scholarly journals Drought sress and the distribution of vegetative and reproductive traits of a bean cultivar

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abelardo Nuñez Barrios ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenboom ◽  
Dennis Scott Nesmith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Neutron Probe ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

Soil water deficits may affect the location and pattern of flower and pod production on different stem axes of a bean plant. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of drought stress on the distribution of flowers and pods on the main stem and on branches of bean plants. The experiment was conducted in a shelter field facility. Water stress was imposed from the end of the vegetative stage to physiological maturity and soil water was measured with a neutron probe every two weeks. Formation of flowers at each node of the main stem was monitored at 44 days after planting (DAP) and formation of pods at 55DAP and 65 DAP. Dry weight of stems and leaves as well leaf area were measured during the middle of the pod filling stage (55DAP). The total number of flowers reached maxima of 32 and 44 flowers per plant for the drought and irrigated treatments, respectively. Number of flowers on branches decreased 50% in the stress treatment when compared to the control. Pod setting was also reduced on the branches of the lower nodes of the main stems. Under drought, the leaf area diminished by 60.1% and 10.4% on branches and main stem, respectively. The field drought conditions of this experiment had a greater effect on the vegetative and reproductive growth of branches as compared to the main stem affecting the final yield.

scholarly journals (115) Competition Between Vegetative and Reproductive Growth in Cranberry

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1048A-1048
Author(s):  
Justine E. Vanden Heuvel ◽  
Carolyn J. DeMoranville
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sink Demand ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Competition For Resources

Competition between fruit and upright growth in cranberry has not been previously studied, but negative correlations reported between upright length/dry weight and yield indicate that sink demand from vegetative tissues may reduce fruit production. `Stevens', `Howes', and `Early Black' uprights and fruit were collected on either a weekly or bi-weekly basis through the growing seasons of 2002–04. The data indicated a shifting of resource allocation from leaf area and dry weight accumulation to fruit growth when about 1500 growing degree days (GDD, base 4.5 °C) had accumulated. Following the initial surge in fruit growth, leaf area and dry weight accumulation resumed at roughly 2300 GDD, resulting in a competition for resources with the developing fruit until after 3000 GDD. A lag phase in fruit diameter and dry weight accumulation was noted in some cultivars in some years, and may be partially due to the resumption of leaf growth. Roots, uprights, and fruit may all compete for resources during the hottest portion of the growing season.

Influence of GA on Uptake and Accumulation of Naptalam by Bean Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Devlin ◽  
Robert W. Yaklich
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Different Parts

Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Black Valentine) pretreated with gibberellic acid (hereinafter referred to as GA) absorb and accumulate considerably more N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (naptalam) than untreated plants. All concentrations of GA from 2.9 × 10−6 to 8.6 × 10−4M were effective; peak influence occurred at 6 × 10−4M. Plants pretreated with this concentration took up 58% more naptalam than untreated plants. When the different parts of the plant were analyzed for naptalam separately, the leaf area (on a per g dry weight basis) was influenced most by GA pretreatment. The leaf area of bean plants pretreated with 2.9 × 10−4M contained 212% more naptalam than the leaf area of untreated plants. The leaf area also included all stem and petiole tissue above and including the first true leaves.

scholarly journals Influence of organic manures on the growth of diabetes preventive medicinal plant Gynura, Gynura procumbens

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
MOS Akon ◽  
DK Datta ◽  
T Biswas ◽  
K Nakamura ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Compost Treatment

A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of various organic manures on the growth performance and biomass production of Gynura procumbens in the net house of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka. Seven types of manures, viz. ACI, BGF-1, Mazim, Vermicompost, Sufola, GTS and Poultry litter composts were used separately at the rate of 15 ton/ha. Highest height (78cm) in poultry litter compost, leaf number (208.33 no./plant) in sufola manure, leaf area (53.64 cm2/plant) in vermicompost, and branch (3.67 no./plant), girth (3.07cm/plant), fresh weight (202.28g/plant) and dry weight (22.44g/plant) were recorded in poultry litter compost treatment at harvest. Height, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of leaf varied significantly (p≤ 0.5) and increased with time. Results showed that the overall best growth performance was achieved in poultry litter compost. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 61-66

EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND COMPOSITION OF SNAP BEANS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Maurer ◽  
Norma J. Scott ◽  
D. P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
The Relationship

Bean plants were grown in weighing lysimeters to determine their response to five soil water regimes. Plants growing under conditions in which irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 88% of available were taller and heavier and produced more pods than plants irrigated when soil water fell to 60%. Plants irrigated when soil water reached 32% of available were small and had a low yield. Plants provided with ample water before blossom and then subjected to high soil water stress (SWS) had low yields. Plants grown under high SWS conditions before blossom recovered if ample water was provided after blossom, but did not yield as well as plants provided with ample water throughout the growing period.Dry matter content of bean pods was highest in the treatments receiving high SWS during the post-blossom period. SWS also affected crude protein, crude fat, physical and crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract, but the relationship to treatments depended on whether the composition of the beans was expressed on a fresh or dry weight basis.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Response of Two Runner Peanut Cultivars to Reduced Seeding Rate1

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tewolde ◽  
M. C. Black ◽  
C. J. Fernandez ◽  
A. M. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growth Adjustment ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract The ability of peanut plants to adjust to wide plant-to-plant spacing and the use of more precise mechanical planters have not been thoroughly exploited to reduce seeding rates. The magnitude of plant growth adjustment of two runner peanut cultivars to reduced seeding rate was studied in 1992 and 1993. A precision vacuum planter was used to plant the cultivars GK-7 and Southern Runner (SR) in single rows per bed at 8, 12, and 22 seed/m2. Total plant dry matter weight (TDM), leaf area (LA), and main stem height, nodes, and branches were measured six times during each season. Vegetative growth adjustment to reduced seeding rate was detected as early as 52 d after planting (DAP) in 1992 and 42 DAP in 1993. Plants fully adjusted to reduced seeding rate when they began forming pods at 70 DAP in 1992 and 75 DAP in 1993. By this stage, individual plants in the 8 seed/m2 treatment accumulated 2 to 2.7 times as much total dry matter (TDM) as plants in the 22 seed/m2, and all seeding treatments within each cultivar accumulated equivalent amounts of TDM on a unit ground area basis. The 8 seed/m2 treatment produced significantly greater TDM/m2 and leaf area index (LAI) than the 22 seed/m2 treatment by the end of both seasons (132 DAP in 1992 and 152 DAP in 1993). The partitioning of dry weight to pods and leaves was also greatest for the 8 seed/m2 seeding treatment. By the end of the season, the 8 seed/ m2 seeding treatment produced as much as 30% more pod dry weight (PDW) per m2 than the 22 seed/m2 treatment. Plants in the 8 seed/m2 seeding were significantly shorter but produced more main stem nodes and branches than the 22 seed/m2 seeding. Under the conditions of this study, plants of these runner cultivars showed the capacity to grow larger and compensate fully for reduced seeding rate before any measurable pod production began. Pod production, therefore, was not reduced and in some situations increased by reducing the seeding rate to as low as 8 seed/m2.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TILLERS REMOVAL AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON SOME GROWTH TRAITS OF TWO BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaddoa & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of field Crop Dept.- Coll. of Agric.Univ. of Baghdad, during the winter season 2012– 2013 to investigate the effect of tillers removing on some growth traits under two nitrogen levels for two wheat varieties This experiment was carried out by using Randomized Complete Block Design with in  split– split plot arrangement with three replicats. IPA 99 and Abu– Ghraib 3 were assigned in main plots, nitrogen levels (100,200) kg.ha-1 occupied sub- plot, while tillers reamoving treatment (reamove the main stem, first tiller, second tiller, and third tiller) occupied the sub– sub plots. The results revealed, that IPA 99 and 200 kg.ha-1 were superior in all growth traits. The main stem removing increased significantly number of tillers, dry weight, crop growth rate and realativ growth rate, while first tiller reamoving increased plant hight, flag leaf area, chlorophell content and dry weight of flag leaf area 91.18 cm, 36.81 cm2 59.95 Mgm.cm-3 and 0.456 gm respectively in contrast with the main stem removing which gave 68.88 cm, 27.87 cm2, 47.81 Mgm.cm-3, and 0.266 gm respectively. It could be conclude that relationship between the main stem and tillers was competitive.

scholarly journals Competition Between Vegetative and Reproductive Growth in Cranberry

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine E. Vanden Heuvel ◽  
Carolyn J. DeMoranville
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Competition For Resources

Competition between reproductive and vegetative growth has not been studied in cranberry. The objective of this research was to assess the growth patterns of leaves and fruit in three cranberry cultivars to determine whether vegetative and reproductive growth compete for resources. ‘Stevens’, ‘Howes’, and ‘Early Black’ uprights and fruit were collected on a weekly basis in 2002 and on a biweekly basis in 2003 and 2004 from a research bog in Massachusetts. Although growth was affected by cultivar and year, data indicated a general shifting of resource allocation from leaf area and dry weight accumulation to fruit growth at ≈1500 growing degree days (GDD, base 4.4 °C), when the initial surge of fruit growth began. Leaf area and dry weight accumulation resumed at ≈2300 GDD, resulting in a competition for resources with the developing fruit until after 3000 GDD. A lag phase in fruit diameter and dry weight accumulation was noted in some years and some cultivars and may be partially the result of the resumption of leaf growth at 2300 GDD. Fruit and shoot growth appear to compete for resources in late July through early August in Massachusetts, when carbohydrate concentration of uprights and roots is extremely low.

Effect of Temperature Treatment on Peanut Vegetative and Fruit Growth1

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Weighted Mean Temperature ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

Abstract Two studies were conducted in growth chambers to evaluate the effects of temperature on the vegetative and reproductive growth phases of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L., cv. Florigiant). Temperature regimes in the first study ranged from 34/30 to 18/14°C day/night and in the second from 34/30 to 22/18°C. The experiments were conducted for 61 and 110 days, respectively. In the first study, the plants were kept vegetative by clipping the pegs. Dry weights of leaflets, petioles and stems, leaf area, and number of flowers were measured. The same measurements plus fruit weights were made in the second study. Early growth, as determined by accumulation of top dry weight, was optimum at a weighted mean temperature of 27.5°C and essentially no growth occurred at 15.5°C. When plants were grown at the optimum temperature for four weeks and then subjected to different temperatures, the treatments had much less effect on top weight during subsequent growth and the optimum temperature decreased somewhat relative to that for early growth. Total fruit weight and individual pod weight were greatest at 23.5°C. Also, the rate of increase in pod weight was greatest at 23.5°C. During early growth the optimum temperatures for development of leaf area and for rate of flowering were above 28°C while in later stages the optimum for rate of flowering decreased to about 26°C.

IMPACT OF FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF VIGNA RADIATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA DIXIT ◽  
R. K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Length

Currently, a real challenge for the workers in the agricultural research field is to stop or reduce the use of expensive agrochemicals/ chemical fertilizers which are hazardous to the environment as well as human health. Present study was aimed to improve the growth and obtain optimum yield of Vigna crop with eco-friendly, non-toxic way and to reduce the use of agrochemical/chemical fertilizer application in agricultural activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of chemical fertilizer (DAP) and biofertilizer ( Rhizobium strain) separately and in combination on seed germination and seedling growth (at 30 days) based on morphological parameters such as seedling length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm)2 of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. After one month (30 Days) observations, it was found that seedling length, fresh and dry weights and leaf area were maximum in T4 and minimum in T15, T7 and T8 favored improved seedling length and leaf area whereas T7, T8, and T9 favored improved fresh and dry weights as compared to control.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

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