Effects of betaine on the growth of the fish piauçu, Leporinus macrocephalus

In this study was tested the effect of betaine on the growth performance of the piauçu fish. For this, twenty-one fish (mean ± SD: body weight: 14.9 ± 1.3 g) were randomly distributed in one out of three experimental treatments (n = 7 each; 1 fish/aquarium): without betaine added in the food (control); 3.6 g betaine/Kg of food; 7.1 g betaine/Kg of food. The fish were exposed to experimental conditions for 60 days. Fish presented significant growth throughout experimentation, but no statistically significant difference was found for any parameter analyzed among the treatments, except for condition factor, which was higher in control group than betaine ones. Accordingly, it was concluded that betaine had no enhancing effect on growth of piauçu.

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Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers

Animal Bioscience ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 265-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. C. Hsieh ◽

W. C. Lin ◽

W. Y. Chuang ◽

M. H. Chen ◽

S. C. Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Control Group ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Antioxidant Genes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Components

Objective: The study developed mushroom stalk residues as feed additives in the broiler diet for improving the growth performance and immunity of broilers as well as to increase the value of mushroom stalk residues.Methods: In total, 300 ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into fifteen pens with five dietary treatments: i) control, basal diet; ii) CMWM, supplemented with 1% Cordyceps militaris waster medium (CM); iii) CMPE, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PE); iv) CMPS, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus sajorcaju stalk residue (PS); v) CMFV, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Fammulina velutipes stalk residue (FV).Results: The chemical analysis results showed that CM extracts, PE extracts, PS extracts, and FV extracts contain functional components such as polysaccharides and phenols and have both 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate scavenging and Ferrous scavenging capacities. The group CMWM saw increased body weight gain and feed conversion rate and the promotion of jejunum villus growth, but there is no significant difference in the intestinal bacteria phase. Antioxidant genes in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant responsive element pathway among the groups are significantly higher than that of the control group, especially in group CMWM.Conclusion: The mushroom stalk residues have antioxidant functional components, can improve the intestinal health and body weight gain of chickens, and can activate the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2 to increase the heme oxygenase-1 expression. The treatment with 1% CM was the most promising as a feed additive.

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Efficacy of neem leaf, nishyinda leaf and turmeric rhizome supplementation on the growth performance of broiler chicken

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v3i2.29361 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 331-338

Author(s):

Nahid Nawrin Sultana ◽

Soheli Jahan Mou ◽

Mahbub Mostofa ◽

Md Abdur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Live Body Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf, Nishyinda (Vitex nogundo) leaf and Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) powdered supplementation in drinking water as a growth promoter in broiler chickens. A total of 40 day-old Cobb 40 broiler chicks were purchased from local hatchery (Nourish Poultry & Hatchery Ltd.) and after seven days of acclimatization chicks were randomly divided into two groups, A and B. The group A was kept as a control and not treated. The group B was supplemented with Neem, Nishyinda leaves and Turmeric dried powder with feed and water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain up to 5th weeks and hematological tests were performed at 7th and 35th days age of broiler to search for hematological change between control (A) and treatment (B) groups. The initial body weight of groups A and B on 7th day of this experiment were 130±4.35 gm, respectively and after 35th day of experiment final body weight were 150±47.35 gm and 1600±58.56 gm, respectively; the net body weight gain were 1320±43.79 gm and 1470±54.25 gm, respectively and economics of production were analyzed and found that net profit per broiler was Tk. 17.24 and Tk. 30.00, respectively. The treatment group B was recorded statistically significant (at 1% level) increase for live body weight than that of control group A. The hematological difference, while Hb. estimation does not show significant difference from control group. The results suggest that better growth performance could be achieved in broilers supplemented with Neem, Nishyinda leaves and Turmeric rhizome extract.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 331-338, August 2016

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The Influence of Propolis as Supplement Diet on Broiler Meat Growth Performance, Carcass Body Weight, Chemical Composition and Lipid Oxidation Stability

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201563020411 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 411-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Peter Haščík ◽

Ibrahim Omer Elimam ◽

Miroslav Kročko ◽

Marek Bobko ◽

Miroslava Kačániová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Freezing Storage

The present experiment was aimed to study the effect of the propolis extract as supplement diet on the broiler chickens growth performance, breast and thigh weights, meat chemical composition and lipid oxidation stability. A total of 120 chicks in one day old, which were divided into 4 groups (n = 30) for 42 days.To the experimental groups were added propolis extract in doses of 200 mg.kg−1(II), 300 mg.kg−1(III) and 400 mg.kg−1(IV). At the end of the experiment the results were shown that the body weight gain after 21 and 42 days has been increased and there were found significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between control and experimental groups also the feed intake has been increased and there were (P ≤ 0.05). The FCR was higher in the control group. The carcass body weight breast and thigh weights were increased and there were no significant differences while, the abdominal fat and liver weights were decreased. No significant difference was occurred on chemical composition of breast and thigh muscles, whereasthe muscle moisture tends to increase and fat content and energy value were decreased. Interestingly, thelipid oxidation stability measured as TBARS during the freezing storage for 6 months has been decreasedmalondialdehyde (MDA) in the experimental groups and there were found significant (P ≤ 0.05) in the breast musclesbetween control group and experimental groups. From the present study were concluded after administration the propolis extract that broilergrowth performance has been increased and the lipid oxidation (MDA) during the freezing storage (−18 °C) have been decreased.

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Effects of Defatted Rice Bran Inclusion Level on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Different Body Weight Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1374

Author(s):

Bingbing Huang ◽

Huangwei Shi ◽

Li Wang ◽

Lu Wang ◽

Zhiqian Lyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Control Group ◽

Defatted Rice Bran ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Stage 1

This study was conducted to determine the effects of low-protein diet prepared with different levels of defatted rice bran (DFRB) and weight stages on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing–finishing pigs. The animal experiment included three stages. A total of 240 growing pigs with an initial body weight of 28.06 ± 8.56 kg for stage 1 were allocated to five diets including one control group and four DFRB diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% DFRB, respectively. The 192 crossbred pigs with initial body weights of 55.03 ± 7.31 kg and 74.55 ± 9.10 kg were selected for stage 2 and stage 3, respectively. Pigs were allocated to four diets including one control group and three DFRB diets supplemented with 10%, 15% and 20% DFRB, respectively. The results showed that with the increase in DFEB intake, the gain: feed was linearly increased (p < 0.05), and the average daily feed intake tended to linearly decrease (p = 0.06) in stage 1. Except for the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of acid detergent fiber (ADF) in stage 3, levels of DFRB had significant effects on the ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF in three weight stages. In stage 1, with the increase in levels of DFRB, the ATTD of NDF and hemicellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 2, with the increasing levels of DFRB, the ATTD of DM, ash and cellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 3, the ATTD of GE, DM, ash, NDF and hemicellulose decreased linearly with the increase in levels of DFRB (p < 0.01). Collectively, DFRB could be used as a replacement for corns and soybean meal, and weight stage is important to consider when adjusting the additive proportion.

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Regression of gestational diabetes induced cardiomegaly in offspring of diabetic rat

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502009000400002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 251-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Honório Sampaio Menezes ◽

Cláudio Galeano Zettler ◽

Alice Calone ◽

Jackson Borges Corrêa ◽

Carla Bartuscheck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Levene Test

PURPOSE: To compare body weight and length, heart weight and length, heart-to-body weight ratio, glycemia, and morphometric cellular data of offspring of diabetic rats (ODR) and of normal rats (control). METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 3 pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 30 rats, on the 11th day after conception by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Six normal pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 50 rats, made up the control group. Morphometric data were obtained using a scale for the weight, length, heart and body measurements. Morphometric cellular data were obtained by a computer assisted method applied to the measurements of myocytes. Statistical analysis utilized Student's t-test, ANOVA and Levene test. RESULTS: Control offspring had greater mean body weight and length than offspring of diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Heart weight and length and heart-to-body ratios of newborn rats differed between groups at birth (p < 0.001), but showed no difference at 21 days. Mean nuclei area and perimetric value of the myocytes decrees throughout the first 21 days of life (p < 0.01) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Heart hypertrophy on the offspring of diabetic rats at birth was demonstrated by the significant difference between the groups. After the eleventh day, no difference was found, which confirmed regression of cardiomegaly. The significant difference between the first and the 21th day of life, for nuclei area feature, demonstrate regression of cardiac hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic rats.

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A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327116674528 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 901-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D Sheela ◽

R Vijayaraghavan ◽

S Senthilkumar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Research Work ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Weight Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Manual Group ◽

Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

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A 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar Rats

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2021/5570206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo ◽

Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽

Povi Lawson-Evi ◽

Yendubé T. Kantati ◽

Tchin Darré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Extract ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Herbal medication is a worldwide and ancient practice, mostly in developing countries, where a large part of the population is involved in this practice. Hence, studies must be conducted to evaluate their safety and efficiency to avoid or prevent toxicological risks due to their usage. In Togo, Carissa spinarum is a medicinal plant belonging to Apocynaceae family, used as an aphrodisiac or to heal some ailments including malaria, sickle cell anemia, hypertension, pain, and asthma. Notwithstanding its several ethnomedicinal benefits, just a few toxicological data associated with its chronic use are available. Objective. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar rats. Methods. The 90-day oral toxicity process following OECD TG 408 guidelines is used. Male Wistar rats received Carissa spinarum root hydroethanolic extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days by oral gavage. Body weight changes, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weight changes, malondialdehyde as a lipoperoxidation marker expressed according to tissue proteins, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the 90 days experiment. Hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities. According to biochemical parameters, an increase in the chloride ion level was observed at 1000 mg/kg p < 0.01 . There was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, body weight, and organ relative weight. No changes in necropsy and histopathology of vital organs associated with extract treatment were observed. Conclusion. The results indicated that an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum does not cause adverse effects, which can lead to Wistar rats’ death after 90-day oral administration at 500 and 1000 mg.

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The Clinical and Hematological changes in Rabbits exposed to Melia azedarach fruits under experimental conditions

International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research ◽

10.7439/ijasr.v1i1.1547 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AL- Zubaedi Raad Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

The Body ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Control Group ◽

Clotting Time ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Hb Concentration

The study was conducted on 10 local breed rabbits, of 1-2 years age, of 1- 1.5 kg body weight. They were feed concentrated and green food, and left ad libitum for water, and kept in room of 20- 25 oC. The animals divided into two groups of 5 each. First as treated group received the plant in powder form mixed with the food at a dose rate of 5 g/ animal / day for three weeks , while the second left without exposure as a control group .The main dependent parameters in the study were , clinical parameters ( body temperature , heartbeat , respiratory rate, body weight , in addition to monitor any abnormal signs appear on the animals . While the main hematological parameters were included , RBC count , WBC count , Hb concentration,PCV percentage , Red cell indices , Bleeding time and Clotting time. The body temperature, respiratory rates, heart rate were increased .The body weight decreased .The bleeding time and clotting time were prolonged. The erythrocyte count, Hb concentration, and MCV values were decreased; PCV and MCHC did not showed any significant changes. The MCH increased. The total leucocytes count and the basophiles percentage did not showed any significant changes. The Heterophils and monocytes percentage increased .The lymphocytic and Eosinophil percentage were decreased during the study.

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HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA LEAF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN WHITE RATS INDUCED BY PARACETAMOL

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.29881 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 562

Author(s):

Panal Sitorus ◽

Nerdy Nerdy

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Carboxy Methyl Cellulose ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

White Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Carboxy Methyl

Objectives: A study on the hepatoprotective effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract on white rats induced by paracetamol was aimed to obtaining scientific data and evidence the hepatoprotective ability of the extract.Methods: The research was a complete randomized design, using 36 white rats which were divided into 6 groups. The normal control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by distilled water 8 hours after treatment. The positive control group was given 100 mg curcumin per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The negative control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The test group was given 50, 100 and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. Blood sampling was carried out 3 times (before treatment, after treatment and after induction).Results: With doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats give significant difference on the decrease of Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels after paracetamol administration.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract were potentially hepatoprotective.

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Effect of methionine supplementation on the growth performance of rabbit

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15777 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 40-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Yesmin ◽

ME Uddin ◽

R Chacrabati ◽

M Al-Mamun

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Methionine Supplementation ◽

Four Levels

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of methionine supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of growing rabbit. Sixteen weaned crossbred New Zealand White (NZW) growing rabbits (30-35 d) were distributed into four treatment groups having four replications in each group using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Basal diet composed of green grass (dhal grass) and concentrate mixture which was offered ad libitum basis for 56 days period. Four levels of methionine such as 0.0% (control), 0.15%, 0.25%, and 0.35% were supplemented randomly to rabbits. Results showed that supplementation of methionine did not affect green grass intake. Cumulative as well as daily concentrate and DM intake were significantly (p<0.05) higher for all methionine groups than control group. Final body weight gain as well as daily, weekly and cumulative body weight gains were improved significantly with increasing level of methionine. It was found that methionine had significant (p<0.01) effect on digestibility of DM, CP, NFE and EE but CF digestibility did not differ significantly. Digestibility was improved with increasing the level of methionine. Feed conversion ratio also decreased significantly with methionine supplementation, and 0.25% methionine group showed the best performance among the four treatments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15777 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 40 43

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