scholarly journals Pulmonary alterations in cocaine users

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Terra Filho ◽  
Chen Chin Yen ◽  
Ubiratan de Paula Santos ◽  
Daniel Romero Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pulmonary Infarction ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Cocaine Users

CONTEXT: Brazilian researchers have recently recognized a marked increase in the number of people using abusable drugs and the consequences of this habit. It has become a major public health problem in a potentially productive segment of the general population. In the last few years, several medical articles have given special emphasis to pulmonary complications related to cocaine use. This review is based on this information and experience acquired with groups of cocaine users. OBJECTIVE: To present to physicians the pulmonary aspects of cocaine use and warn about the various effects this drug has on the respiratory system, stressing those related to long-term use. DESIGN: Narrative review. METHOD: Pulmonary complications are described. These may include infections (Staphylococcus aureus, pulmonary tuberculosis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/aids, etc.), aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, septic embolism, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, barotrauma, pulmonary granulomatosis, bronchiolitis obliterans and organizing pneumonia, pneumonitis and interstitial fibrosis, pneumonitis hypersensitivity, lung infiltrates and eosinophilia in individuals with bronchial hyperreactivity, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, vasculitis, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary hypertension and alterations in gas exchange. It is concluded that physicians should give special attention to the various pulmonary and clinical manifestations related to cocaine use, particularly in young patients.

Cystic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1529-1533
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Moro ◽  
Hector H. Garcia ◽  
Armando E. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Cystic Hydatid

Cystic hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic disease principally transmitted between dogs and domestic livestock, particularly sheep. Humans are infected when they ingest tapeworm eggs, with disease occurring in most parts of the world where sheep are raised and dogs are used to herd livestock. The most common clinical manifestations are cysts in the liver (typically presenting with hepatomegaly) and/or lung (presenting with cough, haemoptysis, and dyspnoea). Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of serological tests in combination with imaging techniques. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy with anthelminthic agents, or—for liver cysts—PAIR (puncture–aspiration–injection–reaspiration). Echinococcosis is a major public health problem in several countries. Control programmes have been aimed at educating dog owners to prevent their animals from having access to infected offal. Vaccines against sheep hydatidosis and the dog tapeworm stage are promising alternatives.

scholarly journals Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections in Seropositive Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Chugh ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garg ◽  
Rashmi Sarkar ◽  
Kabir Sardana
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Sexually transmitted diseases are a major public health problem both in developing and in developed countries, and especially with the co-synergy with HIV infection, there is an increasing need to have a proper understanding of the clinicodemographic patterns of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for planning and implementing control strategies. Worldwide, there is an increased preponderance of viral STIs. Increasing incidence and altered clinical presentation of viral STIs in patients with HIV pose a diagnostic challenge; thereby, we studied the demographic profile of HIV-seropositive patients and compared clinical manifestations of viral STIs in HIV-seropositive patients to those in seronegative individuals. Twenty-seven HIV-seropositive patients with viral STI (herpes/molluscum/warts) and same number of age-, sex-, and STI-matched seronegative patients were studied for variability in clinical profile. There were significant differences in the demographic factors (education, income, and migration) and sexual practices (number of contacts and source of infection) in the 2 groups. Lesional symptoms, increased extent of lesions, and resistance to treatment were significantly more common in HIV-seropositive patients.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN NILAI HEMATOKRIT DAN LAJU ENDAP DARAH PADA ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI VIRUS DENGUE DI MANADO

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti S. P. Kamuh ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Maya F. Memah
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation

Abstract: Dengue is a major public health problem that can be found throughout the tropical and subtropical countries around the world. Spectrum of clinical manifestations of dengue virus infection varies greatly. In addition to clinical symptoms, the diagnosis of dengue virus infection need to be supported by blood tests such as hematocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. This study aimed to determine the hematocrit value and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in children with dengue virus infection in Manado. This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from Desember 2014 to January 2015 at GMIM Pancaran Kasih, Advent, and Robert Wolter Mongisidi hospitals in Manado. There were 37 patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, consisted of 17 males and 20 females. The results showed that of 37 patients, there were 36 with hematocrit within normal limits. Moreover, of 37 patients only 6 patients performed the ESR examination; only 1 child had a rapid ESR result (> 15mm/h). Conclusion: In this study, most of the pediatric patients with dengue virus infection in Manado had normal hematocrit. Of 6 patients who had performed ESR test, only 1 had rapid ESR.Keywords: dengue, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rateAbstrak: Dengue merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama dan dapat ditemui diseluruh daerah tropis dan subtropis di seluruh dunia. Spektrum manifestasi klinis infeksi virus dengue sangat bervariasi. Selain gejala klinis, diagnosis infeksi virus dengue perlu ditunjang hasil uji darah di laboratorium antara lain hematokrit dan laju endap darah (LED). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai hematokrit dan LED pada anak dengan infeksi virus dengue di Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2014 sampai Januari 2015 di RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado, RS Advent Manado, dan RSAD Robert Wolter Mongisidi Teling17 anak laki-laki dan 20 anak perempuan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 36 dari 37 pasien mempunyai hematokrit normal. Dasri 37 pasien, hanya 6 anak yang menjalani pemeriksaan LED; hanya 1 anak dengan LED cepat (> 15mm/jam). Simpulan: Pada studi ini, sebagian besar pasien anak dengan infeksi virus dengue di Manado mempunyai nilai hematokrit normal. Dari 6 pasien yang dilakukan pemeriksaan LED, 1 anak mempunyai hasil LED cepat.Kata kunci: dengue, hematrokrit, laju endap darah.

scholarly journals Diuretic treatment in chronic heart failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Camelia C. DIACONU ◽  
◽  
Alice BĂLĂCEANU ◽  
Mihaela Adela IANCU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Central Pillar

Heart failure is a major public health problem in developed countries. Many of the clinical manifestations of heart failure are due to congestion and fluid retention, therefore diuretic therapy occupied for a long time an important place in the management of these patients. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from the body, each of the classes of diuretics achieving this effect in a distinct manner. Given the magnitude of their effect, loop diuretics are the central pillar of diuretic therapy in many patients with heart failure. Resistance to diuretic therapy is one of the management issues for medical science, which is looking for solutions.

scholarly journals Case Report: Multiple Seizures After a Diphenoxylate-Atropine Overdose in a Small Child

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hui Wang ◽  
Li-Jia Song ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xiao-Peng Qu ◽  
Li Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Toxic Encephalopathy ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Drug Poisoning ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Poisoning is a type of accidental injury and it is considered a major public health problem worldwide. Oral drug poisoning in children is an important cause of accidental injury and even death. It is a common critical emergency in the field of pediatrics. Once a child unintentionally takes an overdose, regardless of whether it caused poisoning or not, they should be admitted to the hospital for emergency treatment. Acute poisoning in children most frequently occurs through the digestive tract. Drug poisoning can happen in children of all ages. In children younger than 1 year, drug poisoning is mostly caused by the parents during feeding, while in children aged 1–3 years, it predominantly occurs as a result of an accident. A case of diagnosis and treatment of a child with diphenoxylate-atropine poisoning is reported herein. The early manifestation of this child was acute toxic encephalopathy with clinical manifestations of a coma, convulsions, and respiratory depression. A brain MRI showed extensive damage to the bilateral caudate nucleus, lenticular nucleus, parietal lobe, precuneus lobe, and occipital lobe. Accidental administration of a large dose of diphenoxylate results in severe clinical symptoms and can cause obvious diffuse brain damage.

scholarly journals A study on clinical profile of typhoid fever in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Ranganatha A. Devaranavadagi ◽  
Srinivasa S.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. It is a major public health problem in India. Typhoid fever is endemic in many developing countries. Wide variations in the clinical manifestations of typhoid fever make its diagnosis a challenging task. This study was conducted to understand the wide range of clinical manifestations, complications and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of typhoid fever in children.Methods:Prospectively, 113 children admitted in pediatric unit with confirmed Typhoid fever from September 2015 to December 2016 at KIMS hospital, Bangalore were included. In each case, age, sex, presenting complaint, laboratory investigations and antibiotic sensitivity pattern are collected and analysed.Results: Out of 113 cases, 72 cases (63.8.1%) were males, 41 cases (36.2%) were females. The most common age group was 5-10 years. The most common symptom was fever, seen in 100% cases, followed by anorexia (61%), vomiting (44%) and abdominal pain (18%). The most common sign observed was toxic look in 68% of the cases, followed by coated tongue in 49% and hepatomegaly in 44%. Leucocytopenia was found in 34% of cases. Eosinopenia was found in 39% of cases. Anaemia was found in 16% of cases. Thrombocytopenia was found in 15% of cases. Blood culture was positive in 20% of cases. Use of municipal water for drinking was found in 65% of cases. Outside eating was found in 40% of cases. Unhygienic practices were found in 64% of cases. Duration of hospital stay varied from 3-10 days. No mortality reported.Conclusions:Typhoid fever is most commonly observed with unhygienic practices and eating of unhealthy outside food. This major public health issue can be tackled by bringing awareness among people regarding disease transmission and its various preventive measures. 

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF A DNA BASED PCR APPROACH WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN MOROCCO

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathiah Zakham ◽  
Oufae Lahlou ◽  
Mohammed Akrim ◽  
Nada Bouklata ◽  
Sanae Jaouhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Potential Tool

Background: Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem and the rapid diagnosis and appropriate chemotherapy become the first priority and a serious challenge to improve TB treatment.In the objective of early TB diagnosis and rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the clinical specimens, the utility of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using the Insertion Sequence 6110 (IS6110) as target was compared to conventional methods.Methods: Out of 305 patients with different clinical manifestations: suspected, new, drug relapse, drug failure and chronic cases were enrolled in this study and tested by mycobacteriological and PCR techniques for the investigation about the tubercle bacilli.Results: The results of the in house IS6110 PCR showed a good sensitivity (92, 42%) and high specificity (98%), the positive and negative predictive values were 96.4 % and 95.3 % respectively.Conclusion: This study showed clearly that the PCR testing using the IS6110 in the routine analysis is a potential tool for the rapid TB diagnosis, especially for critical cases and would be of great interest to help the clinician in the misdiagnosed critical cases by the traditional radiology.

scholarly journals Clinical Manifestations and Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abaseen Khan Afghan ◽  
Masoom Kassi ◽  
Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi ◽  
Adil Ayub ◽  
Niamatullah Kakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Health

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a rising epidemic in Pakistan. It is a major public health problem in the country especially alongside regions bordering the neighboring Afghanistan and cities that have had the maximum influx of refugees. The purpose of our paper is to highlight the diverse clinical manifestations of the disease seen along with the geographic areas affected, where the hosts are particularly susceptible. This would also be helpful in presenting the broad spectrum of the disease for training of health care workers and help in surveillance of CL in the region. The increased clinical diversity and the spectrum of phenotypic manifestations noted underscore the fact that the diagnosis of CL should be not only considered when dealing with common skin lesions, but also highly suspected by dermatologists and even primary care physicians even when encountering uncommon pathologies. Hence, we would strongly advocate that since most of these patients present to local health care centers and hospitals, primary care practitioners and even lady health workers (LHWs) should be trained in identification of at least the common presentations of CL.

scholarly journals The Recent View on the Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome in Children – Short Résumé

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sujanska ◽  
P Durdik ◽  
P Banovcin
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract The authors present a recent overview of the common clinical manifestations, management, diagnostic criteria and currently accepted treatment approaches of children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Paediatric OSAS has become widely recognized as a frequent disorder and as a major public health problem. Diagnosis of this problem is usually based on physical examination, history and clinical evaluation confirmed by the polysomnography (PSG). PSG is considering as a gold-standard test for establishing the presence and severity of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children. According to current understanding, OSAS is a dynamic process in which increased upper airway collapsibility is present resulting from a combination of structural and neuromotor abnormalities, rather than from structural abnormalities alone. In children the OSAS has completely different clinical features and requires different management strategy. Snoring, difficult breathing and apnoea during sleep, restless sleep, frequent awakening and behavioural disturbances are the typical symptoms usually present in children with OSAS. Nowadays, the classic presentation of child with OSAS as underweight child with adenotonsillar hypertrophy is being replaced by younger overweight or obese patients usually without the hypertrophied adenoids and tonsils. Recently it has been reported that delayed diagnosis of OSAS can lead to neurobehavioural consequences and even serious cardiorespiratory morbidity, metabolic complications, as well as an increase in insulin resistance, high blood pressure and the development of OSAS in adulthood. OSAS must be diagnosed and managed aggressively with having these new repercussions. Evidence suggests that the surgical intervention with removal of the tonsils and/or adenoids will lead to significant improvements in the most incomplicated cases, as recently reported from a meta-analysis. SDB and especially OSAS should be taken into serious consideration by pediatricians to prevent comorbidities in adulthood.

scholarly journals Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease: Indian Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Colah ◽  
Pallavi Mehta ◽  
Malay Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Screening Programs

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health problem in India with the highest prevalence amongst the tribal and some non-tribal ethnic groups. The clinical manifestations are extremely variable ranging from a severe to mild or asymptomatic condition. Early diagnosis and providing care is critical in SCD because of the possibility of lethal complications in early infancy in pre-symptomatic children. Since 2010, neonatal screening programs for SCD have been initiated in a few states of India. A total of 18,003 babies have been screened by automated HPLC using either cord blood samples or heel prick dried blood spots and 2944 and 300 babies were diagnosed as sickle cell carriers and SCD respectively. A follow up of the SCD babies showed considerable variation in the clinical presentation in different population groups, the disease being more severe among non-tribal babies. Around 30% of babies developed serious complications within the first 2 to 2.6 years of life. These pilot studies have demonstrated the feasibility of undertaking newborn screening programs for SCD even in rural areas. A longer follow up of these babies is required and it is important to establish a national newborn screening program for SCD in all of the states where the frequency of the sickle cell gene is very high followed by the development of comprehensive care centers along with counselling and treatment facilities. This comprehensive data will ultimately help us to understand the natural history of SCD in India and also help the Government to formulate strategies for the management and prevention of sickle cell disease in India.

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