Births and Mortality, produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The infant mortality rate (IMR) decreased by 45.2% from 1990 to 2000, from 26.3 per 1000 live births to 14.4, or a mean annual reduction of 5.34% (R² = 0.9397; p < 0.0001). During this period there was a higher proportion of neonatal deaths. However, a higher percentage change occurred in the post-neonatal period (-59.0%, R² = 0.8452, p < 0.0001). Investigation of the IMR in the various areas of the Federal District showed a reduction in differences among the regions with respect to the component rates; however, substantial disparities persisted in relation to the income variable. The results suggest the need for effective interventions in the determinants of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in order to improve maternal and infant health in all socioeconomic groups in the Federal District.

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DATA PELAYANAN OBSTETRI NEONATAL EMERGENSI KOMPREHENSIF (PONEK) DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU PERIODE JANUARI 2014 – JUNI 2015

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.4.1.2016.11036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Virginia R. Kaligis ◽

Joice M. M. Sondakh

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Head Position ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Premature Labor ◽

Live Births ◽

Care Services

Abstract: PONEK is the form of the efforts to provide services for mothers and newborns in an integrated manner. The goal of PONEK is to reduce Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Obstacles that slow the decline of MMR and IMR in Indonesia are barriers to the provision and access to emergency obstetric and neonatal care. This was a descriptive retrospective study. The most frequent type of labor is the spontaneous labor with back of the head position. Implementation of IMD (early initiation of breast-feeding) has not reached 100% because it is still focused on normal labor. PMK (kangaroo mother care) services has reached 100%, all BBLR (low birth weight) patients are treated with PMK. The most obstetric disease is premature labor. The most neonatal disease is caput succedaneum. MMR in 2014 was 298 deaths per 100.000 live births, until June 2015 increased 387 deaths per 100.000 live births. IMR for 2014 was 371 deaths per 1.000 live births, until June 2015 increased 453 deaths per 1.000 live births.Keyword: PONEKAbstrak: PONEK merupakan bentuk upaya penyediaan pelayanan bagi ibu dan bayi baru lahir secara terpadu. Tujuan PONEK adalah menurunkan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB). Kendala lambatnya penurunan AKI dan AKB di Indonesia adalah hambatan terhadap penyediaan dan akses pelayanan kegawatdaruratan obstetri dan neonatal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif. Jenis persalinan tersering adalah spontan letak belakang kepala. Pelaksanaan IMD belum mencapai 100% karena masih terfokus pada persalinan normal. Pelayanan PMK sudah mencapai 100% yaitu seluruh pasien BBLR yang dirawat dilakukan PMK. Penyakit kebidanan terbanyak adalah ancaman partus prematurus. Penyakit neonatal terbanyak adalah caput succedaneum. AKI tahun 2014 adalah 298 kematian per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, tahun 2015 sampai bulan Juni terjadi peningkatan 387 kematian per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. AKB selama tahun 2014 adalah 371 kematian per 1.000 kelahiran hidup, tahun 2015 sampai bulan Juni terjadi peningkatan 453 kematian per 1.000 kelahiran hidup.Kata kunci: PONEK

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Maternal age and parity associated with low birth weight infants

Gaceta Médica de Caracas - Supplement 1 ◽

10.47307/gmc.2021.129.s2.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 129 (s2) ◽

Author(s):

Intan Afifah ◽

Ninuk Dwi Ariningtyas ◽

Gina Noor Djalilah ◽

Muhammad Anas

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Live Births ◽

Infant Morbidity ◽

Very High

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants indicate infant morbidity and infant mortality rates. In Indonesia, the infant mortality rate is still very high, with 32 deaths per 1 000 live births. The purpose of this study is to prove a relationship between maternal age and parity with LBW infants.

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Pengaruh Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK) terhadap Pencegahan Hipotermi pada Bayi Baru Lahir

Jurnal Bidan Cerdas (JBC) ◽

10.33860/jbc.v2i2.56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 66-71

Author(s):

Parti ◽

Sumiati Malik ◽

Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Health Workers ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

P Value ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Before And After

Most causes of infant death are problems that occur in newborn/neonatal (0-28 days old), Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) is one of the factors which has a contribution to infant mortality, especially in the neonatal period. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is a benchmark in determining the degree of public health, both at the National and Provincial levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Kangaroo Mother Care Method (KMC) on the prevention of hypothermia in low birth weight infants at Morowali District Hospital in 2019. The type of research used was a quasi-experiment. The population is all low birth weight babies born from May to July 2019. The sample in this study was all newborns with low birth weight born from May to July 2019, totaling 30 babies. There is a difference (influence) on the baby's body temperature before and after KMC with a p-value=0,000. The kangaroo mother care can continue to be affiliated considering its benefits for both infants and mothers, as well as increasing the ability of health workers in conducting KMC so that they can provide in-house training for mothers to be carried out at home.

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Epidemiologic trends of infants with orofacial clefts in a multiethnic country: a retrospective population-based study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87229-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mimi Yow ◽

Aizhen Jin ◽

George Seow Heong Yeo

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Population Based ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Upward Trend ◽

And Gender ◽

Ethnicity And Gender

AbstractCleft births surveillance is essential in healthcare and prevention planning. Data are needed in precision medicine to target upstream management for at-risk individuals. This study characterizes Singapore’s population-based orofacial cleft topography by ethnicity and gender, and establishes the cleft cohort’s infant mortality rate. Data, in the decade 2003 to 2012, were extracted by the National Birth Defects Registry. Trend testing by linear regression was at p < 0.05 significance level. Prevalence per 10,000 for population-based cleft live births was 16.72 with no significant upward trend (p = 0.317). Prevalence rates were 8.77 in the isolated cleft group, 7.04 in the non-isolated cleft group, and 0.91 in the syndromic cleft group. There was significant upward trend in infants with non-isolated clefts (p = 0.0287). There were no significant upward trends in infants with isolated clefts and syndromic clefts. Prevalence rates were sexually dimorphic and ethnic-specific: male 17.72; female 15.78; Chinese group 17.17; Malay group 16.92; Indian group 10.74; and mixed ethnic origins group 21.73. The overall infant mortality rate (IMR) was 4.8% in the cohort of 608 cleft births, which was more than double the population-based IMR of 2.1% in the same period. Infants with non-isolated and syndromic clefts accounted for 96.6% of the deaths.

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Early initiation of breastfeeding at Dustira Hospital

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi55.3.2015.126-30 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Yoke Ayukarningsih ◽

Arief Dwinanda

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Success Rate ◽

Medical Records ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Vaginal Deliveries ◽

Preterm Group ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Background The infant mortality rate (IMR) in Indonesia is higher than that in other ASEAN countries. The highest rate of mortality occurs in the first 24 hours of life. Suboptimal breastfeeding initiation is a cause of high IMR. In an effort to decrease infant mortality, implementing early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) has been encouraged.Objective To assess the success rate and time needed for latching on in EIB implementation.Methods We reviewed medical records of vaginal deliveries at Dustira Hospital, Cimahi, West Java, from June–November 2011.Results From 305 vaginal deliveries, 174 infants received EIB, though only 159 medical records could be assessed. The results showed that 52 % did EIB with a 91.8% success rate (defined as good implementation by WHO) and a 8.2% fail rate. In terms of subjects’ birth weights, the success rate of EIB implementation was 62.5% in the low birth weight (LBW) group, 94.9% in the normal birth weight (NBW) group, and 100% in the large birth weight or macrosomic group. The success rate of EIB implementation was 69.2% in the preterm group and 93.8% in the full term group. The success rate of EIB implementation was 71.4% in the LBW/fullterm group and 55.6% in the LBW/preterm group. The amount of time for infants to latch on was highest within the 30–44 minute group (52.7%).Conclusion The EIB implementation at Dustira Hospital was classified as good and the amount of time to latch on was 30-44 minutes.

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Infant mortality: comparison between two birth cohorts from Southeast and Northeast, Brazil

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102004000600004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 773-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Valdinar S Ribeiro ◽

Antônio A M Silva ◽

Marco A Barbieri ◽

Heloisa Bettiol ◽

Vânia M F Aragão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births

OBJECTIVE: To obtain population estimates and profile risk factors for infant mortality in two birth cohorts and compare them among cities of different regions in Brazil. METHODS: In Ribeirão Preto, southeast Brazil, infant mortality was determined in a third of hospital live births (2,846 singleton deliveries) in 1994. In São Luís, northeast Brazil, data were obtained using systematic sampling of births stratified by maternity unit (2,443 singleton deliveries) in 1997-1998. Mothers answered standardized questionnaires shortly after delivery and information on infant deaths was retrieved from hospitals, registries and the States Health Secretarys' Office. The relative risk (RR) was estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: In São Luís, the infant mortality rate was 26.6/1,000 live births, the neonatal mortality rate was 18.4/1,000 and the post-neonatal mortality rate was 8.2/1,000, all higher than those observed in Ribeirão Preto (16.9, 10.9 and 6.0 per 1,000, respectively). Adjusted analysis revealed that previous stillbirths (RR=3.67 vs 4.13) and maternal age <18 years (RR=2.62 vs 2.59) were risk factors for infant mortality in the two cities. Inadequate prenatal care (RR=2.00) and male sex (RR=1.79) were risk factors in São Luís only, and a dwelling with 5 or more residents was a protective factor (RR=0.53). In Ribeirão Preto, maternal smoking was associated with infant mortality (RR=2.64). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to socioeconomic inequalities, differences in access to and quality of medical care between cities had an impact on infant mortality rates.

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