scholarly journals Differential leucokocyte counts in ''dourado'', Salminus maxillosus Valenciennes, 1840, from the Mogi-Guaçu River, Pirassununga, SP

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. T. Ranzani-Paiva ◽  
E. L. Rodrigues ◽  
M. L. Veiga ◽  
A. C. Eiras ◽  
B. E. S. Campos

From August, 1996 to December, 1997, 293 of ''dourado'' specimens, Salminus maxillosus (Valencienes, 1840), of various sizes, were caught in Mogi-Guaçu River, Emas Falls, for hematologic studies. Total weight (Wt in g) and length (Lt in cm) were taken for each individual animal. Smears were prepared from blood samples and utilized for differential leukocyte counts (lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, special granulocytic cell and immature cells). The mean percentages of leukocytes were determined according to sex and stage of gonadal maturation (immature, in maturation, mature, spent and resting). Significant differences between male and female occurred only for the special granulocytic cell. In analyzing the leukocyte profile during gonadal development, only female showed significant differences in mean percentages of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils.

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dawson ◽  
A. R. Goldsmith

Previous studies have shown that an increase in prolactin secretion coincides with the beginning of the photorefractory phase in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). To determine how closely this increase is associated with the onset of refractoriness, we kept starlings on photoperiods which would induce refractoriness at different rates. Four groups of males and females were transferred from 8 h light: 16 h darkness (8L : 16D) to either 18L : 6D, 13L : 11D, 11L : 13D or 8L : 16D. Weekly blood samples were assayed for LH, FSH and prolactin and the males were frequently laparotomized to determine testis volume. In males, both 18L and 13L induced marked increases in plasma gonadotrophin levels and rapid gonadal maturation. A photoperiod of 18L induced an earlier onset of refractoriness (2–4 weeks) than 13L (6 weeks). In both cases prolactin levels began to increase immediately before the onset of refractoriness. Males on 11L showed a slight increase in gonadotrophin levels and slow gonadal maturation. There was no increase in prolactin levels and these birds did not become refractory. Hormonal data from the females were similar to those from males. These results confirm that increased prolactin secretion is associated, in some way, with the onset of photorefractoriness in this species, although whether it is a cause or consequence of photorefractoriness, or simply of gonadal regression, remains unclear.


1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA CECÍLIA BERNARDES PADILHA TRIPPIA

Foi realizado estudo do comprimento total, peso total e peso das gônadas; dos índices gonadais; da distribuição do diâmetro ovocitário em ovócitos dissociados, assim como de seus maiores diâmetros por exemplar; e dos estádios de maturidade encontrados nos ovários e testículos, em relação à quantidade de alimento ofertado em três diferentes tratamentos de cada experimento, com Hyphessobrycon callistus e com Trichogaster trichopterus (Peixes, Teleostei). O comprimento total e o peso revelaram a tendência de serem diretamente proporcionais à quantidade de alimento ofertado em ambas as espécies, assim como o peso das gônadas em T. trichopterus. Em H. callistus o maior diâmetro ovocitário foi observado no tratamento de menor oferta alimentar, sendo que o maior diâmetro ovocitário de T. trichopterus refere-se ao tratamento de maior oferta alimentar. Em T. trichopterus as fases de desenvolvimento ovocitário encontradas e as escalas de maturidade de ovários e testículos propostas, foram semelhantes às observadas na literatura para outras espécies de Teleósteos dulceaqüícolas. Foi estimada a existência de desova múltipla em ambas as espécies. A maturação gonadal foi menos intensa no tratamento de menor oferta alimentar de T. trichopterus. Abstract Studies on the Hyphessobrycon callistus and Trichogaster trichopterus (Pisces, Teleostei) gonadal development in regard to nourishment were carried out. The following parameters were studied: the total length, total weight and gonads weight; the gonads indexes; the distribution of the oocytary diameter in oocytes dissociated and the maturity stages of ovaries and testicles. The total length and weight were estimated to be directly proportional to the amount of nourishment offered in both species, as well as the gonads weight of T.trichopterus. In H. callistus the largest oocytary diameter was observed in the treatment of the lowest level of nourishment offered, and the largest oocytary diameter of T. trichopterus was observed in the treatment of the highest level of nourishment offered. In T. trichopterus the development oocytary phases and the scales of ovaries and testicles maturity proposed were similar to the ones observed in the literature for other species of fresh water Teleosts. The existence of multiple spawning in both species was estimated. The gonadal maturation was less intense in the treatment of the lowest level of nourishment offered, in T. trichopterus.


2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1b) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peixer ◽  
L. A. F. Mateus ◽  
E. K. Resende

Information regarding the reproductive cycle of commercially exploited fish species is extremely important for their appropriate management. The reproductive size of Pinirampus pirinampu (Spix, 1829) was determined for a population studied in the Pantanal wetlands of western Brazil. Samples were taken in September, October, and December 1997, and in February and March 1998. Gonadal stages were macroscopically determined and a monthly gonadossomatic index (GSI) was used to determine the breeding period. The length of the first gonadal maturation was determined by classifying male and female adults and immature fish into length classes. The data on the adult individuals were plotted on graphs and the median values estimated to find the length at which 50% of the individuals reached maturity (L50). L100 was also determined. Males and females in the gonadal maturation process were recorded from October on, and the highest frequency was found to occur in February. Individuals with empty gonads occurred from February onwards. The GSI showed that gonadal development began in September and reached its peak in February. The L50 was 574 mm for females and 536 mm for males, while the L100 was 590 mm for females and 580 mm for males.


2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina L. C Oliveira ◽  
Clarice B Fialho ◽  
Luiz R Malabarba

The reproductive period and fecundity of the inseminating cheirodontine Compsura heterura and of the externally fertilizing cheirodontine Odontostilbe pequira, from tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil, respectively, are described. The reproductive period of C. heterura lasted from January to April 2002, while O. pequira showed two reproductive periods, the first during September and October 2001 (spring), and the second between January and February 2002 (summer). Smaller classes of SL of females of O. pequira predominated in the second reproductive period, suggesting individuals born in the first period become shortly sexually mature, participating in the second reproductive period. In C. heterura, from a tropical region, temperature showed significant correlations with the variation in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) for both sexes, and rainfall showed significant correlation with the variation in the GSI only for females. In O. pequira, from a subtropical region, photoperiod was the only factor that showed significant correlations with the GSI variation in both sexes. The mean relative fecundity of C. heterura was 0.55 oocytes per milligram of total weight, similar to that of other cheirodontines with external fertilization, refuting the hypothesis, at least in Cheirodontinae, that insemination provides diminishing energy expenditure for the production of oocytes, due to a greater probability of fertilization. The mean relative fecundity of O. pequira was 0.8 oocytes per milligram of total weight, the largest known among cheirodontines. Spermatozoa were found inside the ovaries of maturating, mature and semi-spent females of C. heterura supporting the hypothesis of temporal separation between courtship and spawning. The largest relative weight of testis and the presence of sperm in maturing ovaries outside the reproductive period in C. heterura support the hypothesis that males of inseminating species make a greater investment in gonadal development than those externally fertilized.


Author(s):  
John K Sale ◽  
James H Johnstone

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were measured in fasting blood samples from 74 controls and 185 patients with untreated primary hyperlipoproteinaemia. The mean HDL cholesterol levels and the total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratios were significantly different between male and female subjects. Only patients with Fredrickson type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia had HDL cholesterol concentrations significantly lower than the controls, but all subjects with hyperlipoproteinaemia had total: HDL cholesterol ratios significantly higher than control values. Subsequent investigations were performed on 31 patients during treatment of the hyperlipoproteinaemia by diet alone or in combination with clofibrate. Responses were variable, but generally improvements in the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol were accompanied by an unchanged or decreased total: HDL cholesterol ratio, although there was not necessarily an increase in the HDL cholesterol itself.


Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa ◽  
Anoosh Rakhshandeh ◽  
John J. McGlone

Coprophagy has been described in piglets although its importance has not been fully assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate how deprivation of maternal feces influenced piglet physiology, behavior, and performance. Eight litters were randomly assigned to one of two treatments. Control (CON) litters had access to maternal feces while deprived (DEP) litters were deprived of maternal feces for the first 7 d post-partum. Piglet behavior was quantified for 24 h at 7 d of age. Blood samples were collected from one male and female from each litter at 0, 7, and 21 d for hematological analyses, and post-weaning performance was assessed until 123 d post-weaning. No treatment effects were observed on piglet behavior. DEP piglets had 25% lower leukocyte counts (p < 0.01). Relative to DEP litters, CON litters had increased post-weaning feed intake (0.998 vs 0.901 kg/d; p = 0.02) and weight gain (0.536 vs 0.483 kg/d; p < 0.01). At 123 d post-weaning, CON pigs were 9.3 ± 2.3 kg heavier than treatment pigs (p < 0.01). These results suggest that access to maternal feces improves immunocompetence and growth performance. Further studies are needed to explore the physiological mechanisms through which maternal feces improve growth performance, including nutritional and microbial factors, or the presence of maternal semiochemicals.


1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA CECÍLIA BERNARDES PADILHA TRIPPIA

Foi realizado o estudo do comprimento total, peso total e peso das gônadas; dos índices gonadais e do fator de condição (K), em relação à variação da densidade populacional em três diferentes tratamentos do experimento com Trichogaster trichopterus e, além dos estudos citados, também foi realizada no experimento com Hemichromis bimaculatus, a análise dos estádios de maturação gonadal encontrados, em relação à quantidade de alimento ofertado em quatro diferentes tratamentos. O estudo do fator de condição em relação à quantidade de alimento ofertado em três diferentes tratamentos dos experimentos com Hyphessobrycon callistus e Trichogaster trichopterus também foi realizado. O comprimento total, peso total e peso das gônadas revelaram a tendência de serem inversamente proporcionais à densidade populacional. Porém o comprimento total e o peso total, de H. bimaculatus, revelaram a tendência de serem diretamente proporcionais à quantidade de alimento ofertado. Tanto o índice gonadal como o índice gônado-somático foram mais elevados no tratamento de densidade populacional intermediária, em T. trichopterus. Os menores valores destes índices, em H. bimaculatus, foram registrados no tratamento 3 e os maiores valores nos tratamentos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Em T. trichopterus, experimento quanto à variação da densidade populacional, observaram-se valores muito semelhantes do fator de condição entre os tratamentos 1 e 2. O maior e o menor valor do fator de condição em H. bimaculatus foram observados nos tratamentos 1 e 4, respectivamente. Em H. callistus, o maior e o menor valor do fator de condição foram encontrados, respectivamente, nos tratamentos de maior oferta alimentar e de oferta alimentar intermediária. Em T. trichopterus, o fator de condição revelou a tendência de ser diretamente proporcional à quantidade de alimento ofertado. A espécie H. bimaculatus não evidenciou apresentar tendência à correlação positiva entre maturação gonadal e quantidade de alimento ofertado. Abstract Studies on the Trichogaster trichopterus gonadal development in regard to the variation of the population density were carried out. The following parameters were studied: the total length, total weight and gonads weight; the gonads indexes and the condition factor (K). In the experiment with Hemichromis bimaculatus was concomitantly analysed the maturity stages of the gonads in relation to the quantity of nourishment offered. The nourishment influence in the condition factor (K) of Hyphessobrycon callistus and Trichogaster trichopterus has been analysed. The total length, total weight and gonads weight were estimated to be inversely proportional to the population density. However, the total length and total weight in H. bimaculatus were estimated to be directly proportional to the amount of nourishment offered. The gonadal index and the gonadosomatic index were higher in the treatment of the intermediate population density, in T. trichopterus. The smallest values of these gonads indexes, in H. bimaculatus, were recorded in treatment 3 and the biggest values in treatment 1 and 2, respectively. In T. trichopterus, an experiment about the variation of the population density, similar values were observed between treatment 1 and 2, in relation to the conditional factor. The biggest and smallest values about the conditional factor, in H. bimaculatus, were observed in treatment 1 and 4, respectively. In H. callistus, the highest and the lowest values of the conditional factor were observed, respectively, in the treatment of the highest level of nourishment offered and in the treatment of the intermediate nourishment offered. In T. trichopterus, the conditional factor tended to be directly proportional to the amount of nourishment offered. In the species H. bimaculatus the tendency on the positive correlation between gonadal maturation and amount of nourishment offered is not evident.


Al-Risalah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
Ay Maryani

This study describes the religious behavior of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students. The variables used are internal and external environment as independent variable and religious behavior as dependent variable. The internal environment variable consists of gender factor, (male and female). The external environmental variables comprise the faculty environment, the present resident and the place to grow. The present resident consist of dormitories, boarding houses and parents' homes and the place to grow consist of urban and rural environment. Religious behavior variables consist of habluminallah behavior and habluminannas behavior. Habluminallah's behavior measured by (1) knowledge of faith and worship, (2) attitudes toward faith and worship, and (3) practice of faith and worship. The habluminannas variable measured by (1) Islamic behavior for them self, like honest, discipline and good work / studyethics, trust and concern on legality, (2) Islamic behavior with others, like generous, cooperation, caring, respect to the people's rights and tolerance and (3) Islamic behavior for the natural surroundings, like love of nature and nature conservation efforts. The methodology used was (1) Statistical descriptive, (2) MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) and (3) Independent sample t-test. The results showed the religious behavior UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students has a very good category. This is indicated by the mean values for the behavior of haluminallah and habluminannas of 158.85 and 178.76,  espectively. The average value of habluminallah behaviour in the range of values "145-180" with the category of "very good" and habluminannas behavior in the range value "165-205" with the category "very good. Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are different for each faculty. This is indicated by the significance level of Pillai Trace, Wilk Lambda, Hotelling Trace, Roy's Largest Root of 0.00 (<0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are the same for respondents who live in dormitories, boarding houses, and parents' homes. This is indicated by the value of F test and significance at Wilk's Lambda respectively for 2.055 and 0.085 (>0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for urban and rural respondents. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.317 and 0.245 (> 0.05), respectively. Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for male and female. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.950 and 0.307 (> 0.05),respectively. The results of this study are expected to be used to develop university policies that can enhance the Islamic values of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.


2019 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Ozoem Martha ◽  
Chibuike Victoria C. ◽  
Ugwunwoti Emeka P.

This study was carried out to determine the modern office technology competencies expected of office technology and management (OTM) graduate workers by supervisors in Delta State. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The respondents consisted of 142 supervisors, made up of 74 heads of department and directors of government establishments, and 68 managers and directors of private establishments in the study area. Descriptive survey research design was used to conduct the study and 28 – items questionnaire were used to collect data from respondents. The instrument was validated by three experts and had a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.77. Means with standard deviations were used to answer the research questions, while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The extent of supervisor‟s expectations of information processing competencies did not differ significantly based on the mean ratings of male and female supervisors of OTM graduates in government and private establishments. The findings also revealed that supervisors expect much information processing and communication competencies from the OTM graduate workers. Based on the findings and the implications, it was recommended among others that, curriculum planners, business and OTM education lecturers should ensure that the competencies required for modern office technologies are entrenched and taught in the institutions to prepare the OTM graduates for the world of work.


Author(s):  
K. Rokde ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
A. Bhardwaz ◽  
S. S. Mahour ◽  
S. P. Nema ◽  
...  

This study was carried out on clinical cases of retained fetal membranes in crossbred cows presented at College Clinics and College dairy farm and from Villages in and around Mhow. The blood samples were collected from jugular vein just before 12 hr. postpartum and on 7th day postpartum. Haematological profile revealed that the mean values of haemoglobin, neutrophil and monocyte count after 12 hrs and 7th day postpartum were significantly lower and lymphocyte count was significantly higher in RFM cows (n=18) than normally calved cows (n=6). The differences in mean TLC, eosinophil and basophil counts were non-significant at 12 hrs postpartum, however on 7th day postpartum the TLC and eosinophil count were significantly higher and basophil count was non-significantly different in RFM cows than the normally calved cows.


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