scholarly journals Utilization of carbon nanotubes in hydrogen electrosynthesis from tropical fruit fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Carla de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Fabiane Caxico de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Vitreous Carbon ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Working Electrode

ABSTRACT The use of fossil fuels, especially oil and gas, has accelerated in recent years, resulting in the global energy crisis. The fermentative biological process is a sustainable way to produce hydrogen, as it can use as a substrate various types of carbohydrate-rich industrial and household waste such as fruit, minimizing but not completely eliminating the problems caused by improper disposal of this material. From a perspective of energy conservation and use of renewable sources for energy generation, this work aims to contribute to the identification of the use of a currently unused portion of energy, optimizing hydrogen production from a fuel cell. microbial. The main nanomaterial used in electrolysis was carbon nanotubes (CNT) incorporated into carbon felt (CF). Cyclic voltammetry studies were also performed on three electrode systems: vitreous carbon electrode as working electrode, platinum electrode as auxiliary electrode and Ag / AgCl / Cl- as reference electrode. An electrochemical cell formed by two separate compartments was constructed. Before starting the electrolysis experiment, an experimental design was performed using the complete factorial design technique to analyze the influence of the variables selected for this study. The independent variables selected were: Tropical fruit liquor concentration in %v/v, type of working electrode, electrolysis time and pH of the electrolyte medium. The observed variable was the concentration in% v / v of the hydrogen gas obtained in the electrolysis. After the results of the tests, it was concluded that carbon nanotubes can be used as working electrode, presenting success in the hydrogen production process and that the pH of the electrolytic medium has a strong influence on this process. The present work was concluded presenting an alternative way in the production of a renewable energy source.

scholarly journals Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Reaction System Based on Metal-Organic Halide Perovskites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dohun Kim ◽  
Dong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Seong Min Kim ◽  
Woosung Park ◽  
Uk Sim
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Organic Halide ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Metal Organic

In the development of hydrogen-based technology, a key challenge is the sustainable production of hydrogen in terms of energy consumption and environmental aspects. However, existing methods mainly rely on fossil fuels due to their cost efficiency, and as such, it is difficult to be completely independent of carbon-based technology. Electrochemical hydrogen production is essential, since it has shown the successful generation of hydrogen gas of high purity. Similarly, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) method is also appealing, as this method exhibits highly active and stable water splitting with the help of solar energy. In this article, we review recent developments in PEC water splitting, particularly those using metal-organic halide perovskite materials. We discuss the exceptional optical and electrical characteristics which often dictate PEC performance. We further extend our discussion to the material limit of perovskite under a hydrogen production environment, i.e., that PEC reactions often degrade the contact between the electrode and the electrolyte. Finally, we introduce recent improvements in the stability of a perovskite-based PEC device.

scholarly journals Biological Hydrogen Production from Amphora sp. Isolated from Eastern Coast of Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
W Jangiam ◽  
P Tongtubtim ◽  
M Penjun
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The World ◽  
Many Sources

The world is finding ways of producing fuel from many sources to replace the fossil fuels. Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising fuels for the future. One biological way of producing hydrogen from solar energy is using photosynthetic microorganisms.The objective of this study is to search for marine algae which produce hydrogen and study the appropriate conditions to produce hydrogen from marine algae. Firstly, the 5 strains of algae were studied the total gas production. Amphora sp. was selected and studied the appropriate conditions to produce hydrogen gas. The first condition, we studied the important factors for marine algae which were present and absent sulfur. The second condition was to find the suitable pH for producing hydrogen which were pH 7, pH 8 and pH 9. The last condition, we studied the optimal light intensity which were 481, 1075 and 2085 lux. The result showed that Amphora sp. can produce hydrogen gas in present sulfur media, pH 8 and light intensity 2085 lux in volume 495.3 ml per 1 L of algae or the average rate of produce hydrogen is 0.798 ml per g of algae per hour.

Effects of Conductive Nanomaterials on Hydrogen Production During Electrolysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nageshkar ◽  
M. Srikanth ◽  
E. Jurak ◽  
R. Asmatulu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Hydrogen Molecules ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Conductive Nanomaterials ◽  
Splitting Water

The world will run out of cheap oil in 20–30 years, causing energy costs to rise, and probably hitting the economies of many nations. Time is now to look for alternative sources of energy, so that a gentle transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources can take place. While several research programs are being conducted mostly on the sun and wind energies, there is one more source that covers 71% of the Earth surface, which is water. Splitting water by electrolysis forms oxygen and hydrogen molecules. Hydrogen has several uses in energy generation, including fuel cells, hydrogen-powered engines and stations, heating, household use, and many others. In this experiment, conductive nanoparticles were dispersed into a tap water at 60 °C with 1M concentration of sulfuric acid solution, and then electric current was passed through the dispersion at different DC voltages, leading to the formation of hydrogen gas at the cathode — the negative side of the cell. The industrial hydrogen production using acid and pressure is very expensive, and at this stage cannot compete with the fossil fuels. However, adding the nanoparticles increased the yield of hydrogen at lower voltages by up to 80%.

scholarly journals Elektroplating Grafena-Polianilina pada Stainless Steel sebagai Elektroda pada Elektrolisis Air untuk Produksi Hidrogen

KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Rahmiani Gani ◽  
Syarifah Rabiatul Adawiah ◽  
Arfiani Nur
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Working Electrode ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry Method

Hydrogen production by water electrolysis can be optimalized by improve the working electrode. Stainless steel as working electrode was coated with graphene and polyaniline by using cyclic voltammetry method with Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt as counter electrode. Coated electrodes were characterized by SEM-EDS and cyclic voltammetry method. Furthermore, the synthesized electrode was applied for water electrolysis by adding 1- 5 g/L NaHCO3. The characterization data showed that Stainless steel/Graphene-Polyaniline electrode can be synthesized by using cyclic voltammetry. The coating process was conducted at sweeping rate 10 mV/s on voltage -0.2 to 0.8 V for 10 cycles. The voltammograms showed that the highest cathodic peak current of electrolysis obtained at 0.491 mA by addition 2 g NaHCO3 on SS/G-PANi0,5 electrode, and the highest anodic peak current obtained at 0.191 mA by addition 2 g NaHCO3 on SS/G-PANi0,5 electrode. Based on the overpotential data, the smallest average potential difference of H+ adsorption obtained by SS/G-PANi1,0 electrode, and the smallest average potential difference of H+ desorption obtained by SS/G-PANi0,5 electrode. Keywords: Stainless steel, hydrogen production, electroplating, electrocatalyst, electrolysis

scholarly journals Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen and Methanol using ITO Sheet Decorated with Modified-Titania as Electrode

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-439
Author(s):  
Tariq Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrochemical Reactor ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Commercial Tio2

Current issues of global warming and environmental pollution due to extensive use of fossil fuels has been reached to an alarming position. Being CO2 as main byproduct of fossil fuel consumption and water as abundantly available on earth surface has great potential to replace fossil fuels as energy source. Herein, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with water for methanol and hydrogen gas (H2) production over ITO sheet decorated with modified-Titanium nanorods (TiO2 NR), has been investigated. The performance comparison of electrocatalytic activity of hydrothermally modified-titania with commercial TiO2 microparticles (MP) were further investigated. Electrochemical reactor containing KHCO3 aqueous solution with CO2 as an electrolyte and modified TiO2 nanorods (NR) as working electrodes offer an eco-friendly system to produce clean and sustainable energy system. The typical rates of product, i.e. methanol and H2 generation from the ITO sheet decorated with modified TiO2 NR layer recorded higher than those for the ITO sheet with commercial TiO2 microparticle. At 2.0V applied potential vs Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, the modified TiO2 NR electrocatalyst yielded methanol at a rate of 3.32 µmol.cm−2.L−1 and H2 at a rate of 6 µmol.cm−2.L−1 which was higher than that of commercial TiO2 MP electrocatalyst (methanol = 1.5 µmol.cm−2.L−1 and H2 = 3.7 µmol.cm−2.L−1). The enhancement in product yields of methanol and H2 was mainly due to the notable improvements and modification in texture of TiO2 working electrode interface. Hence, it is concluded that the modified TiO2 NR can be considered as a competent candidate for sustainable energy conversion applications. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations Regarding the Prospects for a Dual-Purpose Hydrogen Extraction and Separation Membrane

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Karl Sohlberg
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Separation Membrane ◽  
Hydrocarbon Sources ◽  
Critical Materials

Extraction of hydrogen from hydrocarbons is a logical intermediate-term solution for the escalating worldwide demand for hydrogen. This work explores the possibility of using a single membrane to accomplish both the catalytic dehydrogenation and physical separation of hydrogen gas as a possible way to improve the efficiency of hydrogen production from hydrocarbon sources. The present analysis shows that regions of pressure/temperature space exist for which the overall process is thermodynamically spontaneous (ΔG < 0). Each step in the process is based on known physics. The rate of hydrogen production is likely to be controlled by the barrier to hydrogen abstraction, with the density of H-binding sites also playing a role. A critical materials issue will be the strength of the oxide/metal interface.

Accelerating oil and gas investment and reserves by design

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Barry A. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations

Facts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passion, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence (Adams 1770). Some people unfamiliar with upstream petroleum operations, some enterprises keen to sustain uncontested land use, and some people against the use of fossil fuels have and will voice opposition to land access for oil and gas exploration and production. Social and economic concerns have also arisen with Australian domestic gas prices tending towards parity with netbacks from liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. No doubt, natural gas, LNG and crude-oil prices will vary with local-to-international supply-side and demand-side competition. Hence, well run Australian oil and gas producers deploy stress-tested exploration, delineation and development budgets. With these challenges in mind, successive governments in South Australia have implemented leading-practice legislation, regulation, policies and programs to simultaneously gain and sustain trust with the public and investors with regard to land access for trustworthy oil and gas operations. South Australia’s most recent initiatives to foster reserve growth through welcomed investment in responsible oil and gas operations include the following: a Roundtable for Oil and Gas; evergreen answers to frequently asked questions, grouped retention licences that accelerate investment in the best of play trends; the Plan for ACcelerating Exploration (PACE) Gas Program; and the Oil and Gas Royalty Return Program. Intended and actual outcomes from these initiatives are addressed in this extended abstract.

scholarly journals Iridium Complex Catalyzed Hydrogen Production from Glucose and Various Monosaccharides

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Fujita ◽  
Takayoshi Inoue ◽  
Toshiki Tanaka ◽  
Jaeyoung Jeong ◽  
Shohichi Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Iridium Complex ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Bipyridine Ligand

A new catalytic system has been developed for hydrogen production from various monosaccharides, mainly glucose, as a starting material under reflux conditions in water in the presence of a water-soluble dicationic iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridine ligand. For example, the reaction of D-glucose in water under reflux for 20 h in the presence of [Cp*Ir(6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine)(H2O)][OTf]2 (1.0 mol %) (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, OTf: trifluoromethanesulfonate) resulted in the production of hydrogen gas in 95% yield. In the present catalytic reaction, it was experimentally suggested that dehydrogenation of the alcoholic moiety at 1-position of glucose proceeded.

scholarly journals Carbons Formed in Methane Thermal and Thermocatalytic Decomposition Processes: Properties and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Emmi Välimäki ◽  
Lasse Yli-Varo ◽  
Henrik Romar ◽  
Ulla Lassi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Decomposition Of Methane ◽  
Thermocatalytic Decomposition

The hydrogen economy will play a key role in future energy systems. Several thermal and catalytic methods for hydrogen production have been presented. In this review, methane thermocatalytic and thermal decomposition into hydrogen gas and solid carbon are considered. These processes, known as the thermal decomposition of methane (TDM) and thermocatalytic decomposition (TCD) of methane, respectively, appear to have the greatest potential for hydrogen production. In particular, the focus is on the different types and properties of carbons formed during the decomposition processes. The applications for carbons are also investigated.

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