scholarly journals Plankton biomass in secondary ponds treating piggery waste

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia Barthel ◽  
Paulo Armando Victória de Oliveira ◽  
Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
System A ◽  
Plankton Biomass ◽  
In Series ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand

This study aimed at analyzing the plankton biomass found in a piggery waste treatment system, composed of a high rate algal pond (HRAP), two maturation ponds (MP1, MP2) (System A) and a water hyacinth pond (WHP) (System B). The ponds were disposed in series and the study was performed for 32 weeks. The physicochemical variables monitored were: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, soluble chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen compounds and total phosphorus. The plankton biomass was identified at genus level and the ecology index was calculated so as to describe its development in the ponds. Results showed lower specific richness, which was associated to the mono-specific Chlorella sp population. The protozoa density was conversely proportional to the green algae density. The higher species diversity occurred in the WHP and MP2. The green algae presented high relative density (>97 %). The Jaccard index reached 100% if Chlorella sp and sometimes diatoms were found in the system's inlet and outlet. The productivity of algal biomass was lower than 10 gTSS/m²/d in the maturation ponds, which was maintained in the HRAP. The green algae coefficient of variation (CV) varied from 0 to 1.5 in the HRAP and WHP, but was constant at 0.9 to the 10th week in MP1 and around 0.5 during all the experimental period for MP2. For the chlorophyll a, this coefficient varied in all the ponds.

scholarly journals Innovative Biological Treatment Processes for Wastewater in Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine N. Mulligan ◽  
Bernard F. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development

Abstract Biological treatment of wastewater has been employed successfully for many types of industries. Aerobic processes have been used extensively. Production of large amounts of sludge is the main problem and methods such as biofilters and membrane bioreactors are being developed to combat this phenomenon. Anaerobic waste treatment has undergone significant developments and is now reliable with low retention times. The UASB, the original high rate anaerobic reactor, is now becoming less popular than the EGSB reactor. New developments such as the Annamox process are highly promising for nitrogen removal. For metal removal, processes such as biosorption and biosurfactants combined with ultrafiltration membranes are under development. Biosurfactants have also shown promise as dispersing agents for oil spills. If space is available, wetlands can be used to reduce biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients and heavy metals. These innovative processes are described in this paper in terms of applications, the stage of development, and future research needs particular to Canada.

The performance of the sludge pretreatment system with venturi tubes

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Kim ◽  
D.X. Nguyen ◽  
J.H. Bae
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Sludge Pretreatment ◽  
In Series ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand

This research investigates the feasibility of the venturi cavitation system (VCS) for the sludge pretreatment to increase biodegradability. The performances of the VCS depended on the inclination angle of the venturi outlet, and better results obtained with 12° than with 8° or 15°. Although it is energy efficient to use several venturies in series, the number of the venturies should be determined with detailed fluid dynamic calculations. The linear relationship between total solid (TS) concentration and the increases in soluble chemical oxygen demand (ΔSCOD) was observed for both wasted activated sludge (WAS) and primary sludge, which might be related to the better conditions for cavitation development at high TS concentrations even with higher viscosity. The VCS achieved better energy efficiency in terms of ΔSCOD/kJ compared to high-speed homogenizer (HSH). On the other hand, the VCS showed a similar energy efficiency for mixed sludge with 1.8% TS, but lower efficiency for WAS with 4% TS when compared to ultrasonic disintegration.

scholarly journals Culturing of green photosynthetic microalgae (Chlorella sp.) using palm oil mill effluent (POME) for future biodiesel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nithin B. R. ◽  
Prakash Bhuyar ◽  
Marlen Trejo ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Total Cell Count ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Nowadays, the water pollution is leading issue due to palm oil mill effluent (POME), waste from palm oil production is a big problem to Malaysia which is largest palm oil producers. POME containing large amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD) which can cause severe pollution to the environment especially water. This present study designed for culturing green algae (Chlorella sp.) isolated from Pantai Balok, Kuantan which is most common microalgae with palm oil mill effluent (POME). Chlorella sp. was cultured using BG-11 medium with the addition of POME as experiment and without POME as control. The POME responsible for the growth of green algae is studied by measurement of the growth rate, total cell count and chemical oxygen demand (COD) for both conditions. The composition for control and experiment is also measured and determined by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). From the results, it is observed that the total cell count and growth rate of Chlorella sp. greater in presence of POME since the green microalgae absorbs the essential nutrients from the POME as their nutrients. GCMS revealed that the difference in composition for both the conditions. Results concluded that several COD also vigorously deplete with the help of green algae digestion. Cultivation of Chlorella sp. in POME will help in future water pollution treatment.

scholarly journals Using full-scale duckweed ponds as the finish stage for swine waste treatment with a focus on organic matter degradation

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2147-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Mohedano ◽  
R. H. R. Costa ◽  
S. M. Hofmann ◽  
P. Belli Filho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Swine Waste ◽  
In Series ◽  
Storage Pond

The rapid increase in the number of swine has caused pronounced environmental impacts worldwide, especially on water resources. As an aggregate, smallholdings have an important role in South American pork production, contributing to the net diffusion of pollution. Thus, duckweed ponds have been successfully used for swine waste polishing, mainly for nutrient removal. Few studies have been carried out to assess organic matter degradation in duckweed ponds. Hence, the present study evaluated the efficiency of two full-scale duckweed ponds for organic matter reduction of swine waste on small pig farms. Duckweed ponds, in series, received the effluent after an anaerobic biodigester and storage pond, with a flow rate of 1 m3 day−1. After 1 year of monitoring, an improvement in effluent quality was observed, with a reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), respectively, of 94.8 and 96.7%, operating at a loading rate of approximately 27 kgBOD ha−1 day−1 and 131 kgCOD ha−1 day−1. Algae inhibition due to duckweed coverage was strongly observed in the pond effluent, where chlorophyll a and turbidity remained below 25 μg L−1 and 10 NTU. Using the study conditions described herein, duckweed ponds were shown to be a suitable technology for swine waste treatment, contributing to the environmental sustainability of rural areas.

scholarly journals High-Rate Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewater at Low Temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1696-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gatze Lettinga ◽  
Salih Rebac ◽  
Sofia Parshina ◽  
Alla Nozhevnikova ◽  
Jules B. van Lier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
In Series ◽  
Propionate Oxidation ◽  
Stage System ◽  
Specific Degradation

ABSTRACT Anaerobic treatment of a volatile fatty acid (VFA) mixture was investigated under psychrophilic (3 to 8°C) conditions in two laboratory-scale expanded granular sludge bed reactor stages in series. The reactor system was seeded with mesophilic methanogenic granular sludge and fed with a mixture of VFAs. Good removal of fatty acids was achieved in the two-stage system. Relative high levels of propionate were present in the effluent of the first stage, but propionate was efficiently removed in the second stage, where a low hydrogen partial pressure and a low acetate concentration were advantageous for propionate oxidation. The specific VFA-degrading activities of the sludge in each of the modules doubled during system operation for 150 days, indicating a good enrichment of methanogens and proton-reducing acetogenic bacteria at such low temperatures. The specific degradation rates of butyrate, propionate, and the VFA mixture amounted to 0.139, 0.110, and 0.214 g of chemical oxygen demand g of volatile suspended solids−1 day−1, respectively. The biomass which was obtained after 1.5 years still had a temperature optimum of between 30 and 40°C.

Management of Dairy Waste in the Sonoran Desert Using Constructed Wetland Technology

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Karpiscak ◽  
Robert J. Freitas ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
Luis R. Sanchez ◽  
Eylon Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Scirpus Validus ◽  
Surface Wetland

An integrated wastewater treatment facility, consisting of upper (solids separators, anaerobic lagoons, and aerobic ponds) and lower (wetland cells) subsystems, has been built to replace the lagoon at a dairy in Arizona, USA. The collection sump of the new waste treatment facility collects all dairy wastewater outflow. Wastewater is then pumped to solids separators, and flows by gravity to anaerobic ponds and aerobic ponds. The upper subsystem is expected to treat the water sufficiently so that the wetland cells may achieve further pollutant reductions. The lower subsystem, comprised of 8 surface wetland cells with an approximate surface area of 5,000 m2, receives outflow from the ponds. The cells are planted with cattail (Typha domingensis), soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus), and reed (Phragmites australis). After treatment is completed via the lagoons and ponds followed by the wetland cells, the wastewater can be reused to flush barns or to irrigate crops. Performance of the overall system is evaluated by measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters in water samples taken from selected locations along the treatment system. Chemical parameters studied include biochemical oxygen demand, pH, total suspended solids, nitrogen species. Biological monitoring included coliforms (total and fecal) and Listeria monocytogenes.

The Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Biofilter Process

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Kaiser ◽  
Richard R. Dague
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
In Series ◽  
Two Temperature

The “temperature-phased anaerobic biofilter” or TPAB process (U.S. Patent pending), is a new high-rate anaerobic treatment system that includes a thermophilic (56°C) biofilter connected in series with a mesophilic (35°C) biofilter providing for two-temperature, two-phase treatment. Three TPAB systems of different thermophilic:mesophilic reactor size ratios were operated at system HRTs of 24 hrs, 36 hrs, and 48 hrs to characterize performance and to determine if an optimum size ratio exists between the thermophilic and mesophilic phases. The three TPAB systems achieved SCOD reductions in excess of 97% and TCOD reductions in excess of 90% for a synthetic milk substrate over a range of system COD loadings from 2 g COD/L/day to 16 g COD/L/day. There was little difference in performance between the three TPAB systems based on COD reduction and methane production. The 1:7 ratio of thermophilic:mesophilic phase TPAB system performed as well as the 1:3 and 1:1 size ratio TPAB systems. In applications of the process, a relatively small thermophilic first-phase can be used without sacrificing overall two-phase system performance. The TPAB process is a promising new anaerobic treatment technology with the ability to achieve higher efficiencies of organic removals than is generally possible for single-stage anaerobic filter systems operated at equivalent HRTs and organic loadings.

Poly Silk Peptide Film PH Sensor Based on Zero Current Potentiometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 554-556
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Ma ◽  
Zhi Tong ◽  
Yong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Graphite Electrode ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Pencil Graphite Electrode ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
System A ◽  
Zero Current ◽  
In Series ◽  
Silk Peptide

A poly silk peptide film pH sensor has been developed using zero current potentiometry system. A poly silk peptide film coated pencil graphite electrode is connected in series between the working and counter electrodes of a potentiostat, and immersed in solution together with a reference electrode. When the solution pH varies, the resulting zero current potentiometry is linear with the values of the solution pH in the range of 1.81 to 11.58. This pH sensor shows high stability, accuracy, selectivity and reproduction.

scholarly journals Treatment performances of French constructed wetlands: results from a database collected over the last 30 years

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1333-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morvannou ◽  
N. Forquet ◽  
S. Michel ◽  
S. Troesch ◽  
P. Molle
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Technical Department ◽  
In Series ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand

Approximately 3,500 constructed wetlands (CWs) provide raw wastewater treatment in France for small communities (<5,000 people equivalent). Built during the past 30 years, most consist of two vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) in series (stages). Many configurations exist, with systems associated with horizontal flow filters or waste stabilization ponds, vertical flow with recirculation, partially saturated systems, etc. A database analyzed 10 years earlier on the classical French system summarized the global performances data. This paper provides a similar analysis of performance data from 415 full-scale two-stage VFCWs from an improved database expanded by monitoring data available from Irstea and the French technical department. Trends presented in the first study are confirmed, exhibiting high chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal rates (87%, 93% and 84%, respectively). Typical concentrations at the second-stage outlet are 74 mgCOD L−1, 17 mgTSS L−1 and 11 mgTKN L−1. Pollutant removal performances are summarized in relation to the loads applied at the first treatment stage. While COD and TSS removal rates remain stable over the range of applied loads, the spreading of TKN removal rates increases as applied loads increase.

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