scholarly journals Gender and sexual violence among students at a brazilian university

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Zotareli ◽  
Anibal Faúndes ◽  
Maria José Duarte Osis ◽  
Graciana Alves Duarte ◽  
Maria Helena de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public University ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethical Attitudes ◽  
University Admission

OBJECTIVES: the prevalence of gender and sexual violence, its association with gender and ethical attitudes and the experience of suffering and perpetration of violence were evaluated among students at a public university in Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study analyzed the answers given by 2430 students to a questionnaire sent by internet. RESULTS: among girls, 56.3% had been subjected to some kind of violence and 9.4% to sexual violence since university admission; 29.9% of men reported having perpetrated some kind of violence, 11.4% gender and 3.3% sexual violence. Multivariate analysis showed that living with parents/relatives was a protective factor for women being subjected to and men perpetrating sexual violence but not for "any type of violence". Lower scores for ethical attitudes were associated with a greater likelihood of men perpetrating any kind of or gender violence. Student for whom religion was important had a lower risk of being a perpetrator of any type and of sexual violence, but not gender violence. CONCLUSIONS: the findings may be useful for the discussion of this problem and to propose interventions to prevent or minimize the problems of gender and sexual violence on campus. Further studies in other university contexts need to be carried out to increase knowledge and explore possibilities for intervention.

scholarly journals The Association of Social Support and Symptomatic Remission among Community-Dwelling Schizophrenia Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3977
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsuan Fan ◽  
Shih-Chieh Hsu ◽  
Fei-Hsiu Hsiao ◽  
Chia-Ming Chang ◽  
Chia-Yih Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Remission Status ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Symptomatic Remission

Schizophrenia is a mental disease that often leads to chronicity. Social support could reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms; therefore, its influence on remission should be examined. This study investigated the remission rates in community-dwelling schizophrenia patients and examined the association between social support and remission status. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 129 schizophrenia patients in Taiwan. Remission rates were evaluated, and the level of social support, clinical characteristics, sociodemographic variables, and healthy lifestyle status were compared between the remission and nonremission groups. The association between social support and remission was analyzed after adjusting for confounding factors. The mean illness duration is 12.9 years. More than 95% of the participants lived with their families, 63% were unemployed, and 43% achieved remission. Higher social support was observed in the remission group, and a significant correlation was observed between family domain of social support and remission status. Family support was a protective factor of symptomatic remission in community-dwelling schizophrenia patients in Taiwan. The results reflect the effects of a family-centered culture on patients during illness. Consequently, reinforcing family relationships and the capacity of families to manage the symptoms of patients and providing support to families are recommended.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use and Sexual Violence among Nursing Students in Catalonia, Spain: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6036
Author(s):  
Concepció Fuentes-Pumarola ◽  
Zaira Reyes-Amargant ◽  
Alba Berenguer-Simon ◽  
David Ballester-Ferrando ◽  
Maria Dolors Burjalés-Martí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) has become common in universities for reasons related to unwanted social/peer pressures regarding alcohol/drug use and sexual activities. Objectives: To identify perceptions of SV and alcohol use and estimate prevalence among nursing students in Catalonia, Spain. (2) Methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of nursing students attending public universities. (3) Results: We recruited 686 students (86.11% women), who reported as follows: 68.7% had consumed alcohol, 65.6% had been drunk at least once in the previous year, 62.65% had experienced blackouts and 25.55% had felt pressured to consume alcohol. Drunkenness and blackouts were related (p < 0.000). Of the 15.6% of respondents who had experienced SV, 47.7% experienced SV while under the influence of alcohol and were insufficiently alert to stop what was happening, while 3.06% reported rape. SV was more likely to be experienced by women (OR: 2.770; CI 95%: 1.229–6.242; p = 0.014), individuals reporting a drunk episode in the previous year (OR: 2.839; 95% CI: 1.551–5.197; p = 0.001) and individuals pressured to consume alcohol (OR: 2.091; 95% CI: 1.332–3.281; p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Nursing instructors need to raise student awareness of both the effects of alcohol use and SV, so as to equip these future health professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to deal with SV among young people.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Mental Health with the Level of Empathy Among Medical Students in Southern Thailand: A University-Based Cross- Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 832-840
Author(s):  
Katti Sathaporn ◽  
Jarurin Pitanupong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Objective: To determine the level of and factors associated with empathy among medical students.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed all first- to sixth-year medical students at the Facultyof Medicines, Prince of Songkla University, at the end of the 2020 academic year. The questionnaires consisted of:1) The personal and demographic information questionnaire, 2) The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, and 3) ThaiMental Health Indicator-15. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with empathylevel were assessed via chi-square and logistic regression analyses.Results: There were 1010 participants with response rate of 94%. Most of them were female (59%). More than half(54.9%) reported a high level of empathy. There was a statistically significant difference in empathy levels betweenpre-clinical and clinical medical students; in regards to empathy subgroups (P-value < 0.001). The assessment ofemotional states in others by demonstrating appropriate sensitivity behavior, altruism, and empathic respondingscores among the pre-clinical group were higher than those of the clinical group. Multivariate analysis indicatedthat female gender, pre-clinical training level, and minor specialty preference were factors associated with empathylevel. The protective factor that significantly improved the level of empathy was having fair to good mental health.Conclusion: More than half of the surveyed medical students reported a high level of empathy. The protective factorthat improved the level of empathy was good mental health. However, future qualitative methods, longitudinalsurveillance, or long-term follow-up designs are required to ensure the trustworthiness of these findings.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sexual violence and its associated factors among housemaids attending evening schools in urban settings of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia: A school based cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258953
Author(s):  
Kalkidan Gezahegn ◽  
Selamawit Semagn ◽  
Mohammed Feyisso Shaka
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based

Background Housemaids are the most vulnerable group to sexual violence due to their working condition, isolation and school arrangements. Despite the ubiquity of sexual violence among the domestic work sector, particularly among housemaids, this area of research continues to be neglected. This study was aimed at examining the prevalence and factors pertaining to sexual violence among housemaids attending night school program in urban setups of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Method A school based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted among 394 housemaids attending night schools in the urban setups of Gedeo Zone from April to May 2019. After stratifying of students using class grade, SRS technique was used to choose study subjects from each stratum. Quantitative data was collected using face to face interview and qualitative was collected using focus group discussion, in-depth interview and key informant interview. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was fitted to determine the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable. Result Based on the finding, the prevalence of sexual violence was 60.2%. The odds of experiencing sexual violence through working life-time as housemaid was higher for those who had migrated from rural to urban for work [AOR = 1.97: 95% CI, (1.07,3.63)], had less than 5 years of experience as housemaid [AOR = 3.10: 95% CI, (1.60, 6.00)], were in the age group of 15–19 [AOR = 3.75:95% CI (1.88, 7.46), ever used alcohol [AOR = 6.77: 95% CI, (2.65,17.33)] and whose fathers lacked formal education [AOR = 2.75:95%CI (1.24,6.08)]. On the other hand, unmarried /housemaids having no regular sexual partner were less likely to face sexual violence [AOR. = 0.28: 95% CI, (0.13, 0.57)]. Conclusion The level of sexual violence was found to be high among housemaids attending night schools in in this study. Housemaids from rural area, those newly starting the work, younger housemaids, and those who were married were more likely to be victims of sexual violence.

Food Insecurity and Associated Health and Academic Measures Among College Students in Connecticut

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Zigmont ◽  
Abigail Linsmeier ◽  
Peggy Gallup
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public University ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depression Diagnosis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Interventions

This cross-sectional study explored the health and academic impacts of food insecurity among undergraduates at a public university. A representative campus-wide sample (n=792) found that roughly 30% of students were food insecure, based upon a single validated question about the student’s experience over the past year. Food insecure students had lower GPAs (3.09 vs. 3.25), a higher proportion had a depression diagnosis (22.4 vs. 14.3), and a higher proportion ate fewer than three servings of fruits and vegetables per day (14.4% vs. 7.3%) compared to food secure students. A marginally higher proportion of food insecure students had an anxiety diagnosis (22.8% vs. 14.3%) More research is needed to understand the extent and manifestation of food insecurity so effective interventions can be developed.

The Relationship Between Recommended and None Recommended Food Scores on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese and Overweight Adult Women: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Sabbari ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Farideh Shiraseb ◽  
Khadijeh Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: No studies have examined the relationship between recommended food score (RFS), none recommended food score (NRFS) and cardiovascular risk factors. This study was conducted to evaluate the association of RFS and NRFS with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 379 overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) women aged 18-48 years. Anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis were assessed in all participants. Dietary intake was assessed by a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 147 items and RFS and NRFS calculated. Biochemical assessments including TC, HDL, LDL, TG, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP were quantified by ELISA.Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 36.73±9.21 (y) and 31.17±4.22 (kg/m²) respectively. Binary logistic analysis showed that participants in the highest quartile of the RFS compared to the lowest quartile had 82% lower risk for Hypertriglyceridemia [OR=0.18, 95%CI=0.06-0.53, P=0.002] and 91% lower risk for abdominal obesity [OR=0.09, 95%CI=0.008-1.04, P=0.05]. in addition, Participants who were in the highest quartile of the RFS compared to the lowest quartile had lower HOMA-IR [OR=0.29, 95%CI=0.08-1.00, P=0.05]. subjects with high adherence to the NRFS had lower HDL [OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.08-4.12, P=0.02] and higher risk for Hypertriglyceridemia [OR=2.95, 95%CI=1.47-5.94, P=0.002] compared to low adherence. Conclusions: There was an inverse significant association between adherence to RFS and risk of Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and abdominal obesity. There was a significant association between NRFS and Hypertriglyceridemia, and also we found an inverse relationship between NRFS and HDL.

Factors associated with delay in presentation among patients for oral cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1003-1071
Author(s):  
Xinyan Zhang ◽  
Dongling Liu ◽  
Hongmei Dong ◽  
Yuxiang Li ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients

Aim: This study aimed to determine factors that influence delay in presentation among oral cancer patients. Materials & methods: A cross-sectional study with 128 Oral cancer patients receiving treatment from the Hospital of Stomatology, at Jilin University, in China, was conducted. Results: A total of 78 patients delayed seeking treatment for more than 3 weeks after noticing symptoms of oral anomaly. Patients who were male, farmers (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.617; 95% CI: 1.90–3.64), or currently smoking (OR = 4.651; 95% CI: 1.21–9.46), were more likely to delay. Patients alerted to the problem at a physical exam had much lower risk of delay than patients who discovered the disease independently (OR = 0.029; 95% CI: 0.01–0.30). Higher coping style scores (OR = 0.747; 95% CI: 0.47–1.18) and oral cancer knowledge scores (OR = 0.886; 95% CI: 0.60–2.01) were significantly correlated with shorter delays. Conclusion: Delay in presentation may be achieved through regular oral health screening and improved public education about factors influencing delay.

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