Analysis of the physical activity effects and measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines in irradiated lungs in rats

PURPOSE: To study if the pre-radiotherapy physical activity has radio-protective elements, by measuring the radio-induced activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as interleukin-6 (il-6), transforming growth factor -β (tgf -β), tumor necrosis factor -α (tnf-α) and protein beta kinase β (ikkβ), through western blotting analysis. METHODS: A randomized study with 28 Wistar hannover rats, males, with a mean age of 90 days and weighing about 200 grams. The animals were divided into three groups: (GI, GII and GIII). GIII group were submitted to swimming for eight weeks (zero load, three times a week, about 30 minutes). Then, the groups (except the control group) were submitted to irradiation by cobalt therapy, single dose of 3.5 gray in the whole body. All animals were sacrificed by overdose of pentobarbital, according to the time for analysis of cytokines, and then a fragment of the lower lobe of the right lung went to western blotting analysis. RESULTS: The cytokines IKK β, TNF-α and IL-6 induced by radiation in the lung were lower in the exercised animals. However, exercise did not alter the radiation-induced increase in tgf-β. CONCLUSION: The results show a lower response in relation to inflammatory cytokines in the group that practiced the exercise pre-radiotherapy, showing that exercise can protect tissues from tissue damage due to irradiation.

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Effects of topical mechanical stability on the formation of Masquelet membrane in a rabbit radial defect model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76112-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Xie ◽

Donghao Liu ◽

Haoyi Wang ◽

Haitao Long ◽

Yong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Blotting ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Mechanical Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Rigid Fixation ◽

X Ray ◽

Western Blotting Analysis ◽

Blotting Analysis ◽

Fixation Group ◽

Masquelet Technique

Abstract The exact mechanism of Masquelet technique is unknown. This study intends to explore the effects of topical mechanical stability on the formation of Masquelet membrane. Segmental radius shaft defect was created in all rabbits, which were filled with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in Non-fixation group, and with PMMA fixed with plates in Fixation group, and subjected to no disposal in control group. The topical stability of PMMA and plates were monitored via X-ray and mechanical test. And the membranes were excised for further Histological, IHC and Western-Blotting analysis 4 and 6 weeks post-operatively. X-ray revealed no sign of plates loosening, or shift of PMMA. Mechanical tests revealed superior topical stability by plates. Pathological examinations suggested that vascularized and osteogenic membranes were formed around PMMA. IHC and Western-Blotting analysis revealed that both Fixation and Non-fixation group exerted significant effects on the expression of Ki67, COL I, and CD31 positive cells, as well as the protein expression of osteogenic (RUNX2, ALP) and angiogenic (VEGFA, TGF-β1) factors. And compared with membrane in Non-fixation group, Fixing PMMA spacer with plates caused a significant increase in osteogenic and angiogenic expression. This study indicates that rigid fixation provided by plate in Masquelet technique positively alters the quality of membrane formed surrounding PMMA, in terms of significantly osteogenic and angiogenic potential.

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The Expression of Human Leukocyte Formin Protein, a New Protein That Associates with AKT, Is Correlated with the Expression of ZAP-70 in CLL.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.1918.1918 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 1918-1918

Author(s):

Patricia M.B. Favaro ◽

Samuel S. Medina ◽

Fabiola Traina ◽

Gislaine B. Oliveira ◽

Irene L. Metze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Marker ◽

Western Blotting ◽

Expression Vector ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Control Group ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

Western Blotting Analysis ◽

Blotting Analysis ◽

Spearman Test ◽

New Protein

Abstract Recently, we have cloned a new human gene (GenBank Accession No. AY278319), belonging to the formin family. This new gene, called for us human leukocyte formin, presents the common domains found in formin-related proteins: FH1, FH2 and FH3 domains. Western Blotting analysis has demonstrated that the protein encoded by this gene is overexpressed in lymphoid malignancies and cancer cell lines. Based on this pattern of expression, our objective was to investigate the expression of human leukocyte formin protein, by Western blotting analysis, in mononuclear cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, isolated on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. We studied 18 CLL patients with median age of 65 y.o. (range, 45 to 86) out of treatment for at least three months (Rai 0 n=8; Rai 1 n=6; Rai 2 n=1; Rai3 n=1; Rai 4 n=2). As normal control we used 6 blood donors. Our data showed an overexpression of the human leukocyte formin in the CLL group when compared with the control group (p= 0.0354), as well as a positive correlation of this protein and ZAP-70 in the CLL group (Spearman test, p= 0.0107). The expression of ZAP-70 has been associated with rapid progression and poor survival and can be used as a prognostic marker. Previously we had described that human leukocyte formin protein associates with Akt, a critical survival regulator in many different cell types. The association was observed in a protein extract of Jurkat cell line and in peripheral blood leukocytes from CLL patients. In an attempt to confirm the association between Akt and human leukocyte formin, we performed cotransfections in 293 cells using an expression vector pEGFP containing FH2 or FH3 domains, and an expression vector of pCMV-HA containing the full length of Akt. The results showed that both FH2 and FH3 domains are involved in the association with Akt. The correlation of human leukocyte formin and ZAP-70 expression, and the association of human leukocyte formin protein with Akt suggest that this new protein may be involved in the signaling pathway of leukemia cell survival and is possibly a new prognostic marker.

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Influence of hyperthyroidism on hepatic antioxidants and cytokines Levels: An Experimental Study

Medical Science and Discovery ◽

10.36472/msd.v7i3.362 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 439-444

Author(s):

Nurten Bahtiyar ◽

Aysun Yoldaş ◽

Birsen Aydemir ◽

Selmin Toplan

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Control Group ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Tissue Homogenates ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Liver Tissues

Objective: Thyroid diseases greatly affect the liver. Hyperthyroidism can affect the function of the liver. This study aimed to investigate the possible change of antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in liver tissue in hyperthyroid rats. Material and Methods: This study was carried out with 2 experimental groups. Hyperthyroid group was fed with 4 mg/kg L-thyroxine added standard fodder. Control group was fed with standard rat fodder. Liver selenium (Se) levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The antioxidant markers such as Selenoprotein P (SelP), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-18, and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were studied in liver tissues by ELISA. All markers levels of liver samples were measured in tissue homogenates. Results: Se, SelP, and GPx levels of the hyperthyroidism group were lower than the control group. (p=0.038, p=0.046, p=0.008 respectively). There was a significant increase in IL-18 and TNF-α levels in hyperthyroidism group when compared to control group (p=0.002, p=0.023 respectively). There was positive correlation between FT3 and FT4, IL-18 and TNF-α (r=0.761, r=0.843, and r=0.826 respectively), but there was negative correlation between FT3 and Se, SelP, and GPx (r=-0.833, r=-0.754, and r=-0.778 respectively). Conclusion: Our findings showed that antioxidant marker levels were decreased, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were increased in liver tissues of hyperthyroid rats. These findings suggest that impaired antioxidant and pro-inflammatory status may play a role in liver pathogenesis due to hyperthyroidism.

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The effect of zinc supplementation on pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 AND IL-6) in mice with Escherichia coli LPS-induced diarrhea

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v11i5.1960 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sulaiman Yusuf ◽

Yati Soenarto ◽

Muhammad Juffrie ◽

Wiryatun Lestariana

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Zinc Supplementation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Once Daily ◽

E Coli ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background and Objectives: Inflammation in the intestine causes diarrhea due to an increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. These are triggered by the exposure of E. coli-LPS to epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa as well as low concentration of zinc in plasma such as in infants or children who are experiencing diarrhea. This paper aims to determine the effects of zinc supplementation on pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6) in mice with E. coli-LPS-induced diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This study used a controlled trial experimental design in the laboratory. A sample size of 20 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) Control group was given standard foods, 2) Trial group was given E. coli-LPS 2.5 mg/kg/oral once on day1, 3) Prevention group was given E. coli-LPS + 30 mg/kg/oral of zinc once daily for 12 days, 4) Therapeutic group was given E. coli-LPS, and were then given 30 mg/kg/oral of zinc once daily for 12 days if diarrhea occurred. Blood samples of mice were taken through the orbital sinus on the 0, 5th, 10th hour, and on the 4th, 8th and 12th days. Results: Positive effects of zinc supplementation on levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed, in which the higher levels of zinc were present, the lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α were observed. However, there was an increase of IL-1 and IL-6 levels on the 8th day in the prevention and therapeutic groups. Conclusion: Oral zinc supplementation had a significant positive effect on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Where there were higher levels of zinc, lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α were present.

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Inflammatory marker changes in a 24-month dietary and physical activity randomised intervention trial in postmenopausal women

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78796-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

G. Masala ◽

B. Bendinelli ◽

C. Della Bella ◽

M. Assedi ◽

S. Tapinassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Breast Density ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Age Related ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractChronic low-grade inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases including cancer. Physical activity (PA) and diet have been supposed to modulate inflammatory markers. We evaluated the effects of a 24-month dietary and/or PA intervention on plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a secondary analysis in the DAMA factorial trial. The 234 study participants (healthy postmenopausal women with high breast density, 50–69 years, non smokers, no hormone therapy) were randomised to four arms: (1) isocaloric dietary intervention mainly based on plant-foods; (2) moderate-intensity PA intervention with at least 1 h/week of supervised strenuous activity; (3) both interventions; (4) general recommendations on healthy dietary and PA patterns. Interleukins (IL)-1α, -1β, -6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Intention-to-treat-analyses were carried out using Tobit regression. Although all cytokines tended to increase over time, after 24 months women in the PA intervention (arms 2 + 3) showed lower levels of IL-1α (exp(β) = 0.66; p = 0.04) and IL-6 (exp(β) = 0.70; p = 0.01) in comparison with women in the control group (arms 1 + 4). No effects of the dietary intervention emerged. In healthy postmenopausal women with high breast density a moderate-intensity PA appears to slow the age-related increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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miR-150 and SRPK1 regulate AKT3 expression to participate in LPS-induced inflammatory response

Innate Immunity ◽

10.1177/17534259211018800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 343-350

Author(s):

Yanfen Yao ◽

Hong Wang ◽

Xueqin Xi ◽

Wei Sun ◽

Junke Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Sr Protein ◽

Over Expression ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Potential Factor ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

miR-150 was found to target the 3′-untranslated regions of AKT3, and the AKT pathway was affected by SR protein kinase 1 (SRPK1). However, the expression and significance of miR-150, AKT3 and SRPK1 in acute lung injury (ALI) were not clear. Here, we found that the expression of miR-150 was significantly reduced, while the expression of AKT3 and SRPK1 were markedly increased in LPS-treated A549, THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells. miR-150 significantly decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, reduced the expression of AKT3, but had no impact on SRPK1 expression compared with the control group in LPS-treated A549, THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells. AKT3 silencing only reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and showed no effect on miR-150 and SRPK1 expression. Finally, we observed that miR-150 mimics and/or silencing of SRPK1 decreased the expression of AKT3 mRNA. Besides, over-expression of miR-150 or silencing of SRPK1 also reduced the expression of AKT3 protein, which exhibited the lowest level in the miR-150 mimics plus si-SRPK1 group. However, si-SRPK1 had no effect on miR-150 level. In conclusion, miR-150 and SRPK1 separately and cooperatively participate into inflammatory responses in ALI through regulating AKT3 pathway. Increased miR-150 and silenced SRPK1 may be a novel potential factor for preventing and treating more inflammatory lung diseases.

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Expression of proinflammatory cytokines in stable angina

Cardiosomatics ◽

10.26442/cs44997 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23

Author(s):

A. N Zakirova ◽

N. E Zakirova

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Functional Class ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Increase ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Healthy Persons ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Objective: to evaluate the severity of immuno-inflammatory responses under stable stenocardia in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Patients and intervention: the study included 83 patients suffering from IHD. Among them 30 cases were diagnosed as functional class (FC)-II stenocardia, 27 cases as FC-III stenocardia and 26 cases as FC-IV stenocardia. The control group included 25 healthy persons. For characterizing the immuno-inflammatory responses we examined the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines by the immunoenzymic procedure. Results: FC-II stenocardia showed normal levels of CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines. FC-III stenocardia was associated with a moderate increase in markers of an inflammation. FC-IV stenocardia was characterized by maximum levels of CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion. The intensity of immuno-inflammatory responses depends on more or less serious course of stenocardia in patients with IHD.

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Release of HMGB1 in Podocytes Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2021/5220226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Zhao Gao ◽

Li Lu ◽

Xinghua Chen

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Western Blotting ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

High Mobility ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Control Group ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Western Blotting Analysis ◽

Blotting Analysis ◽

Lps Challenge

Objective. Acute kidney injury (AKI) usually occurs during sepsis. Inflammation factors, such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), are dramatically upregulated under septic conditions. In our current work, the functions of HMGB1 in AKI were explored. Methods. An AKI model was induced by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in C57 mice. Podocytes were challenged by LPS for different durations. Subsequently, podocytes transfected with HMGB1 siRNA were exposed to LPS for 24 h. The expressions of supernatant HMGB1 and cellular active caspase-3 were examined by Western blotting analysis. To explore the effect of HMGB1 on tubular epithelial cells (TECs), HK-2 cells were exposed to HMGB1 at various concentrations for 24 h. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HK-2 cells was evaluated by Western blotting analysis. Mitochondrial division and apoptosis of HK-2 cells were assessed by MitoTracker Red and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Results. Compared with the sham control group, the expression of HMGB1 was increased in the kidney of AKI mice. Moreover, the expression of supernatant HMGB1 was increased in LPS-challenged podocytes compared with the control group. Knockdown of HMGB1 attenuated LPS-induced podocyte injury. Besides, EMT in TECs was triggered by HMGB1. Mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of HK-2 cells exposed to HMGB1 were markedly elevated compared with the control group. Conclusions. Collectively, HMGB1 release in podocytes was induced by LPS, subsequently leading to exacerbated AKI.

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The influence of occupational chronic lead exposure on the levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327117703688 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 467-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A Machoń-Grecka ◽

M Dobrakowski ◽

M Boroń ◽

G Lisowska ◽

A Kasperczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Lead Exposure ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Angiogenic Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor Basic ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of occupational exposure to lead on the blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and selected factors that influence angiogenesis. The study population was divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 56 male workers chronically exposed to lead. The second group (control) was comprised of 24 male administrative workers. The serum levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were significantly higher in the group of workers chronically exposed to lead compared to control values by 38%, 68%, and 57%, respectively. Similarly, the values of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) and fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-basic) were higher by 19% and 63%, respectively. In the group of workers chronically exposed to lead, there were positive correlations between the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and angiogenic factors (VEGF, FGF-basic, sVEGFR-1, and soluble angiopoietin receptor). In the control group, there were no correlations between the levels of the abovementioned parameters. Results of the present study indicate that chronic occupational lead exposure promotes inflammatory processes via induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulates angiogenesis, and elicits interdependencies between the immune response and angiogenic factors.

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Tocilizumab-induced unexpected increase of several inflammatory cytokines in critically ill COVID-19 patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-234733/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fanny Ponthieux ◽

Nicolas Dauby ◽

Evelyne Maillart ◽

Jean-François Fils ◽

Julie Smet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critically Ill ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Off Label ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Early evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic indicated high levels of IL-6 in patients with severe COVID-19. This led to the off-label use of tocilizumab (TCZ) during the first wave of the pandemic.We aimed to monitor IL-6 and several inflammatory cytokines in critically ill COVID-19 patients receiving off-label TCZ. Fifteen critically ill SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmed cases were enrolled and serum samples were collected during 8 days, before and following administration of a single dose of TCZ. In parallel, a control group consisting of 8 non-treated COVID-19 patients not receiving TCZ was established. Serum profile of 12 cytokines (IL-1β, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12, -13, -17, -18, TNF-α and INF-γ) and of IL-6R were assessed in these two groups. Although the increased IL-6 concentrations after TCZ infusion were expected, we observed an unexpected increase in IL-1β, -2, -4, -10, -12p70, -18 and IL-6R levels in the treated patients with maximal values reached 2 to 4 days after TCZ. In contrast, no change in cytokine levels was observed in the control group. There was no significant difference in cytokine levels between survivors (TCZ/S) or non-survivors (TCZ/D). This observation suggests that some inflammatory pathways escape IL-6R blockade leading to an increase in several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings could highlight an anti-inflammatory role of IL-6 and may explain why TCZ has failed to improve survival in critically ill COVID-19 patients when given alone.

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