scholarly journals Aggregation of plaque disclosing agent in a dentifrice

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Dias da Silva ◽  
Camila da Silva Gonçalo ◽  
Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa ◽  
Ronaldo Seichi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Plaque Removal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages

Dental plaque removal is an important issue in health promotion. Toothbrushing is one of the main methods employed for such purpose, since it can prevent dental caries by means of the fluoride present in the dentifrice. Dentifrices might contain plaque disclosing agents and thus allow dental plaque observation. The aim of this study was to assess whether utilization of a plaque disclosing agent interfered with plaque removal among adolescents, as well as the difference between utilization of erythrosine tablets and dentifrices containing plaque disclosing agent. The sample was composed of 62 students from Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, aged 12 to 14 years old, divided into 3 groups: G1 or control group (toothbrushing without plaque disclosure); G2 (plaque disclosing with an erythrosine tablet and toothbrushing) and G3 (toothbrushing with dentifrice containing plaque disclosing agent). After toothbrushing, disclosure of the remaining dental plaque was performed in all groups with a fuchsin tablet and measured through the Simplified Oral Health Assessment Index (OHI-S), in two stages with a 2-month interval between them. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no difference in the OHI-S index between the groups (p>0.05), however the G3 displayed a higher proportion of students with plaque reduction (23%) than G2 (21%), besides the smallest difference in the mean remaining dental plaque. There was no difference between groups; however, it was suggested that the dentifrice with plaque disclosing agent had positive results in relation to the erythrosine tablet, even though the small sample size may have interfered with the results, indicating the need of complementary studies.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Perioperative Outcome after Intravenous Tranexamic Acid:

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Jenna Marie C. Quiroga ◽  
Peter Simon R. Jarin
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: To determine the effect of a single intravenous dose of tranexamic acid on intraoperative bleeding, duration of surgery, and surgical field visualization during endoscopic sinus surgery.   Methods:             Study Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.             Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital in Quezon City             Participants: 10 patients aged 18-75 years old diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis and unresponsive to medical treatment, who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery from September 2016 to August 2017, were randomly allocated to treatment group and control group respectively. The “odd” numbers were assigned to the treatment group (intravenous Tranexamic acid) given 1 dose of 100mg/ml (500mg tranexamic acid per 5 ml) tranexamic acid slow intravenous drip 1 hour prior to the procedure, while the “even” numbers assigned to the control group received the same amount of normal saline solution.   Results: The mean duration of surgery of the tranexamic group was 185 minutes (standard deviation, SD 55.23) and the control group was 122.6 minutes (SD 42.03) showing no significant difference (p=.08). The mean blood loss of the tranexamic group was less at 240ml (SD 108.39) compared with the control group at 290ml (SD 74.16), although there was no statistically significant difference (p=.42). Intraoperative surgical field assessed by the surgeon based on the Boezart grading scale showed that 2 (40%) of the tranexamic group had higher bleeding score compared with the placebo group. However, this was not found to be statistically significant (p=.460). Due to the small sample size, a type II error occurred with alpha level of 0.05 and estimated power of 0.0885, with not enough basis to refute that a single dose of intravenous tranexamic acid has no effect in improving surgical field visualization during endoscopic sinus surgery. No drug side effects were noted after administration until after surgery.   Conclusion: Single dose intravenous tranexamic acid in functional endoscopic sinus surgery decreased mean intraoperative blood loss (but this was statistically insignificant), but its effect on surgical field visualization cannot totally be assessed due to small sample size. There was also no change in the observed duration of surgery. No untoward side effects associated were noted from administration of the drug until after the surgery finished.   Keywords: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, intravenous tranexamic acid, chronic rhinosinusitis

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of S100B serum levels and clinical factors in youth patients with mood disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rajewska-Rager ◽  
Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz ◽  
Pawel Kapelski ◽  
Natalia Lepczynska ◽  
Joanna Pawlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Depressed Group

AbstractMood disorders have been discussed as being in relation to glial pathology. S100B is a calcium-binding protein, and a marker of glial dysfunctions. Although alterations in the S100B expression may play a role in various central nervous system diseases, there are no studies on the potential role of S100B in mood disorders in adolescents and young adults . In a prospective two-year follow-up study, peripheral levels of S100B were investigated in 79 adolescent/young adult patients (aged 14–24 years), diagnosed with mood disorders and compared with 31 healthy control subjects. A comprehensive clinical interview was conducted which focused on clinical symptoms and diagnosis change. The diagnosis was established and verified at each control visit. Serum S100B concentrations were determined. We detected: lower S100B levels in medicated patients, compared with those who were drug-free, and healthy controls; higher S100B levels in a depressed group with a family history of affective disorder; correlations between age and medication status; sex-dependent differences in S100B levels; and lack a of correlation between the severity of depressive or hypo/manic symptoms. The results of our study indicate that S100B might be a trait-dependent rather than a state-dependent marker. Due to the lack of such studies in the youth population, further research should be performed. A relatively small sample size, a lack of exact age-matched control group, a high drop-out rate.

ECT rekindles pharmacological response in schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hustig ◽  
R. Onilov
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Pharmacological Response ◽  
Maintenance Ect

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of our naturalistic-observational study was to determine the efficacy and utility of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in clinical population of individuals with schizophrenia where pharmacological response was suboptimal.MethodsThe cohort comprised 27 patients suffering from schizophrenia with refractoriness to antipsychotic agents and with severe, disabling symptoms. They only interventional assessing tool was clinical global impression (CGI-S) performed at the baseline and at the end of the treatment.ResultsThe administration of ECT resulted in overall clinical improvement reflected in CGI scales and descriptions in clinical notes. On 12 months follow-up period, 10 patients (37.1%) maintained improvement and were able to continue with pharmacological therapy only, suggesting its rekindling effect, especially with Clozapine. Conversely, 17 patients (62.9%) deteriorated and required an additional course of ECT to maintain improvement. In some cases, maintenance ECT treatment was required. The group who engaged in self-harming behaviour at baseline demonstrated they were more likely to relapse into psychosis at the end of the first course of ECT, their self-harming behaviour abated, especially when maintenance ECT was undertaken.ConclusionsAlthough limited by lack of control group, small sample size, heterogeneous symptom profiles and various concurrent neuroleptic agents, the ECT proved as valuable and safe augmentative procedure when unsatisfactory response to pharmacological interventions had been demonstrated prior to interventions. This effect was evident despite the chronicity of the illness.

Stillbirth Rate and Weight at Birth of Quintuplets in Japan

1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
The Mean

AbstractNation-wide data in Japan on births and prenatal deaths of 16 sets of quintuplets during 1974-1985 were analysed. Among the 16 sets, 3 sets were liveborn, 8 were stillborn, and 5 were mixed, with a stillbirth rate of 0.64 (51/80). Effects of sex, maternal age and birth order on the stillbirth rate were not considered because of the small sample size. Effects of gestational age and birthweight on stillbirth rate were also examined. The mean weight of the 40 quintuplet individuals was 1,048 g.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Acetaminophen-Related Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies in Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Jiajun Zhong ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Shuisheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group

Objective: The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in acetaminophen-induced liver injury has been investigated in animal experiments, but individual studies with a small sample size cannot be used to draw a clear conclusion. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies to explore the potential of using MSCs in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Methods: Eight databases were searched for studies reporting the effects of MSCs on acetaminophen hepatoxicity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies was applied to assess the methodological quality. A meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 and STATA/SE 16.0 software. Results: Eleven studies involving 159 animals were included according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Significant associations were found for MSCs with the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (standardized mean difference (SMD) − 2.58, p < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (SMD − 1.75, p = 0.001), glutathione (GSH) (SMD 3.7, p < 0.0001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD 1.86, p = 0.022), interleukin 10 (IL-10) (SMD 5.14, p = 0.0002) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (SMD − 4.48, p = 0.011) compared with those in the control group. The subgroup analysis showed that the tissue source of MSCs significantly affected the therapeutic efficacy (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis results demonstrate that MSCs could be a potential treatment for acetaminophen-related liver injury.

scholarly journals An experimental study on the effects of exposure to magazine advertising on children's food choices

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C Jones ◽  
Lisa Kervin
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Children's Magazines ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Effects On Children

AbstractObjectiveThe present study sought to determine the feasibility of an experimental research design to investigate the effects of exposure to magazine advertising on children's food choices.DesignChildren were randomized to read either a magazine with food advertisements or a magazine with no food advertisements. They then chose two food items from the intervention ‘store’ to eat after the session. Data were also collected on attitudes to advertising and snack food preferences. Finally, participants’ parents were provided with a self-completion survey on food choices and other variables (n24).SettingThree vacation care centres in regional New South Wales, Australia.SubjectsChildren aged 5–12 years (n47).ResultsChildren in the experimental condition were more likely to choose advertised foods than those in the control group. Interestingly, the majority reported taste and healthiness as the most important factors in snack food choices; however, when faced with the actual food choice, they predominantly chose unhealthy foods (eighty-two unhealthy and only twelve healthy items were chosen).ConclusionsThis was the first study to assess the effects on children of exposure to food advertising within the context of reading a child-targeted magazine. Importantly, even with the small sample size and venue limitations, we found that exposure to magazine advertising influenced food choices. Children's magazines are an under-researched and poorly regulated medium, with considerable potential to influence children's food choices. The present study shows that the methodology is feasible, and future studies could replicate this with larger samples.

scholarly journals True and Pseudo Cholinesterase levels in short and long-term of pesticides exposures

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Raghunatha Rao D ◽  
Vasantha L
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The present study is aimed to study and analyze the true and pseudo Cholinesterase levels in the subjects exposed to pesticides during short term by intentional or accidental intake and long term exposure due to their occupation were studied at Department of Biochemistry, SVS medical college and hospital mahbubnagar district. Whole blood cholinesterase levels and Pseudo cholinesterase levels were estimated. 150 people were taken as controls who had no medical illness and a total number of 300 cases of pesticide poisoning were selected, aged between 20 to 55 years, which consist of 150 acute poisoning and 150 chronic poisoning subjects in Mahbubnagar district, were taken as case study, the detailed case history and the type of organophosphorus pesticide taken were recorded. Mean and standard deviation (S.D) of all variables were calculated and compared with those of controls. Statistical significance was assessed and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.           During acute poisoning the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase/True cholinesterase (U / L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 1.267± 0.612 on 3th day was 1.651±0.647, on 7th day was 2.221±0.684 and at the end of 6 months was 3.970±0.404.The difference between the study group and control group (4.0 ± 0.39) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 2213.05 ± 1749.81, on 3th day was 2862.3 ± 2025.6, on 7th day was 4008.4 ± 2355.9 and at the end of 6 months was 7708.34 ± 880.72.The difference between the study group and control group (7991.97 ± 1276.5) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. During chronic poisoning (exposure) the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase (U/L) in controls is 4.0 ± 0.39 as compared to 3.019 ± 0.848 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in controls was 7991.97 ± 1276.5 as compared to 6214 ± 1189 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN LAY-UP SHOOT BOLA BASKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the cooperative learning model type student team's achievement division has on basketball shoot lay-up skills. The research method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method. The type of research design used was the non-equivalent group design. The population in this study were students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Majalengka in 2019 totaling 424 students. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster random sampling technique. The sample in this study amounted to 214 students consisting of class XI IPS 1-4 and XI MIPA 7-8. The experimental group class XI IPS 1-2 and XI MIPA, control group class XI IPS 3-4 and XI MIPA 8. The results showed that the mean pre-test lay-up shoot of the experimental group was 4.09 while the control group was 3.92. The mean post-test shoot lay-up of the experimental group was 6.76 while the control group was 4.72. Furthermore, by looking at 95% confidence interval of the difference, there is a difference between the shoot lay-up results of the experimental group and the control group, which is -0.190 to 2.412. Thus, it can be concluded that STAD is effective in improving basketball shoot lay-up skills.

scholarly journals Urine CA-2 as a biomarker for diagnosis urinary stone and prediction of its complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-jing Leng ◽  
Hai-bin Zhou ◽  
Jiang-ling Fu ◽  
Wen-juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract PURPOSECarbonic anhydrase-2 (CA-2) plays a role in mineralization and calcification in organism. Strong evidence suggests that CA-2 is associated with urolithiasis. However, the relationship between CA-2 and urinary stone remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the association of urine CA-2 (uCA-2) level and the potential risk of urinary stone.METHODSFrom March 2017 to November 2019, a prospective cohort study was conducted on patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects to determine the pretreatment uCA-2 level detection by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The difference of uCA-2 level between patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects was compared. Then comparison between stone patients with complications and without complications was carried out as well as correlation analysis to detect factors associated with biomarker expression.RESULTS118 patients with urinary stones were into urinary stones group and 42 healthy subjects were into healthy control group. The mean pretreatment uCA-2 level was significantly higher in patients with urinary stones group than healthy controls group (P=0.028). Furthermore, The uCA-2 level was positive correlation with urinary stones complications (R=0.379, P=0.000), especially pain complications (R=0.524, P=0.000) and hematuria complications (R=0.374, P=0.000). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis that a uCA-2 level threshold of 10.94 ng/mL had 83.67% sensitivity and 68.12% specificity for predicting urinary stones complications. CONCLUSIONSExcessive uCA-2 excretion is a major risk factor for urinary stone. Our findings suggested that uCA-2 may be used as an unappreciated biomarker for the diagnosis urinary stone in patients and to predict its complications.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X AP PADA MATA AJAR SANITASI, HYGIENE DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA DI SMK PARIWISATA TRIATMA JAYA SINGARAJA TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Yulianitias Yulianitias ◽  
Cokorda Istri Raka Marsiti ◽  
Luh Masdarini
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Model Problem ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Academic Year

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan dari penggunaan model Problem Based Learning berbasis lingkungan terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X-AP mata ajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan kerja di SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Non equivalent Only Control Group Design. Objek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua kelas sampel, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Metode pemilihan sampel penelitian adalah dengan teknik random sampling. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa, kemudian melakukan pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan teknik uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh thitung 7,641 dan ttabel (pada taraf signifikansi 5%) = 3,460. Hal ini berarti bahwa thitung> ttabel, sehingga dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa X AP Di SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan Problem Based Learning berbasis lingkungan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan metode konvensional. Dilihat dari hasil perhitungan rata-rata hasil belajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan kerja kelompok eksperimen adalah 81 lebih besar dari rata-rata hasil belajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan kerja kelompok kontrol yaitu 76 Kata kunci: Hasil belajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan Kerja, Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbasis Lingkungan ABSTRACT The study aimed at finding out the difference of implementation of problem based learning model with environmental basis towards the achievement of class XAP students on the subjects of sanitation, hygiene, and workplace safety at SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja on the academic year 2018/2019. The research was designed with non equivalent only group control. The objects were two classes of samples, namely controlled and sample classes. Random sampling method was apllied to determine the sample of the research. The data were gathered by using test to find out the achievement of the students , then examining the hypothesis was done by implementing t-examiner technique. The results show that tvalue is 7,641 and ttable (at level of significance 5%) = 3,460. It means that tvalue> ttable. It can be interpreted that there is a significant effect towards the students’ahievement of class X AP at SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja. The group of students that were treated with Problem Based Learning with the environmental basis got the mean score 81 for sanitation, hygiene, and workplace safety, it is higher than those who were treated with conventional method (controlled group).Key words : achievement, sanitation, hygiene, and workplace safety Model

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