scholarly journals Biological and environmental factors associated with risk of schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onicio Batista Leal Neto ◽  
Elainne Christine de Souza Gomes ◽  
Fernando José Moreira de Oliveira Junior ◽  
Rafael Andrade ◽  
Diego Leandro Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Host Snail ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Snail Density ◽  
One Year ◽  
Transmission Foci

Schistosomiasis has expanded to the coast of Pernambuco State, Brazil, where there are frequent reports of Biomphalaria glabrata snails and human cases of the disease. This study analyzes factors related to schistosomiasis transmission risk in Porto de Galinhas. A one-year malacological survey was conducted to identify biological, abiotic, and environmental factors related to the host snail breeding sites. Data analysis used Excel 2010, GTM Pro, and ArcGis 10. A total of 11,012 B. glabrata snails were captured in 36 breeding sites, and 11 schistosomiasis transmission foci were identified. A negative correlation was found between breeding site temperature and snail density and infection rate, and a positive correlation with pH and salinity. The rainy season showed a positive correlation with snail density and infection rate. The study emphasizes the factors involved in the maintenance of schistosomiasis breeding sites, in light of persistence of this disease in Porto de Galinhas for more than 10 years.

scholarly journals Seasonal Influence on The Occurrence of Haemonchus contortus Infection in Slaughtered Black Bengal Goats in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shahiduzzaman ◽  
MA Alim ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
MMH Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Seasonal Influence ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
One Year ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

Seasonal influence on the occurrence of Haemonchus contortus parasite was studied on 672 slaughtered Black Bengal goats during one year period from July 2002 to June 2003. An overall 65.63% goats had H. contortus infection and significantly (p < 0.01) higher infection rate was recorded in female (70.43%) than male (58.61%) goats. A positive correlation between the occurrence of H. contortus infection and climatic factors was recorded. Significantly (p < 0.01) highest infection rate of H. contortus was recorded during rainy (72.57 %) season in comparison to summer (66.46%) and winter (51.54%) seasons. The infection was recorded at the peak in July (84.42%) and lowest in January (46.15%). The load of H. contortus per abomasum varied significantly (p < 0.05) in different months of the year and an average maximum number of parasites per abomasum was recorded in July (41.25) and the minimum in March (5.52). In case of sex ratio of the parasites always the female (60.73%) were found to be dominated over the males (39.27%) parasites.     Key words: Seasonal influence; Haemonchus contortus; Black Bengal goat; Bangladesh DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v1i1.1917 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2003). 1(1) : 45 - 48

scholarly journals Phytodiversity in Relation to Some Environmental Factors Of Some Wetland Habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094
Author(s):  
Md Almujaddade Alfasane ◽  
Safia Parveen ◽  
Naheed Mansoor ◽  
Mahmoud Moustafa ◽  
Ahmed Al Emam
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
One Year ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Wetland Habitats ◽  
Temperature Water

The present research work was carried out on phytodiversity in relation to some environmental factors of three ponds namely, Pond-1, Pond-2 and Pond-3 of Zanjira upazila at Shariatpur district, Bangladesh where a total of 13 parameters were measured for one year. Monthly average different parameters of three ponds varied : air temperature from 23.5-36.50˚  C, water temperature 21-30.50 ˚  C,pH 7.10-8.50, TDS 55-227 mg/l, EC 103-463 μS/cm, DO 2.90-19.94 mg/l, alkalinity 0.73-5.40 meq/l, SRP 7.11-229.84 μg/l, SRS0.84-13.34 mg/l, NO3-N0.02-0.96 mg/l, chla1. 18-31.97 μg/l, phaeopigment 0.26-5.46 μg/l and phytoplankton density 6.50-119.50×106 ind/l. The total number of 122 species of phytoplankton were recorded in the studied ponds. Phytoplankton density showed positive correlation with air temperature, water temperature, pH, TDS, EC, alkalinity and SRP for Pond-1. Phytoplankton density showed positive correlation with pH, TDS, EC, DO and alkalinity for Pond-2. On the other hand phytoplankton density of Pond-3 showed positive correlation with air temperature, water temperature, TDS, EC, alkalinity, SRP, SRS, NO3-N and chlorophyll-a. During the period of present investigation some aquatic plants were found to grow in those shallow margins of the studied three ponds. Results indicated that Pond-1 is in a position undergoing eutrophic status, Pond-2 and Pond-3 are in the oligotrophic status. If the anthropogenic disturbances are continued in these ponds, it is likely that in near future these ponds would turn to eutrophic. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1087-1094, 2021 (December)

Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Goats from Central Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Bahreh ◽  
Bahador Hajimohammadi ◽  
Gilda Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
One Year ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Abstract Objective Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, infects humans by consuming infected raw or undercooked meat and foods harboring mature oocysts. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats coming from central Iran. After completing the questionnaire, about one gram of liver or diaphragm tissue was taken as a sample from 90 sheep and 90 goats slaughtered in Yazd Province and stored at – 20 ºC. DNA extraction was done, and then T. gondii was detected using nested PCR. Results This study indicated that the prevalence of T. gondii in all slaughtered animals was 11.6% (21 of 180), including 14.4% (13/90) in sheep and 8.8% (8/90) in goats. The infection rates in liver and diaphragm samples were 12.2% (11/90) and 11.1% (10/90), respectively (p = 0.8163). The infection rate in animals older than one was 16.3% (15/92), and it was 6.8% (6/88) in animals under one year of age. Therefore, no significant differences were found (p = 0.475). Infection rates were 19.5% (18/92) in males and 3.4% (3/88) in females (p = 0.0007). In conclusion, the infection rates of toxoplasmosis in livestock in this area are almost high, and therefore, it is necessary to design appropriate prevention programs to control the disease.

scholarly journals Recruitment, Dispersal, and Demographic Rescue in Spatially-Structured White-Tailed Ptarmigan Populations

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Martin ◽  
Peter B. Stacey ◽  
Clait E. Braun
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Stochastic Conditions ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
Regular Event ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

Abstract We studied recruitment and dispersal of White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) breeding in naturally fragmented alpine habitats at four study sites in Colorado from 1987–1998. Almost all recruitment for both sexes, particularly females, was of birds produced outside local populations and also external to nearby studied populations. Populations were more dependent on female recruitment than on male recruitment to sustain them, and patterns of recruitment were not correlated with local survival of adults or production of young the previous year, except at one site for females. Over 95% of recruits were yearlings. Breeding dispersal of adults, an infrequent but regular event, was also important to inter-population connectivity. Our data for multiple populations allowed us to describe movement patterns among populations to assess consistency with conditions required for a rescue system. After widespread reproductive failure in one year, we expected all populations the next year would have low recruitment due to a reduced supply of recruits produced in the region. Recruitment was low, but impact varied among populations. We conducted an over-winter study of radio-marked offspring to determine possible influences of winter site location and relatives on recruitment patterns. Contrary to expectation, offspring remained on or near breeding sites in winter, but were not located near their mothers or siblings. Recruitment location was related to winter site location. White-tailed Ptarmigan exhibit a well developed capacity for external recruitment that allows them to persist in small populations with stochastic conditions for breeding and survival. Extensive external recruitment may be a general pattern for birds.

scholarly journals Relationship between Nutrient Intake and Human Gut Microbiota in Monozygotic Twins

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Natsuko Matsumoto ◽  
Jonguk Park ◽  
Rie Tomizawa ◽  
Hitoshi Kawashima ◽  
Koji Hosomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

Background and Objectives: The gut microbiota is associated with human health and dietary nutrition. Various studies have been reported in this regard, but it is difficult to clearly analyze human gut microbiota as individual differences are significant. The causes of these individual differences in intestinal microflora are genetic and/or environmental. In this study, we focused on differences between identical twins in Japan to clarify the effects of nutrients consumed on the entire gut microbiome, while excluding genetic differences. Materials and Methods: We selected healthy Japanese monozygotic twins for the study and confirmed their zygosity by matching 15 short tandem repeat loci. Their fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to identify and compare the fluctuations in intestinal bacteria. Results: We identified 12 genera sensitive to environmental factors, and found that Lactobacillus was relatively unaffected by environmental factors. Moreover, we identified protein, fat, and some nutrient intake that can affect 12 genera, which have been identified to be more sensitive to environmental factors. Among the 12 genera, Bacteroides had a positive correlation with retinol equivalent intake (rs = 0.38), Lachnospira had a significantly negative correlation with protein, sodium, iron, vitamin D, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intake (rs = −0.38, −0.41, −0.39, −0.63, −0.42, −0.49, respectively), Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group had a positive correlation with fat intake (rs = 0.39), and Lachnospiraceae UCG-008 group had a negative correlation with the saturated fatty acid intake (rs = −0.45). Conclusions: Our study is the first to focus on the relationship between human gut microbiota and nutrient intake using samples from Japanese twins to exclude the effects of genetic factors. These findings will broaden our understanding of the more intuitive relationship between nutrient intake and the gut microbiota and can be a useful basis for finding useful biomarkers that contribute to human health.

scholarly journals Indirect drivers of plant diversity-productivity relationship in semiarid sandy grasslands

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. A. Zuo ◽  
J. M. H. Knops ◽  
X. Y. Zhao ◽  
H. L. Zhao ◽  
T. H. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Sandy Grasslands

Abstract. Although patterns between plant diversity and ecosystem productivity have been much studied, a consistent relationship has not yet emerged. Differing patterns between plant diversity and productivity have been observed in response to spatial variability of environmental factors and vegetation composition. In this study, we measured vegetation cover, plant diversity, productivity, soil properties and site characteristics along an environmental gradient (mobile dune, semi-fixed dune, fixed dune, dry meadow, wet meadow and flood plain grasslands) of natural sandy grasslands in semiarid areas of northern China. We used multivariate analysis to examine the relationships between environmental factors, vegetation composition, plant diversity and productivity. We found a positive correlation between plant diversity and productivity. Vegetation composition aggregated by the ordination technique of non-metric multidimensional scaling had also a significantly positive correlation with plant diversity and productivity. Environmental gradients in relation to soil and topography affected the distribution patterns of vegetation composition, species diversity and productivity. However, environmental gradients were a better determinant of vegetation composition and productivity than of plant diversity. Structural equation modeling suggested that environmental factors determine vegetation composition, which in turn independently drives both plant diversity and productivity. Thus, the positive correlation between plant diversity and productivity is indirectly driven by vegetation composition, which is determined by environmental gradients in soil and topography.

scholarly journals Assessing the relationship between environmental factors and malaria vector breeding sites in Swaziland using multi-scale remotely sensed data

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabelo Nick Dlamini ◽  
Jonas Franke ◽  
Penelope Vounatsou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Many entomological studies have analyzed remotely sensed data to assess the relationship between malaria vector distribution and the associated environmental factors. However, the high cost of remotely sensed products with high spatial resolution has often resulted in analyses being conducted at coarse scales using open-source, archived remotely sensed data. In the present study, spatial prediction of potential breeding sites based on multi-scale remotely sensed information in conjunction with entomological data with special reference to presence or absence of larvae was realized. Selected water bodies were tested for mosquito larvae using the larva scooping method, and the results were compared with data on land cover, rainfall, land surface temperature (LST) and altitude presented with high spatial resolution. To assess which environmental factors best predict larval presence or absence, Decision Tree methodology and logistic regression techniques were applied. Both approaches showed that some environmental predictors can reliably distinguish between the two alternatives (existence and non-existence of larvae). For example, the results suggest that larvae are mainly present in very small water pools related to human activities, such as subsistence farming that were also found to be the major determinant for vector breeding. Rainfall, LST and altitude, on the other hand, were less useful as a basis for mapping the distribution of breeding sites. In conclusion, we found that models linking presence of larvae with high-resolution land use have good predictive ability of identifying potential breeding sites.

scholarly journals Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

scholarly journals Higher Mortality and Infection Rate in a Region or Country Suggest a Longer Time of COVID-19 Disease Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshu Gu ◽  
Lan Yao ◽  
Tong Sun ◽  
Sara W. Day ◽  
Scott C. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Death ◽  
R Value

Abstract In view of the fact that the 2019-nCoV has spread to most countries in the world, it is necessary to make scientific and well-founded predictions of the current pandemic situation caused by the virus worldwide, which are conducive to public, social and government responses that mitigate and appropriately address the pandemic. We collected data from provinces with more than 200 cases in China and from eight other countries. Our analyses showed that the disease duration has no correlation with the number of patients, with r = 0.184. The number of deaths was not correlated to the disease duration, with r = 0.242. However, a positive correlation between the days of disease duration and infection rate, with a r = 0.626. Furthermore, there is a strong positive correlation between the disease duration and total death rate, with a r = 0.707. Using death rate of first 25 days, we obtained a positive relationship with a r value of 0.597. Based on the data from first 25 days, the minimum and maximum days of COVID-19 pandemic duration of eight countries was estimated between days of 37 and 114 days.

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