Chemical and fatty acid composition of milk from crossbred cows subjected to feed restriction

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of milk from F1 Holstein/Zebu cows in different lactation periods, when receiving different levels of dietary supply in percentage of body weight. Sixty cows were evaluated, with five levels of dietary supply and three lactation periods. The levels of dietary supply had no effect on the production of milk corrected to 3.5% fat (12.25 kg per day). There was also no effect of dietary supply levels, in the different lactation periods, on contents of fat (3.34%), protein (3.41%), lactose (4.60%), total solids (12.0%), defatted dry extract (8.80%), and urinary nitrogen (14.5 mg dL-1), nor on somatic cell count (89.98 mL-1). As the dietary supply level was reduced, the sum of saturated fatty acids in milk was decreased in up to 9.15% and that of monounsaturated fatty acids was increased in up to 25.28%. Feed restriction does not alter the chemical composition of milk, but improves its quality of fat by reducing saturated fatty acid content, increasing the concentration of monounsaturated and desirable fatty acids in up to 54%, and increasing the hypo- and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio in up to 168.97%.

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Effects of Sowing Season on Agronomic Traits and Fatty Acid Metabolic Profiling in Three Brassica napus L. Cultivars

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo9020037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaoyi Li ◽

Lintao Wu ◽

Guoliang Qiu ◽

Tao Wang ◽

Chunhong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Metabolic Profiling ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Human Consumption

Decreasing saturated fatty acids and increasing monounsaturated fatty acids are desirable to improve oil for food. Seed oil content and fatty acid composition are affected by genotype and environment. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the agronomic traits and fatty acid metabolic profiling of Brassica napus (B. napus) seeds at different developmental stages in high level of oleic acid (HOA), medium level of oleic acid (MOA), and low level of oleic acid (LOA) B. napus cultivars, both sown in winter and summer. The results showed that all winter-sown cultivars produced 20% more seed yield than the summer-sown crop. The longer growing period of winter-sown B. napus resulted in higher biomass production. However, the fatty acid metabolism of individual cultivars was different between winter-sown rape (WAT) and summer-sown rape (SAT). The absolute fatty acid content of LOA and MOA cultivars in WAT were significantly higher than that in SAT, but that of HOA was opposite. Importantly, the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (18:1; 20:1) in SAT were far more than those in WAT. These data indicate the quality of oil from the HOA in SAT is more suitable for human consumption than that in WAT.

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Factors influencing fatty acids in meat and the role of antioxidants in improving meat quality

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19970134 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. S49-S60 ◽

Cited By ~ 335

Author(s):

J. D. Wood ◽

M. Enser

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽

Acid Ratio

Meat has been identified, often wrongly, as a food having a high fat content and an undesirable balance of fatty acids. In fact lean meat is very low in fat (20–50g/kg), pork and poultry have a favourable balance between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (P:S) and grazing ruminants produce muscle with a desirable n–6:n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio. In all species, meat fatty acid composition can be changed via the diet, more easily in single-stomached pigs and poultry where the linoleic, α-linolenic and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content responds quickly to raised dietary concentrations. Recent work in pigs has attempted to manipulate the n–6:n–3 ratio by feeding higher levels of α-linolenic acid (e.g. in rapeseed) or its products eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) present in fish oils. In ruminants the challenge is to increase the P:S ratio whilst retaining values for n–6: n–3 found in cattle and sheep fed on forage diets. The saturating effect of the rumen can be overcome by feeding polyunsaturated fatty acids which are protected either chemically, by processing, or naturally e.g. within the seed coat. Some protection occurs when grain-based or grass-based diets are fed normally, leading to relatively more n–6 or n–3 fatty acids respectively. These produce different flavours in cooked meat due to the different oxidative changes occurring during storage and cooking. In pigs and poultry, high n–3 fatty acid concentrations in meat are associated with fishy flavours whose development can be prevented with high dietary (supranutritional) levels of the antioxidant vitamin E. In ruminants, supranutritional vitamin E delays the oxidative change of oxymyoglobin to brown metmyoglobin and may also influence the characteristic flavours of beef and lamb.

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PROFIL ASAM LEMAK MINYAK IKAN SELAR (Selaroides leptolesis) DENGAN BERBAGAI LEVEL PENAMBAHAN BUBUK KEMANGI (Ocimum bacilicum)

KAUDERNI : Journal of Fisheries, Marine and Aquatic Science ◽

10.47384/kauderni.v2i2.50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 147-152

Author(s):

Minarny Gobel ◽

Anita Treisya Aristawati ◽

Steven Yoputra

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Chemistry Laboratory ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

This study aimed to know the profile and composition of fatty acid consisting of polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and saturated fatty acid (SFA) in selar fish oil (selaroides leptolesis) with various levels of basil powder (Ocimum basilicum)². The research was conducted at the Animal Product Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries of Tadulako University. The research using 4 treatments and 3 replications with treatment M0 = 10 ml fish oil + 0% Basil Powder, M1 = 10 ml fish oil + 2% Basil Powder, M2 = 10 ml fish oil + 4% Basil Powder, M3 = 10 ml fish oil + 6% Basil Powder, each treatment repeated 3 times so that there are 12 experimental units. Fatty acid profile analysis using GCMS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), conducted in Organic Chemistry Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UGM Jogjakarta. The results of this study showed that 10 ml fish oil with various levels of basil powder added 18 types of fatty acids belonging to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA). It can be concluded that the addition of 6% powder of basil can defend SFA and increase MUFA and PUFA.

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Saturated fatty acid-induced cardiomyopathy with diastolic dysfunction can be ameliorated by changing the quality of fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acid

Archives of Medical Science ◽

10.5114/aoms/142428 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tsunehisa Yamamoto ◽

Jin Endo ◽

Masaharu Kataoka ◽

Yoshinori Katsumata ◽

Kohsuke Shirakawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Er Stress ◽

Diastolic Dysfunction ◽

Knockout Mice ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Wild Type

IntroductionLipotoxicity due to obesity is known to lead to cardiac dysfunction. In an earlier study, we found that an increase in the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the membrane of cardiomyocytes causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Such stress is hypothesized to be involved in development of SFA-related cardiomyopathy. Another factor affecting the membrane SFA/MUFA ratio is suppression by SFA of SIRT1-mediated stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), which is involved in converting SFA to MUFA. Therefore, we evaluated whether increasing dietary intake of MUFA can improve the membrane SFA/MUFA ratio.Material and methodsWild-type mice (n = 30) and cardiomyocyte-specific SIRT1 knockout mice (n = 30) were randomly divided into 3 groups and assigned to 16 weeks of a standard mouse diet, 16 weeks of an SFA-rich high-lard diet (HLD), or 8 weeks of a HLD followed by 8 weeks of a MUFA-rich high olive oil diet (HOD switch).ResultsCompared with the control group, the wild-type mice on the HOD diet showed normalized SIRT1-mediated SCD1 signaling, increased membrane SFA/MUFA ratio, decreased ER stress, and improved cardiomyopathy variables. The HLD-fed SIRT1 knockout mice showed greater changes in the SFA/MUFA ratio, ER stress, and cardiomyopathy variables than the wild-type mice. Switching from HLD to HOD ameliorated these phenotypes, although it did not restore the reduced expression of SCD1.ConclusionsThe MUFA-rich diet was found to have a therapeutic effect on SFA-induced cardiomyopathy with diastolic dysfunction by directly rebalancing membrane fatty acid oversaturation and indirectly through the de-inhibition of SIRT1/SCD1 signaling.

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Quality of Meat from Female Fallow Deer (Dama Dama) and Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) Hunted in Serbia

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2019-0064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 245-262

Author(s):

Snežana Ivanović ◽

Boris Pisinov ◽

Marija Pavlović ◽

Ivan Pavlović

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Acid Content ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractDeer meat is a high quality and valuable food for human consumption. It has high nutritive value because of its high protein and heme iron content, and low levels of fats and saturated fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the quality parameters of meat from fallow deer and roe deer that were hunted in Serbia. Parameters studied were live weight, carcass weight, chemical composition of meat, color, fatty acid content of meat, volatile compounds, and sensory characteristics. The results obtained show no significant difference in the chemical composition of these two species of deer meat, but there were differences regarding fatty acid content, volatile compounds, color and sensory properties of meat. The ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the deer meat ranged from 0.387 to 0.556. The results suggest that deer species has a significant impact on the fatty acid profile and content of volatile compounds of deer meat.

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Difference in fatty acid composition and related nutritional indices of meat between two lines of slow-growing chickens slaughtered at different ages

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-59-319-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 319-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Teodora Popova ◽

Maya Ignatova ◽

Evgeni Petkov ◽

Nikola Stanišić

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Desaturase Activity ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

The Individual ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Total Pufa

Abstract. The fatty acid profile and the related indices of the nutritional quality of breast and thigh muscles were studied in two lines of chickens – La Belle (LB) and White Plymouth Rock (WPR) – slaughtered at the age of 9 and 18 weeks. The fatty acid profile was more affected by the age than the line of the birds; however, the influence of both differed between the breast and thigh. The content of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increased in the thigh (P <  0.01), while that of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) decreased with age in both muscles (P <  0.001). This corresponded to the significant decrease in C18:1 in the older chickens and the lower desaturase activity (P <  0.001). The contents of C20:4n-6, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 and the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast were higher (P < 0.001) at the age of 18 weeks. A similar pattern in the individual and total PUFA was observed in the thighs. The effect of line was more visible in the breast, leading to a lower C14:0 content and C20:5n-3 and a higher C18:0 content in the WPR chickens (P <  0.001), corresponding to the higher elongase and thioesterase indices in these birds. Both atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI) indices were lowered, while the ratio of hypocholesterolemic ∕ hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (h ∕ H) and polyunsaturated ∕ saturated fatty acids (P ∕ S) increased in the breast of the birds at 18 weeks. In breast and thigh meat, the ratio of n-6 ∕ n-3 PUFA decreased in the older chickens (P <  0.001).

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Analysis of Fatty Acids in Breastmilk During a 9-month Lactation Period Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS)

International Journal of Health Science and Technology ◽

10.31101/ijhst.v2i1.1830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Titin Aryani ◽

Dwi Ernawati ◽

Henny Parida Hutapea

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Content ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Omega 6

Breastmilk is very much needed to meet the needs of babies in every way because it contains important nutrients, carbohydrates in the form of lactose, and fatty acids in the form of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Research on fatty acid content in breastmilk with a lactation period of 9 months is needed to provide information to the public related to fatty acid content of breastmilk during 9 months lactation. The study is to analyze fatty acid content in the form of saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fat contained in breast milk. Breastmilk taken in the study was as much as 50 ml in a 250 ml erlenmeyer solution. To the sample 50 ml of concentrated, HCL concentration was added as much as 5 m and then the solution was beat for 15 minutes and was exposed ultrasonic therapy for 1 hour. The solution was then extracted using n-hexane and aquabidest solution until the milk oil solution was separated. Milk oil was extracted by adding 50 ml of Na2SO4 1 m then deciphere was performed. The breastmilk milk extraction oil was weighed 0.1 gram in a Teflon-filled reaction tube. A 15% BF3 solution in methanol was added 0.5 ml and then was heated in an air bath with a temperature of 45 ° C for 30 minutes. After cooling, solution of 0.2 ml of n-hexane was added to form two layers. The upper layer which was fatty acid methyl ester was taken by using syringe and then was injected in GC-MS. In this study, the total saturated fatty acid was 42.54% and the total unsaturated fatty acid was 57.17%. Saturated fatty acids consisted of lauric, myristic, palmitate, and stearate. Omega-6 fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids consisted of omega-9 fatty acids. In Mother's Milk with 9 months lactation period there are various fatty acid content of both saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (omega-9) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-6).

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Oilseeds native to the Cerrado have fatty acid profile beneficial for cardiovascular health

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652016000600010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 859-866 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Aline Medeiros ALVES ◽

Daniela Canuto FERNANDES ◽

Jullyana Freitas BORGES ◽

Amanda Goulart de Oliveira SOUSA ◽

Maria Margareth Veloso NAVES

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Brazil Nut ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Edible Seeds

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess and compare the fatty acid composition of edible seeds and a nut native to the Cerrado (Brazilian savannah) to that of traditional oilseeds. Methods: Baru almonds, Cerrado cashew nuts, and pequi almonds were extracted from the fruits using appropriate equipment. All edible seeds and nuts were roasted, except for the Brazil nut. The sample lipids were extracted via cold pressing. The fatty acids were esterified, and the fatty acid esters were analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: The native and traditional edible seeds and nuts contain mostly monounsaturated fatty acids (42.72 g to 63.44 g/100 g), except for the Brazil nut, which showed predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (45.48 g/100 g). Pequi almond had the highest saturated fatty acid content (36.14 g/100 g). The fatty acids with the highest concentration were oleic and linoleic acids, and palmitic acid was also found in considerable concentration in the oilseeds studied. The Cerrado cashew nut and the traditional cashew nut have similar fatty acid profiles. As for the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3, the baru almond showed the highest ratio, 9:1, which was the closest to the recommended intake of these fatty acids. Conclusion: The fatty acid profile of the edible seeds and nuts native to the cerrado is similar to those of traditional oilseeds. We suggest the inclusion of native oilseeds in the diet aiming at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, especially the baru almond and the cerrado cashew nut, due to the fact they have high ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipids Extracted from Arctoscopus japonicus Eggs on LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17100580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 580

Author(s):

Weerawan Rod-in ◽

Chaiwat Monmai ◽

Sang-min Lee ◽

Seok-Kyu Jung ◽

SangGuan You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Cold Water ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

No Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Arctoscopus japonicus is a cold-water marine fish. The present study investigated the fatty acid composition of A. japonicus egg lipids and their anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW246.7 macrophages. The results showed that A. japonicus egg lipids contained primarily polyunsaturated fatty acids (52.9% of the total fatty acid content; mostly eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 21.2 ± 0.5%] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 25.9 ± 0.1%]), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids (23.7% and 23.4%, respectively). A. japonicus egg lipids significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and suppressed the expression of immune-associated genes such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α LPS-stimulated RAW246.7 macrophages in dose-dependent manner. A. japonicus egg lipids also reduced the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p-65, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, key components of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, suggesting that the lipid-induced anti-inflammatory activity is related to these signaling pathways. These results indicate that the lipids extracted from A. japonicus eggs have potential biofunctions and might be useful for regulating inflammation in macrophages.

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STUDI PERBANDINGAN PROFIL ASAM LEMAK PADA IKAN SIDAT (Anguilla marmorata) DAN SIDAT (Anguilla bicolor) ASAL DANAU POSO KABUPATEN POSO PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH

Biocelebes ◽

10.22487/bioceb.v14i1.15089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 79-93

Author(s):

Dewi Muhtiani ◽

Nurlina Ibrahim ◽

Jamaluddin Jamaluddin

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Anguilla Marmorata ◽

Two Samples

Sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata) and Sidat fish (Anguilla bicolor) originate from Poso lake are endemic fish of Central Sulawesi but unknown its nutritional content. This study aims to determine the type, amount of composition and differences in the composition of fatty acids in Sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata) and Sidat fish (Anguilla bicolor). Testing fatty acid composition using Gas Chromatography method by converting fat extraction result into FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) form. The results showed that the amount of fatty acid content was not significant between the two samples. The fatty acid compositions found in Sidat (Anguilla marmorata) A, B and C fish include saturated fatty acids (2.62%), (2.81%), and (2.6%), monounsaturated fatty acids (1.98% ), (1.99%), and (10.1%), compound unsaturated fatty acids (0.635%), (0.812%), and (2.56%), mean while Sidat fish (Anguilla bicolor) A, B and C include saturated fatty acids (2.7%), (2.86%), and (12.704%), monounsaturated fatty acids (1.99%), (2.52%), (10.147%), and fatty acids unsaturated compounds (0.693%), (0.86%), and (2.615%).

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