Economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat on crossbred cattle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Mane ◽  
S. D. Mandakmale ◽  
C. A. Nimbalkar ◽  
D. H. Kankhare ◽  
A. T. Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

A study was undertaken to evaluate the economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat in crossbred cows. The feeding trial of 4 months duration was conducted on 24 crossbred cattle which were subjected to treatment T0 (Control), T1 (Protected- protein), T2 ( Protected fat) and T3 (Protected protein and fat). Crossbred cows in second to fourth lactation with most probable production ability (MPPA) of average 2300 liter milk production per lactation for each group were selected. All animals were fed with 2/3 DM through roughages (2/3 from dry and 1/3 from green) + 1/3 DM from concentrate mixture. In T0 and T2 groups untreated groundnut cake was given in ration. Whereas, in T1 and T3 groups, groundnut cake was treated with formaldehyde (FA) (@ 1.0 gm FA /100g CP). Also bypass fat (99%) was supplemented in T2 and T3 groups @ 10 gm per liter milk production. Daily DM intake and daily milk yield for individual animals were recorded. The data generated during experimental period were analyzed by Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with SAS, 9.3 versions.The DMI was significantly (P>0.05) higher in T3 (12.72) followed by T1 (12.59), T0 (12.47) and T2 (12.23). However, the DMI/ 100 kg body weight was 3.05, 3.01, 3.13 and 2.81 kg/d in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively with non significant treatment. The average milk production during supplementation period was 9.82, 11.76, 11.41 and 12.43 kg/d in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively which was significantly 16.49% higher in T1, 13.93% higher in T2 and 20.99% in T3 over T0. The net return over feed cost was highest in T3 group followed by T1 and T2 over T0.

scholarly journals Performance of holsteins cows in pasture of Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast-cross supplemented with concentrate

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1663-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Carvalho Cardoso ◽  
Paulo César de Aguiar Paiva ◽  
Duarte Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Seasons

The work was developed in the experimental station of Embrapa Gado de Leite (Dairy Cattle Embrapa), in Coronel Pacheco, in Zona da Mata Region of Minas Gerais, with the purpose of evaluating the productive performance of Holstein cows kept on 'Coast-cross' (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pears) pasture, fertilized, strategically irrigated and where the cows were daily supplemented with 3 or 6 kg of concentrate/cow/day. The data were collected during three years (October/2000 to October/2003), involving 108 lactations. An experimental randomized block design with two replicate areas per treatment was adopted, with nine animals per area and eighteen animals per treatment being utilized, with fixed stocking rate of five cows/ha. The system of grazing, under rotated stocking, with one day occupation of the enclosures (piquetes) and 25 and 35 days rest in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively was used. The pasture was irrigated in the months of lowest rainfall and fertilized with NPK broadcast at six applications/year. The availability of dry matter of the pasture was 7,280 kg/ha and 6,167 kg/ha in early grazing, with the post-grazing waste stubble of 4,885 kg/ha and 3,994 kg/ha, in the rainy (Spring/Summer) and dry (Fall/Winter) seasons, respectively. During part of the experimental period, a few morphogenic characteristics of the pasture were evaluated, recording availability of 83.9; 125.6 and 89.5 kg of DM of leaf blades/ha/day, on spring, summer and fall, respectively. The daily averages of milk production per cow were 15.57 and 18.80 kg/ day with 3.5% of fat and per area 77.80 and 94.00 kg/ha, when 3 or 6 kg of concentrate/cow/day were fed, respectively. It was concluded that supplemented and managed 'Coast-cross' pasture adequately enables high milk production per animal and per area, as quantitatively and qualitatively adequate for milk production.

Effect of Bypass Protein on Milk Production and Economic of Lactating Crossbred Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
RATNESH K CHOUDHARY ◽  
A Saran ROY ◽  
N K SINGH3 ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR ◽  
RAUSHAN K SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Milk

An On-Farm Trial was conducted on 24 lactating crossbred cows for assessment of feeding formaldehyde treated mustard cake (bypass protein) on milk production and economic analysis of lactating cow. Cows were divided into three groups having 8 cows each, treatments were farmers’ practice (FP); (Control): The lactating animals under this group were fedas per the feeding schedule of the farmers (5 kg. dry roughage as rice straw + 6 hrs grazing as local grass and 4 kg. commercial concentrates), T1: The lactating animals under this group were fed as per farmers practicewith 12% mustard cake of total diet was provided to the cow by replacing the same amount of commercial concentrates andT2: The lactating animals under this group were fed as per farmers practicewith 12% formaldehyde treated mustard cake of total diet was provided to the cow by replacing same amount of commercial concentrates. The average daily milk yield of lactating cows under FP, T1 and T2 was 8.58, 8.82 and 9.85 kg per cow, respectively. Differences between FP and T2 were significant. The daily increase in milk yield was 1.27 kg and 1.03 kg in cows fed T2diet over the cows fed FP and T1diet, respectively. The B: C ratios for FP, T1 and T2 groups were 2.6, 3.0 and 3.3, respectively. The feed cost reduced in T2 group by Rs. 8.64 and increased milk production by 1.27 kg in respect to FP group.

scholarly journals Effect of season, genotype and lactation on milk yield and composition of local and crossbred dairy cows reared under different feed base region

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
MA Baset ◽  
KS Huque ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Base Region ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

A total of 160 cows, 10 cows in each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × Holstein Friesian) origins differing in lactation were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using Randomized Block Design (RBD) to evaluate milk yield and composition of cows considering regions (good & poor feed base region), seasons (dry: Nov.–Feb. 2009 & wet: Jun.–Oct. 2009), genotypes and lactation. A “good and/or poor feed base” region was classified based on the availability of quantity and quality roughages throughout the year. The study revealed that the daily milk yield and 4% FCM of cows under good feed base condition were 6.76 and 6.49 kg, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.67 and 3.31 kg, respectively. Feed base region did not affect on milk fat and it was observed that the milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF), minerals and total solids under good feed base condition were 37.9, 54.9, 100.9, 6.3 and 140.6 g/kg, respectively, whereas, under poor feed base condition the values were 36.3, 52.9, 98.0, 6.1 and 135.2 g/kg, respectively. Season did not affect milk yield and composition except minerals (6.5 g/kg vs. 5.9 g/kg). Genotypes significantly (p?0.01) influenced daily milk yield, the milk protein and minerals. Lactation did not affect milk yield and the milk protein, but influenced the fat, lactose, SNF, minerals and total solids. The interaction of feed base regions and seasons significantly (p?0.01) influenced milk yield and the milk fat and SNF. The milk protein and lactose was influenced by the interaction of feed bases region, seasons and lactation. Milk yield negatively correlated with fat per cent. The percentage of fat significantly (p?0.01) correlated with protein, lactose, SNF, and minerals %. The percentage protein correlated with lactose, SNF and minerals. Lactose % significantly (p?0.01) correlated with SNF%. It may be concluded that milk yield and composition depends on feed base region, genotype and lactation of cows. Season did not influence milk yield and the composition. Milk yield negatively correlated with the percentage of fat, protein, lactose, SNF and milk composition strongly correlated with each other.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 50-65, Jan-Dec 2012

scholarly journals Evaluation of sunflower meal on growth and carcass traits of finishing pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas de Carvalho Carellos ◽  
José Augusto de Freitas Lima ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Hunaldo Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Performance Trial

With the objective to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of inclusion of sunflower meal (SFM) solvent extraction (DM: 92.71%, CP: 27.50%, NDF: 43.57%, ADF: 32.96%, CF: 25.91%, EE: 3,08% and GE: 4390 kcal) on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine, a performance trial was conducted in the Department of Animal Science of the Federal University of Lavras - MG. A total of 80 crossbred pigs (LD x LW) with initial weight of 62.20 ± 4.21 kg were utilized, one barrow and one gilt per experimental unit, allocated in a randomized block design. The treatments were represented by five diets with increasing levels of inclusion (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%) of SFM. At the end of the experimental period, all pigs were slaughtered (99.80 ± 6.91kg) and submitted to the carcass evaluation by the Brazilian Method of Carcass Evaluation (ABCS, 1973). The increasing levels of SFM shown a linear reduction (P<0.05) in the feed intake, therefore all other variables, shown any significant effect. The carcass data evaluation also shown any significant effect (P>0.05) for any increasing levels of SFM in the diets, however, sex effect was found, in the barrows, which shown higher ETM, P2, AG and RCG and lower AOL in relation to the females In conclusion Sunflower meal should be included up to 16% in pig diet (isocaloric and isolysinic, basis ) with no major effects on growth performance or carcass traits of finishing pigs.

Effect of saline water on rumen fermentation and serum profile in Murrah male calves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti . ◽  
Neelam Kewalramani ◽  
S. S. Kundu ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Twenty growing male Murrah calves, with average body weight (kg) 220±5, were randomly assigned to five treatments of water containing total dissolved solids (TDS; ppm) viz CON=500; T1=2,000; T2=4,000; T3=6,000 and T4=8,000 at National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal India. Animals were arranged in a randomized block design with 120-day experimental period. Feed and water intake were measured daily, rumen fermentation parameters and blood profile were evaluated at monthly interval. Water intake was apparently higher in T1 (17.46 l/day) and T2 (16.77 l/day) as compared to CON (control; 14.07 l/day) but did not differ significantly. However, water intake was lower (P less than 0.05) in T3 (10.40 l/day) and T4 (8.18 l/day) as compared to group T1, T2 and T3CON. Except ammonia nitrogen which was decreased with increasing TDS of water, all other rumen liquor parameters were found similar. In blood parameters, there was significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in plasma glucose, total protein, and albumin while there was significant increase (P less than 0.05), in AST and ALT with increasing TDS of water. Blood Urea Nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid were not affected. On the basis of above results it was inferred that water intake was decreased at higher TDS (above 4000 ppm)

scholarly journals Undegraded intake protein: Effects on milk production and amino acid utilization by cows fed wheat silage

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Baker ◽  
H. E. Amos ◽  
A. Nelson ◽  
C. C. Williams ◽  
M. A. Froetschel
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Supplemental Protein

Thirty-six Holstein cows in second or later lactation were used in a 63-d completely randomized block design to determine the effects of RUP source on milk production, composition, and estimated AA uptake by the mammary gland. Cows were divided into 12 blocks of three cows each based on DIM (54.5 d) and milk production. Treatments were 1) soybean meal; 2) treated SBM; and 3) supplemental protein from TSBM, corn gluten meal, and Menhaden fish meal with each protein supplying equal amounts of CP. Mean DMI was greater for cows fed supplemental RUP. Intake of RUP was increased by 0.5 and 0.4 kg d−1, respectively, for treatments 2 and 3. The NEL intake was greater for cows fed treatment 3 than for those fed treatment 2. RUP supplementation increased BW accretion and milk production. Milk composition was unaffected except for lactose, which was higher for milk from treatment 3 than for milk from treatment 2. Extraction efficiencies of AA indicated that the supply of Met and Lys to the mammary gland was first and second limiting for cows receiving treatments 1 and 2 but colimiting for cows fed treatment 3. Results indicate performance differences related to RUP sources and specifically the amounts of Lys and Met available for metabolism. Key words: Undegraded protein sources, amino acids, milk yield, dairy cows

The economic impact of cow genetic potential for milk production and concentrate supplementation level on the profitability of pasture based systems under different EU milk quota scenarios

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. SHALLOO ◽  
J. KENNEDY ◽  
M. WALLACE ◽  
M. RATH ◽  
P. DILLON
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Optimum System ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A 3-year study was set up to evaluate the influence of cow genetic potential for milk production and concentrate supplementation level on profitability of pasture based systems of milk production. In each of the 3 years, 96 cows were used in a three (genotype)×3 (levels of concentrate supplementation) randomized block design. Cows were categorized based on their pedigree index (PD) for milk production (PDMILK) into low (LP; PDMILK less than 100 kg), medium (MP; PDMILK 100–200 kg) and high (HP; PDMILK 200–300 kg). Concentrate supplementation levels were 376, 810 and 1540 kg per cow per lactation, identified as low (LC), medium (MC) and high (HC) concentrate respectively. Three milk production scenarios were investigated using the Moorepark Dairy Systems Model (MDSM) which included: EU milk quota applied at farm level with current costs and prices (S1), EU quota applied at farm level with projected future costs and prices (S2), and EU milk quota applied at industry level (quota purchasing possible) with projected future costs and prices (S3). The effect of variation in milk price, concentrate price and opportunity cost of land were modelled using stochastic budgeting. The results suggest that where EU milk quota is applied at farm level (S1 and S2), the optimum system of milk production is where margin per unit of output is maximized. When milk quota is applied at industry level (S3) the optimum system will be where margin per cow will be maximized. The results also suggest that the optimum system for cows with lower genetic potential for milk production is low level of concentrate supplementation, while cows with higher genetic potential for milk production is high level of concentrate supplementation.

scholarly journals Quality of silage produced from intercropped corn RR and soybeans RR

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Sichierski Cardoso ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
Karolyna Oliveira Marques ◽  
Katia Cylene Guimarães ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Secondary Factor ◽  
Fertilization System

The objective of this study was to produce silage from intercropped RR glyphosate tolerant corn (RR - Roundup Ready) and RR soybeans under Brazilian Cerrado conditions. The research was carried out in off-season between February and June 2015, in Rio Verde, Goiás (Brazil). In the experimental period the rainfall was 865 mm and the average temperature of 23.7°C. Two trials were performed. The first had corn rows spaced in 1 m with a row of soybeans in the interrow. The second had double corn rows interspersed with one row of soybeans, all spaced in 0.50 m. In both trials, we used a randomized block design, in a 2x2+3 factorial scheme, with four replications. Primary factor consisted of two types of pre-sowing fertilization: one only in corn rows and the other over the total area. The secondary factor corresponded to two soybean varieties: medium and late cycle variety. In addition, three control treatments were made: one of corn and two of soybeans. The corn cutoff point was at the hard farinaceous stage when the milk line reaches half the grain, and in the sole crop soybean at the R5.5 final phase of grain filling. Silage was stored in PVC experimental silos for 60 days. The intercropped treatments, in both spatial arrangements, promoted increases in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents. Soybean monoculture presented high values of crude protein and ethereal extract. There were higher effluent losses in medium-cycle soybean variety silage when it was grown in single cropping. However, the lowest effluent losses were recorded for silages of medium-cycle soybean intercropped under a double row pre-sowing corn fertilization system. The soybeans mixed silages produced together with corn under off-season conditions did not yield satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Ractopamine levels for finishing barrows maintained in heat stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1523-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josilene Figueiredo Sanches ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Alfredo Sampaio Carrijo ◽  
Mariana Souza de Moura ◽  
Elizangela Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Four Levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, quantitative characteristics of carcass, and visceral responses of barrows maintained on heat stress enviroment and fed diets supplemented with ractopamine. It was used 48 animals with initial weight of 67.3 ± 3.8 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with four levels of ractopamine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), each one with six replicates with two animals each. The experimental period lasted 28 days. Air temperature was 31.8 ± 2.0ºC, air humidity was 72.6 ± 10.2% and BGHI was 82.7 ± 2.8. Daily feed intake was not affect by the levels of ractopamine but they improved feed conversion and increased daily weight gain and final weight of the animals. The carcass quantitative characteristics were not affected by levels of ractopamine. The weights of the liver and kidneys showed linear increases accordingly to increase of ractopamine levels in the diet whereas weight of other organs and length of small intestine were not affected by supplementation with ractopamine. The optimum level of ractopamine for the best performance of barrows under heat stress is 20 mg/kg and it does not affect the quantitative characteristics of carcass.

scholarly journals Effects of lactation number and different stage of lactation on milk yield of Indigenous and Crossbred cows in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
S Ahmad ◽  
FMA Hossain ◽  
N Islam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

A total of 54 samples were collected from 18 milking cows from which nine were indigenous and nine were crossbred to evaluate the effects of different lactation number and different stage of lactation on the milk yield. The average daily milk yield of indigenous and crossbred cows at 1st, 2nd and 3rd lactation were 1.311, 1.633, 2.072 and 8.917, 9.567, 10.167 liter/day/cow respectively and represented the significant difference (p<0.01) within the daily milk yield of different lactations. Milk yield increased gradually from 1st to 3rd lactation. The highest milk yield was recorded in 3rd lactation and lowest was in 1st. The mean milk yield of indigenous and crossbred cows at early, middle & later stages of lactations were 1.617, 2.094, 1.306 and 9.389, 10.222, 9.039 liter/cow/day respectively that revealed stages of lactation had significant effect (p<0.01) on milk yield per day. It was observed that milk yield decreased after 2nd stage of lactation and decreased linearly up to the end of lactation. The highest milk yield was recorded in 2nd stage of lactation and lowest was in 3rd stage of lactation. The overall milk production in different lactation for indigenous cows was 1.672 liter/day and for crossbred cows was 9.550 liter/day that may be concluded as crossbred cows are superior to indigenous in concern of milk yield.Keywords: Indigenous cows; crossbred cows; lactation number; stage of lactation; milk yield.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i1.8614 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(1):31-34 

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