scholarly journals Infant mortality in the Federal District, Brazil: time trend and socioeconomic inequalities

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Alves Monteiro ◽  
Bethsáida de Abreu Soares Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
National Capital

This study examined the trend in the infant mortality rate in the Federal District of Brazil (or Greater Metropolitan Brasilia, the national capital) from 1990 to 2000, analyzing the rate according to 5 administrative areas stratified by mean family income, from 1996 to 2000. An ecological time-series study was conducted using the Information Systems on Live Births and Mortality, produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The infant mortality rate (IMR) decreased by 45.2% from 1990 to 2000, from 26.3 per 1000 live births to 14.4, or a mean annual reduction of 5.34% (R² = 0.9397; p < 0.0001). During this period there was a higher proportion of neonatal deaths. However, a higher percentage change occurred in the post-neonatal period (-59.0%, R² = 0.8452, p < 0.0001). Investigation of the IMR in the various areas of the Federal District showed a reduction in differences among the regions with respect to the component rates; however, substantial disparities persisted in relation to the income variable. The results suggest the need for effective interventions in the determinants of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in order to improve maternal and infant health in all socioeconomic groups in the Federal District.

scholarly journals Infant mortality: comparison between two birth cohorts from Southeast and Northeast, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdinar S Ribeiro ◽  
Antônio A M Silva ◽  
Marco A Barbieri ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Vânia M F Aragão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births

OBJECTIVE: To obtain population estimates and profile risk factors for infant mortality in two birth cohorts and compare them among cities of different regions in Brazil. METHODS: In Ribeirão Preto, southeast Brazil, infant mortality was determined in a third of hospital live births (2,846 singleton deliveries) in 1994. In São Luís, northeast Brazil, data were obtained using systematic sampling of births stratified by maternity unit (2,443 singleton deliveries) in 1997-1998. Mothers answered standardized questionnaires shortly after delivery and information on infant deaths was retrieved from hospitals, registries and the States Health Secretarys' Office. The relative risk (RR) was estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: In São Luís, the infant mortality rate was 26.6/1,000 live births, the neonatal mortality rate was 18.4/1,000 and the post-neonatal mortality rate was 8.2/1,000, all higher than those observed in Ribeirão Preto (16.9, 10.9 and 6.0 per 1,000, respectively). Adjusted analysis revealed that previous stillbirths (RR=3.67 vs 4.13) and maternal age <18 years (RR=2.62 vs 2.59) were risk factors for infant mortality in the two cities. Inadequate prenatal care (RR=2.00) and male sex (RR=1.79) were risk factors in São Luís only, and a dwelling with 5 or more residents was a protective factor (RR=0.53). In Ribeirão Preto, maternal smoking was associated with infant mortality (RR=2.64). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to socioeconomic inequalities, differences in access to and quality of medical care between cities had an impact on infant mortality rates.

scholarly journals Features of machine learning in the study of the main factors of development of countries of the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Ludmila Borisova ◽  
Galina Zhukova ◽  
Anna Kuznetsova ◽  
Julie Martin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
The World

The paper analyzes the socio-economic and demographic indicators of life expectancy in the countries of the world. Methods of regression analysis and machine learning are used. Statistically significant indicators that affect life expectancy around the world have been identified. When analyzing the data using machine learning methods, 13 of the 14 analyzed indicators were statistically significant. Significant indicators, in addition to those selected in the regression analysis, were 3: the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), the Net Barter Terms of Trade Index (2000 = 100), and Imports of goods and services (in % of GDP) (in the regression analysis, only the infant death rate was significant). In addition, it should be noted that there is a significant decrease in the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) for the EU, CIS and South-East Asian countries compared to the border set in the study for all countries: 4.65 vs. 34.9, a decrease in the birth rate from 2.785 to 1.85, a sharp increase in exports of goods and services: from 23.17 to 80.59, a halving in imports of goods and services, a drop in population growth from 2.105 to 0.85. The performed statistical analysis strongly supports the use of machine learning methods in identifying statistically significant relationships between various indicators that characterize the development of countries, if there are gaps in the data.

scholarly journals Smoke-free legislation and neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil: longitudinal quasi-experimental study

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-054923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hone ◽  
Andre Salem Szklo ◽  
Filippos T Filippidis ◽  
Anthony A Laverty ◽  
Isabela Sattamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of partial and comprehensive smoke-free legislation with neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil using a quasi-experimental study design.DesignMonthly longitudinal (panel) ecological study from January 2000 to December 2016.SettingAll Brazilian municipalities (n=5565).ParticipantsInfant populations.InterventionSmoke-free legislation in effect in each municipality and month. Legislation was encoded as basic (allowing smoking areas), partial (segregated smoking rooms) or comprehensive (no smoking in public buildings). Associations were quantified by immediate step and longer term slope/trend changes in outcomes.Statistical analysesMunicipal-level linear fixed-effects regression models.Main outcomes measuresInfant and neonatal mortality.ResultsImplementation of partial smoke-free legislation was associated with a −3.3 % (95% CI −6.2% to −0.4%) step reduction in the municipal infant mortality rate, but no step change in neonatal mortality. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation implementation was associated with −5.2 % (95% CI −8.3% to −2.1%) and −3.4 % (95% CI −6.7% to −0.1%) step reductions in infant and neonatal mortality, respectively, and a −0.36 (95% CI −0.66 to−0.06) annual decline in the infant mortality rate. We estimated that had all smoke-free legislation introduced since 2004 been comprehensive, an additional 10 091 infant deaths (95% CI 1196 to 21 761) could have been averted.ConclusionsStrengthening smoke-free legislation in Brazil is associated with improvements in infant health outcomes—particularly under comprehensive legislation. Governments should accelerate implementation of comprehensive smoke-free legislation to protect infant health and achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal three.

Infant Mortality Among Singletons and Twins in Japan During 1999–2008 on the Basis of Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi ◽  
Kazuo Hayakawa
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Live Births

The infant mortality rate (IMR) among single and twin births from 1999 to 2008 was analyzed using Japanese Vital Statistics. The IMR was 5.3-fold higher in twins than in singletons in 1999 and decreased to 3.9-fold in 2008. The reduced risk of infant mortality in twins relative to singletons may be related, partially, to survival rates, which improved after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin — twin transfusion syndrome. The proportion of neonatal deaths among total infant deaths was 54% for singletons and 74% for twins. Thus, intensive care of single and twin births may be very important during the first month of life to reduce the IMR. The IMR decreased as gestational age (GA) rose in singletons, whereas the IMR in twins decreased as GA rose until 37 weeks and increased thereafter. The IMR was significantly higher in twins than in singletons from the shortest GA (<24 weeks) to 28 weeks as well as ≥38 weeks, whereas the IMR was significantly higher in singletons than in twins from 30 to 36 weeks. As for maternal age, the early neonatal and neonatal mortality rates as well as the IMR in singletons were significantly higher in the youngest maternal age group than in the oldest one, whereas the opposite result was obtained in twins. The lowest IMR in singletons was 1.1 per 1,000 live births for ≥38 weeks of gestation and heaviest birth weight (≥2,000 g), while the lowest IMR in twins was 1.8 at 37 weeks and ≥2,000 g.

scholarly journals Mortality of children under one year of age in Russia: what has changed after the transition to the new definition of live birth and stillbirth

2015 ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kvasha
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Medical Statistics ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
One Year ◽  
Definition Of

Infant mortality in Russia has been decreasing for several decades. In 2011, however, Russia’s infant mortality rate reached a level (7.4 per 1000 live births) more than three times higher than in countries with minimal levels. In April 2012, Russia adopted new definitions of live births and stillbirths, which are much closer to the corresponding WHO definitions than those used before. The transition to these new definitions was meant to increase the rates of perinatal, early neonatal and infant mortality in general for children weighing up to 1000 grams – those concerned by the changed definition. This paper analyzes the changes in the structure and dynamics of death in children under one year of age since the transition to the new definitions of live births and stillbirths, according to birth weight and period of death based on official and medical statistics. It looks at the possibility of distortion of both infant and perinatal mortality and their components. Particular attention is given to an analysis of the structure of infant mortality by age and cause of death in Russia in comparison with other countries. The regional aspect of changes in infant mortality for 2011-2012 is also studied herein. The analysis is based on data from official and medical statistics.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Ibu Kaitannya Dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supiati Supiati
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Age, Parity, Incidence of LBW. One indicator to determine the degree of public health is the infant mortality rate (IMR). Infant mortality rate in Indonesia is still relatively high, which recorded 31 per 1,000 live births in 2008. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal age and parity with LBW in the Maternity Hospital (RB) Juweni Village Pandes Wedi Klaten This study uses descriptive analytic correlation with retrospective approach. The study population all mothers delivered in January 2011-September 2012 with a total population of 142 mothers. The study was conducted in October 2012. The results of the study obtained the highest maternal age age is not at risk of 124 respondents (87.3%), most mothers Parity multi 75 respondents (52.8%), the highest incidence of low birth weight is not 133 respondents (93.7% ). It can be concluded that there is no relationship between the age of mothers with LBW and there is no relationship between the parity of mothers with LBW.

scholarly journals Analisis Hubungan Faktor Internal Dan Eksternal Dengan Kinerja Bidan Desa Dalam Deteksi Dini Dan Penanganan Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) di Kabupaten Grobogan Tahun 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Rosmala Kurnia Dewi ◽  
Sri Achadi Nugraheni ◽  
Ayun Sriatmi
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Leader Support ◽  
Health Centres

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is one of the causes of maternal and infant mortality indirectly. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Grobogan District increased gradually during the period of 2011 – 2012 from 26 cases (114.03/100,000 live births) to 34 cases (151.15/100,000 live births), and decreased sharply to be 22 cases (102.03/100,000 live births) in 2013. Meanwhile, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) was 194 cases in 2011, rose dramatically in 2012 to be 240 cases, and declined sharply in 2013 to be 166 cases. Low Birthweight Babies (LBWB) was one of the causes of infant mortality because pregnant women suffered from CED during their pregnancies. The aim of this study was to analyse internal and external factors with performance of village midwives in conducting early detection and handling pregnant women with CED. This was an observational-analytic study using cross-sectional approach. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Population was 243 village midwives at health centres in Grobogan District. As many as 71 village midwives were selected randomly using a technique of stratified random sampling. Data were analysed using analyses of bivariate (chi square test) and multivariate (logistic regression test). The results of this research showed that most of the respondents aged ranging from 20-35 years old (76.1%), had working period less than or equal to 6 years (53.5%), ever handled CED (81.7%). Variables of health facilities (p=0.001), fellow worker support (p=0.016), community support (p=0.001), leader support (p=0.0001) had significant relationship with the performance of village midwives in conducting early detection of pregnant women with CED. Factors jointly influencing the performance were health facilities (p=0.000; Exp(B)=25.395), and leader support (p=0.001; Exp(B)=10.278). As suggestions, health centres and District Health Office need to provide complete health facilities to improve performance of health workers in providing services.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of under-five mortality in rural Agra

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3108
Author(s):  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Srivastava ◽  
S. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Live Births

Background: One of the most important indicator or index of socio-economic development of a country or region is infant mortality rate. The present study was undertaken to assess the quantum of childhood mortality and to find out the social factors associated with these deaths by verbal autopsies. Methods: This one year cross-sectional study was undertaken in a purposively selected community Development Block Sainyan, district Agra among children aged between 0-5 years using multistage random sampling technique. Suitable statistical methods were applied. Results: Out of total 8355 families surveyed, a total of 185 deaths were reported among children. Number of deaths was higher among those belonging to nuclear family and lower socioeconomic status. The neonatal mortality rate was estimated to be 33.55/1000 live births. The post neonatal mortality rate was found to be 40.78/1000 live births and infant mortality rate was 74.33/1000 live births. Mortality rate in 1-5 year age group children was 10.6/1000 same age group children, while 0-5 yrs. mortality was estimated to be 22.39/1000 children of same age group. Out of 185 children who died, 52.7% were unimmunized and another 35.67% were partially immunized. Conclusions: Female education and socioeconomic well-being should be strengthened. 

scholarly journals The comparing of infant mortality rate in different World Health Organization regions during 1990–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firooz Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Yousef Alimohamadi ◽  
Mojtaba Sepandi ◽  
Farzad Khodamoradi ◽  
Parisa Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
Community Health Status

Abstract Background Infant mortality rate is an important index of community health status and mortality rate. It is also one of the most prominent indexes showing the development of various societies. Regarding the importance of infant mortality rate (IMR), the purpose of current study was to compare and trend analysis of IMR in different areas of the WHO during 1990–2017. In current ecological study, IMR per 1000 live births in different WHO regions from 1990 to 2017 data were derived from the WHO website. The required information included the data about IMR per 1000 live births in different WHO regions from 1990 to 2017. The analysis was performed by using descriptive and analytical methods. Results The IMR during the study period had a significant decreasing trend in all the regions (p < 0.001) but the slope of decrease was greater in Africa than in other regions. The African and European regions had the highest (55.7%) and lowest (17.2%) annual decrease in the infant mortality rate (from 106.3 cases in 1990 to 50.6 in 2017, and from 24.9 in 1990 to 7.7 in 2017), respectively. Conclusion Our results showed that the trend of IMR had a decreasing trend in all WHO regions. It can be due to improving the public health situation in different areas. But the identification of effective factors on IMR needs individuals based studies.

ASUHAN KEBIDANAN BAYI BARU LAHIR PADA BAYI NY. S USIA 1 HARI DENGAN CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM DI RUMAH SAKIT ELISABETH LUBUK BAJA BATAM DESEMBER TAHUN 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Putri Miseri Cordias Domini Hulu ◽  
Oktafiana Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Health Organization

According to Word Health Organization (WHO) data, infant mortality caused by Succedaneum Caput infection decreased by 0.05% from 4 million infants who died at 30 days (advanced neonatal). While in Indonesia the infant mortality rate due to infection of Caput succedaneum in 2013 amounted to 11% from 35 per 1000 live births. Goals: To have real experience in implementing Care of Newborn Gynecology Born on By. Mrs. S age of 1 day with Caput Succedaneum at Santa Elisabeth Lubuk Baja Batam Hospital in 2017. Method: Based on a case study on By. Mrs. S, the method uses Varney Midwifery Management approach, for data collection that is primary data consisting of physical examination include examination of caput extension, general condition, vital signs, and anthropometry. Result: Based on By case. Mrs. S with Caput Succedaneum performed handling and treatment for 4 days at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Batam. After the treatment of Caput Succedaneum and giving 20 gram Trombophop gel therapy, the baby's condition has improved and the caput problem has been resolved. Conclusion: Based on By case. Mrs. S after the management of Succedaneum Caput and minimize the removal of baby's head, the baby's condition has improved.

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