scholarly journals Performance of holsteins cows in pasture of Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast-cross supplemented with concentrate

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1663-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Carvalho Cardoso ◽  
Paulo César de Aguiar Paiva ◽  
Duarte Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Seasons

The work was developed in the experimental station of Embrapa Gado de Leite (Dairy Cattle Embrapa), in Coronel Pacheco, in Zona da Mata Region of Minas Gerais, with the purpose of evaluating the productive performance of Holstein cows kept on 'Coast-cross' (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pears) pasture, fertilized, strategically irrigated and where the cows were daily supplemented with 3 or 6 kg of concentrate/cow/day. The data were collected during three years (October/2000 to October/2003), involving 108 lactations. An experimental randomized block design with two replicate areas per treatment was adopted, with nine animals per area and eighteen animals per treatment being utilized, with fixed stocking rate of five cows/ha. The system of grazing, under rotated stocking, with one day occupation of the enclosures (piquetes) and 25 and 35 days rest in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively was used. The pasture was irrigated in the months of lowest rainfall and fertilized with NPK broadcast at six applications/year. The availability of dry matter of the pasture was 7,280 kg/ha and 6,167 kg/ha in early grazing, with the post-grazing waste stubble of 4,885 kg/ha and 3,994 kg/ha, in the rainy (Spring/Summer) and dry (Fall/Winter) seasons, respectively. During part of the experimental period, a few morphogenic characteristics of the pasture were evaluated, recording availability of 83.9; 125.6 and 89.5 kg of DM of leaf blades/ha/day, on spring, summer and fall, respectively. The daily averages of milk production per cow were 15.57 and 18.80 kg/ day with 3.5% of fat and per area 77.80 and 94.00 kg/ha, when 3 or 6 kg of concentrate/cow/day were fed, respectively. It was concluded that supplemented and managed 'Coast-cross' pasture adequately enables high milk production per animal and per area, as quantitatively and qualitatively adequate for milk production.

Economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat on crossbred cattle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Mane ◽  
S. D. Mandakmale ◽  
C. A. Nimbalkar ◽  
D. H. Kankhare ◽  
A. T. Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

A study was undertaken to evaluate the economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat in crossbred cows. The feeding trial of 4 months duration was conducted on 24 crossbred cattle which were subjected to treatment T0 (Control), T1 (Protected- protein), T2 ( Protected fat) and T3 (Protected protein and fat). Crossbred cows in second to fourth lactation with most probable production ability (MPPA) of average 2300 liter milk production per lactation for each group were selected. All animals were fed with 2/3 DM through roughages (2/3 from dry and 1/3 from green) + 1/3 DM from concentrate mixture. In T0 and T2 groups untreated groundnut cake was given in ration. Whereas, in T1 and T3 groups, groundnut cake was treated with formaldehyde (FA) (@ 1.0 gm FA /100g CP). Also bypass fat (99%) was supplemented in T2 and T3 groups @ 10 gm per liter milk production. Daily DM intake and daily milk yield for individual animals were recorded. The data generated during experimental period were analyzed by Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with SAS, 9.3 versions.The DMI was significantly (P>0.05) higher in T3 (12.72) followed by T1 (12.59), T0 (12.47) and T2 (12.23). However, the DMI/ 100 kg body weight was 3.05, 3.01, 3.13 and 2.81 kg/d in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively with non significant treatment. The average milk production during supplementation period was 9.82, 11.76, 11.41 and 12.43 kg/d in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively which was significantly 16.49% higher in T1, 13.93% higher in T2 and 20.99% in T3 over T0. The net return over feed cost was highest in T3 group followed by T1 and T2 over T0.

In situ degradability of dry matter and neutral-detergent fibre of thorn scrubland forage consumed by goats in the semi-arid region of north Mexico

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. S. Juárez ◽  
E. R. Montoya ◽  
C. G. Nevarez ◽  
S. M. A. Cerrillo ◽  
F. L. Mould
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractThree goats provided with oesophageal and ruminal cannulae were used to determine variations in dry matter (DM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) degradability of the forage consumed when grazing thorn scrubland in the semi-arid region of north Mexico, during two consecutive dry and wet periods. Ingesta samples were incubated intraruminally, the data were fitted to the exponential equation P = a + b (l - e-ct) and statistically analysed using a randomized-block design. Organic matter and crude protein (CP) contents were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Values of NDF were similar in dry and wet season of both years whereas higher numerical values of acid-detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and cellulose were registered in the dry seasons. DM and NDF degradabilities after 24 and 48 h of ruminal incubation were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Higher values (P < 0.05) in DM and NDF bag losses at zero time (A fraction) were registered in the two wet seasons. The insoluble but fermentable DM and NDF (B fractions) were higher (P < 0.05) in the 1999 wet season and variable in the rest of the studied period. Numerically higher values of DM and NDF c fraction were found in wet periods, whereas DM and NDF potential degradabilities were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet season in 1999 and similar across seasons in 2000. Lowest (P < 0.05) contents of CP in grazed forage, DM and NDF degradabilities after 48 h of ruminal incubation, and A, and B, and c fractions were observed in the dry seasons. Thus, these results may be related to both the lower feeding value of forage consumed by the animals and lower performance of livestock during this period. Then, the DM and NDF degradability after 48 h, together with the insoluble but fermentable matter and the c fraction permit the nutritive value of the forage consumed by grazing goats to be accurately described.

scholarly journals Evaluation of weed changes according to different fertilization management systems, through phytosociological analyzes in lettuce and carrot

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Elis Marina de Freitas ◽  
Valter Carvalho de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Evander Alves Ferreira ◽  
Danielle Cristina Fonseca Santos Grazziotti ◽  
Amanda Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The population dynamics of weeds due to different fertilization management systems is essential in the agricultural areas for the understanding of their interference and possible damages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different fertilization management systems on the weed community through phytosociological analyzes in lettuce and carrot crops grown in succession. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with eight treatments and four replications in each plant, following the same experimental layout. The treatments, referring to different management of fertilization were: Conventional; With Weeds; No Weeds; Compound; Crotalaria; Crotalaria more Compound; Lab-Lab and Lab-Lab + Compound. During cultivataion of lettuce and carrot, we collected more than 3,000 weed specimens, representing 25 species distributed in 11 families, 88% dicotyledonous and 22% monocotyledonous. The weed families with the highest value of importance in all stages of collection were Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. The most representative species in the area were Eleusine indica, Cyperus rotundus L., Galinsoga parviflora, Richardia brasiliensis, Oxalis latifolia, Cynodon dactylon and Conyza canadensis. The different forms of fertilization and use of cover crops were able to promote changes in the weed community and decrease in the population density during the experimental period. The treatments contributed to reduce the daily amplitudes of thermal and water changes and the incidence of sunlight on the surface layer of the soil, delaying the emergence of these weeds and contributing to other soil benefits inherent to the use of each type of fertilization.

scholarly journals Floristic diversification of spreading liverseed grass pasture according to different cutting intensities, obtained by grazing simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53297
Author(s):  
Sidnei Roberto de Marchi ◽  
Ricardo Fagundes Marques ◽  
Rodrigo Marques de Souza ◽  
Prissila Pereira dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Ilgner Thiago Duarte Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Simulated Grazing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cutting Intensity ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different forage cutting intensities, obtained by grazing simulation, on the floristic diversity and productivity of a pasture cultivated with spreading liverseed grass. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design, with four replications and treatments arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with five levels of cutting intensity of the simulated grazing (0, 25, 50, 75, and 95% of the forage canopy) associated with two levels of weed coexistence (presence and absence). The evaluations of floristic diversity, number of individuals, and total dry matter of weeds were obtained at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days after grazing simulation (DAGS). All plots were evaluated at the end of the experimental period (90 DAGS) for the amount of dry biomass produced by the pasture. The results showed that higher forage cutting intensities, obtained by grazing simulation, increased the floristic diversity, the number of individuals, and the dry matter accumulated by weeds in a pasture grown with spreading liverseed grass, reducing by up to 56% the production of total dry matter of the forage.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BERBAGAI TAKARAN PUPUK NITROGEN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CAISIN VARIETAS SHINTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Suparman Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect nitrogen fertilizer dose on growth and yield of Caisin plant (Brassica junceae L.) var. Shinta. An experiment was carried out at Experimental Station of Agriculture Faculty of Winaya Mukti University at Tanjungsari-Sumedang, with the altitude about 850 m above sea level, from February 2015 up to March 2015. Experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisted of five treatment and each five replication. Dose of nitrogen (N) fertilizer tested namely : A = 0 kg ha-1 N, B = 10 kg ha-1 N, C = 20 kg ha-1 N, D = 30 kg ha-1 N, dan E = 40 kg ha-1 N. The result of this experiment showed that dose of nitrogen fertilizer be different influential on plant height at 28 Days After Planting (DAP) and 35 DAP, number of leaf at 35 DAP, weight of total dry matter per plant and weight of fresh per plant.  Dose of nitrogen fertilizer 20 kg ha-1- 30 kg ha-1 give better effect on plant height at 28 Days After Planting (DAP) and 35 DAP, number of leaf at 35 DAP, weight of total dry matter per plant, and weight of fresh per plant. The optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate as much as 24.59 kg ha-1 give a weight per plant caisin maximum of 76.04 g

scholarly journals Comportamiento agronómico y productivo de nuevas variedades de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a la sequía

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
José Leonardo Ledea Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Valentín Ray Ramírez ◽  
Ramón Crucito Arias Pérez ◽  
José Marcelino Cruz Tejeda ◽  
Guiselle Rosell Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Season Interaction

The productivity of pastures and forage is increasingly limited due to climate variability and prolonged drought periods. For that reason, it is necessary to cultivate plants that are tolerant and productive under conditions of seasonal drought. The objective of this work was to characterize the agronomic and productive performance of new drought tolerantCenchrus purpureus cultivars. Three cultivars (CT-601, CT-603, and CT-605) were used at different regrowth ages (60, 80, 100, and 120 days) in two climatic periods: rainfall and low rainfall from 2013 to 2014 in a representative ecosystem of Cauto Valley, Cuba. The cultivars were grown on Vertisol and were fertilized with organic fertilizer at a rate of 25 t/ha. Some agronomic variables and dry matter (DM) yield (t/ha) were evaluated under rainfed conditions. A randomized block design with factorial arrangement and its interaction (3x4x2) was used. DM yield was affected by the second order interaction, during the period of rainfall, CT-605 at the age of 120 days reached the best average (p≤0.001) and during the period of low rainfall, CT-603 and CT-605 were highlighted (p≤0.001). Weather-season interaction on cultivars had a significantly positive impact (p≤0.001) on the length of leaves of CT-601 in the period of rainfall. CT-605 increased (p≤0.001) the percentage of leaves and green stems in the period of rainfall, superscripts were equalized in the dry season. Cultivars showed an acceptable DM yield during the low rainfall period, morphological changes neither affected the development nor the productivity.

scholarly journals Growth of Brachiaria brizantha planted at different densities and seasons in Santa Fé system with a culture of soybean

2017 ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Eduardo A L Erasmo ◽  
Rogério C Gonçalves ◽  
Jhansley F Da Mata ◽  
Vinícius A Oliveira ◽  
Luíz P F Benício
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass

This study aims to evaluate the density and planting period of the grass Brachiaria brizantha in consortium with the soybean. The study was conducted under field conditions at the experimental station of University of Tocantins. The experimental design used was a randomized block design, in factorial scheme of (2 x 5) + 4, with four repetitions, including both sowing of Brachiaria brizantha (20 and 30 days after the emergence – DAE, of soybeans), five Brachiaria seeding densities (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12kg of seed ha-1) and Brachiaria grown individually in the four densities tested, constituting itself as witness reference. To assess the growth of the Brachiaria, the plants contained in an area of ​​(0.33 x 0.40m) to 140 DAP of soy were collected in each plot, determining the number of tillers per plant; height and dry weight of shoots; leaf dry mass and dry mass stalk. Data were submitted to regression analysis. The cultivation of Brachiaria intercropped with soybean provoked a decrease in all parameters evaluated. The increase in the density of sowing promoted a reduction in the tillering and an increase in dry matter production and height of the plant.

scholarly journals Produksi Susu dan Komposisi Susu Sapi Friesian Holstein yang Mendapat Suplemen Tepung Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Wahyu Harjanti ◽  
Arif Mustaqim ◽  
Rudy Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
T Test ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji produksi susu dan komposisi susu sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) yang mendapat suplemen tepung temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorriza Roxb). Materi penelitian menggunakan sapi FH berjumlah 12 ekor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 2 perlakuan dan 6 kelompok. Perlakuannya adalah T0 = pakan basal (kontrol), T1 = pakan basal + suplemen temulawak (1% kebutuhan BK). Parameter yang diamati yaitu konsumsi bahan kering, produksi susu dan komposisi susu. Data yang diperoleh di analisis menggunakan sidik ragam, untuk data komposisi susu dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Paired T test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian suplemen temulawak tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi BK, produksi susu dan komposisi susu (laktosa, lemak dan protein). Konsumsi BK T0 sebesar 18,06 kgBK, T1 sebesar 18,15 kgBK, rataan produksi susu T0 sebesar 6,49 liter/hari, T1 sebesar 6,30 liter/hari dan komposisi susu T0 dan T1 secara berturut pada laktosa sebesar 4,58 dan 4,56, kandungan lemak secara berurutan 3,65 dan 3,78 serta kandungan protein secara berurutan sebesar 3,16 dan 3,16. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplemen temulawak 1% kebutuhan BK belum mampu meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering, produksi dan komposisi susu sapi perah laktasi. (Milk production and milk composition of friesian holstein cows fed with temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb) supplement) ABSTRACT. This study aims to examine the milk production and milk composition of friesian holstein cows that fed with temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb) supplement. The material of research using 12 FH cows. The study used a randomized block design with 2 treatments and 6 groups. The treatments were T0 = basal feed (control), T1 = basal feed + Curcuma supplement (1% dry matter (DM)). The parameters observed were DM consumption, milk production and milk composition. Data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, for milk composition data were analyzed using Paired T test. The results showed that the administration of temulawak supplement was not proven significantly towards the dry matter intake, milk production and milk composition (lactose, fat and protein). Dry matter intake T0 group was 18,06 kg, dry matter intake T1 group was 18,15 kg, the average milk production T0 group was 6,49 liters / day, milk production T1 group was 6,30 liters / day. Lactose concentration of group T0 and T1 was 4, 58% and 4,56%, fat concentration of group T0 and T1 was 3,65% and 3,78% and protein concentration of group T0 and T1 was 3,16% and 3,16%. In conclusion, supplements of curcumma 1% DM were not alter dry matter intake, milk production and milk composition.

DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE SILAGEM DA PLANTA INTEIRA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
JOHN LENON KLEIN ◽  
ALEXANDRA FABIELLE PEREIRA VIANA ◽  
PATRÍCIA MACHADO MARTINI ◽  
SANDER MARTINHO ADAMS ◽  
CRISTIANE GUZATTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Productive Potential

RESUMO - Avaliar as características agronômicas e produtivas de híbridos de milho foi o objetivo deste trabalho. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos por quatro híbridos de milho Agroeste: AS 1551 Convencional, AS 1551 PRO 2, AS 1656 PRO 3 e AS 1596 PROX. Foram avaliadas as características morfométricas da planta, a participação dos componentes estruturais no material ensilado e o potencial produtivo dos híbridos. O híbrido AS 1596 PROX apresentou maior número de folhas totais e senescentes, além de apresentar maior altura da planta e da inserção da espiga. As maiores participações de colmo (37,42%) e folha (16,25%) no material ensilado foram obtidas no híbrido AS 1656 PRO 3. Os híbridos AS 1551 Convencional e AS 1551 PRO 2 apresentaram maiores participações de espiga (52,42% e 50,01%) e de grãos no material ensilado (32,74% e 32,88%). As produtividades foram semelhantes, com valores de 37.662,3 a 45.093,0 kg/ha de matéria verde e de 14.404,7 a 16.421,6 kg/ha de matéria seca. O desempenho produtivo dos híbridos foi satisfatório, e a escolha deles vai depender do objetivo de cada propriedade, na busca de maiores benefícios e facilidades de manejo.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, componentes estruturais, grãos, matéria seca, diâmetro de colmo.PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE HYBRIDS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SILAGE USING THE WHOLE PLANTABSTRACT - The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and productive characteristics of maize hybrids. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments were composed of four Agroeste maize hybrids: AS 1551 Conventional, AS 1551 PRO 2, AS 1656 PRO 3 and AS 1596 PROX. The morphometric characteristics of the plant, the participation of the structural components in the ensiled material and the productive potential of the hybrids were evaluated. The AS 1596 PROX hybrid presented a higher number of total and senescent leaves, besides showing higher plant height and spike insertion. The highest stakes (37.42%) and leaf (16.25%) in the ensiled material were obtained in the hybrid AS 1656 PRO 3. The hybrids AS 1551 Conventional and AS 1551 PRO 2 showed greater spike (52.42 % and 50.01%) and grains (32.74% and 32.88%) participation in the ensiled material. The yields were similar with values from 37,662.3 to 45,093.0 kg/ha of green matter and from 14,404.7 to 16,421.6 kg/ha of dry matter. The productive performance of the hybrids was satisfactory, and their choice will depend on the objective of each property, in the search for greater benefits and management facilities.Keywords: Zea mays, structural components, grains, dry matter, stem diameter.

scholarly journals Metabolic dynamics of native lambs fed with Tifton 85 hay or Maniçoba hay associated with the spineless cactus

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
P.C. Soares ◽  
L.N.F. Gouveia ◽  
T.G.P. Silva ◽  
E.F. O. Filho ◽  
F.F.R. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic response of native lambs fed Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon dactylon) or Maniçoba hay (Manihot pseudoglaziovii) associated with spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck). Sixteen Morada Nova lambs were used, with a mean initial weight of 19.36±1.48kg, distributed in a randomized block design, with two treatments and eight replications. Dry matter intake was higher for lambs fed Maniçoba hay compared to Tifton hay, while the body weight at slaughter was not influenced by diets. Regarding the blood metabolites, only the serum concentration of urea was influenced, with higher value observed in the lambs that fed the diet containing Tifton hay. When analyzing blood biomarkers, in the different biweekly collections, a linear increase in the blood concentration of urea, glucose, fructosamine, alkaline phosphatase and sodium was observed, as well as a quadratic effect for serum potassium. The other blood metabolites were not influenced in function of the collection days. The replacement of Tifton 85 hay for Maniçoba hay does not cause negative changes in the dynamics of different biomarkers and presents itself as a promising forage resource.

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