scholarly journals Pervious concrete made with electric furnace slag (FEA): mechanical and hydraulic properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. B. SANDOVAL ◽  
I. GALOBARDES ◽  
C. DIAS ◽  
A. CAMPOS ◽  
B. M. TORALLES
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Hydraulic Behavior ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract The objective of this work is to make feasible the use of FEA slag instead of the conventional bulk aggregate in the pervious concrete (PC) production, reaching the minimum parameters required by NBR16416/2015 and ACI 522R-10. This substitution would minimize the use of natural aggregates, besides taking advantage of a residue that has no specific destination. In order to reach the objective, three FEAs with different grain sizes were chosen: 6-10 mm (A), 10-20 mm (B) and finally a mixture of the two previous ones (C) in the proportion 30-70 respectively. In order to evaluate its mechanical behavior, tests of compressive strength and flexural tensile tests were carried out, while the evaluation of the hydraulic behavior, porosity and constant head permeability test were performed. The compressive strength varies from 19-31MPa and 3-4MPa for flexural tensile strength was obtained. In hydraulic terms, the porosity varied from 15-20% and the permeability coefficient was 10-12mm/s. There is also a direct influence of grains of size less than 4.8 mm (small aggregate) on the compressive strength and permeability of PCs. At the end of the results, it was possible to establish a correlation between the compressive strength, the permeability and the percentage of grains inferior to 4.8mm (sand%), being this positive in relation to the studied variables, that is, the mechanical and hydraulics. Therefore, it has been concluded that the total substitution of conventional aggregates by FEA in CoPe manufacturing will comply with the minimum parameters of NBR 16416/2015.

Influence of Aggregate and Binder Content on the Properties of Pervious Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 838 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Marek Kováč ◽  
Alena Sicakova
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Hydraulic Activity ◽  
Furnace Slag

This study introduces the experiment based on following parameters: kind of aggregate (natural river gravel and air-cooled blast furnace slag), the aggregate gradation and content of binder. Main properties such as compressive strength, void content and hydraulic conductivity of pervious concrete were investigated in the experiment. The experiment showed satisfactory results in the case of pervious concrete made of natural aggregate. Results of pervious concrete made of air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates are perspective, however needs for some optimizations. Results confirmed the opposite relationship between compressive strength and void content/hydraulic activity. ACBFS performs worse than NA as for compressive strength, while it performs better in the case of hydraulic conductivity and void content.

Properties of GGBFS-Based Pervious Concrete Containing Fly Ash and Silica Fume

2017 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jul Endawati
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Furnace Slag

Pervious concrete primarily is used as a means of storm water management. Taking into consideration the environment issues, the binder can also be formed by partially replaced Portland cement by cementitious materials, such as blast furnace slag fine powder, fly ash and silica fume. The combination of the binder materials was determined based on previous work, which composed of 56% Portland Composite Cement, 15% fly ash Type F, 26% air-cooled blast furnace slag from a local steel Industry and 3% condensed silica fume. The compressive strength of specimens with coarser aggregate was lower compared with the control pervious concrete, but still within the range of the requirement compressive strength according to ACI 522R-2010. The difference of the aggregate size affected the enhancement of the compressive strength. The flexural strength of pervious concrete with aggregate size of 9.5mm-12.5mm tend to be higher compared with that of pervious concrete with smaller aggregate size. Furthermore, the addition of 6% natural fine aggregate while applying higher water/cement ratio could be a contribution to the enhancement of the compressive and the flexural strength.

The Influence of the Properties of the Material Used for Obtaining Geopolymers on Their Structure and Compressive Strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187
Author(s):  
Ilenuta Severin ◽  
Maria Vlad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Straw Ash

This article presents the influence of the properties of the materials in the geopolymeric mixture, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) + wheat straw ash (WSA) + uncalcined red mud (RMu), and ground granulated blast furnace slag + wheat straw ash + calcined red mud (RMc), over the microstructure and mechanical properties of the synthesised geopolymers. The activation solutions used were a NaOH solution with 8M concentration, and a solution realised from 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3. The samples were analysed: from the microstructural point of view through SEM microscopy; the chemical composition was determined through EDX analysis; and the compressive strength tests was done for samples tested at 7 and 28 days, respectively. The SEM micrographies of the geopolymers have highlighted a complex structure and an variable compressive strength. Compressive strength varied from 24 MPa in the case of the same recipe obtained from 70% of GGBFS + 25% WSA +5% RMu, alkaline activated with NaOH 8M (7 days testing) to 85 MPa in the case of the recipe but replacing RMu with RMc with calcined red mud, alkaline activated with the 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3 solution (28 days testing). This variation in the sense of the rise in compressive strength can be attributed to the difference in reactivity of the materials used in the recipes, the curing period, the geopolymers structure, and the presence of a lower or higher rate of pores, as well as the alkalinity and the nature of the activation solutions used.

scholarly journals Waste-Based One-Part Alkali Activated Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2911
Author(s):  
Margarida Gonçalves ◽  
Inês Silveirinha Vilarinho ◽  
Marinélia Capela ◽  
Ana Caetano ◽  
Rui Miguel Novais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
High Compressive Strength ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

Ordinary Portland Cement is the most widely used binder in the construction sector; however, a very high carbon footprint is associated with its production process. Consequently, more sustainable alternative construction materials are being investigated, namely, one-part alkali activated materials (AAMs). In this work, waste-based one-part AAMs binders were developed using only a blast furnace slag, as the solid precursor, and sodium metasilicate, as the solid activator. For the first time, mortars in which the commercial sand was replaced by two exhausted sands from biomass boilers (CA and CT) were developed. Firstly, the characterization of the slag and sands (aggregates) was performed. After, the AAMs fresh and hardened state properties were evaluated, being the characterization complemented by FTIR and microstructural analysis. The binder and the mortars prepared with commercial sand presented high compressive strength values after 28 days of curing-56 MPa and 79 MPa, respectively. The mortars developed with exhausted sands exhibit outstanding compressive strength values, 86 and 70 MPa for CT and CA, respectively, and the other material’s properties were not affected. Consequently, this work proved that high compressive strength waste-based one-part AAMs mortars can be produced and that it is feasible to use another waste as aggregate in the mortar’s formulations: the exhausted sands from biomass boilers.

Effect of CO2 Curing on the Strength of High Strength Pervious Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Ming Gin Lee ◽  
Yung Chih Wang ◽  
Wan Xuan Xiao ◽  
Ming Ju Lee ◽  
Tuz Yuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Curing Pressure

This study was conducted to assess the effect of CO2 curing on the compressive strength of high strength pervious concrete. The factors studied to evaluate compressive strength of concrete on CO2 curing pressure, curing time, and age of specimen at testing. Three Aggregate sizes, three CO2 curing pressures, three CO2 curing time, and three testing ages were used in this investigation. The research tried to produce a high strength pervious concrete and use carbon dioxide for curing to find out whether it could enhance the compressive strength. The results show that the compressive strength of the control group increases rapidly and its 90-day compressive strength closed to 60 MPa. The 1-day compressive strength has a major impact after CO2 curing and their strength decreased by about 0% to 50% as compared to the control group. However, it is observed that there is only slight difference in relationship between modulus of elasticity and compressive strength obtained from 100 by 200mm cylinders with CO2 curing.

High Temperature Deformation Mechanism Maps of NiAl

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
I.G. Lee ◽  
A.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Temperature Strain

In order to analyze high temperature deformation behavior of NiAl alloys, deformation maps were constructed for stoichiometric NiAl materials with grain sizes of 4 and 200 µm. Relevant constitute equations and calculation method will be described in this paper. These maps are particularly useful in identifying the location of testing domains, such as creep and tensile tests, in relation to the stress-temperature-strain rate domains experienced by NiAl.

Optimization of Concrete Porous Mix Using Slag as Substitute Material for Cement and Aggregates

2017 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jul Endawati ◽  
Rochaeti ◽  
R. Utami
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Furnace Slag

In recent years, sustainability and environmental effect of concrete became the main concern. Substituting cement with the other cementitious material without decreasing mechanical properties of a mixture could save energy, reduce greenhouse effect due to mining, calcination and limestone refining. Therefore, some industrial by-products such as fly ash, silica fume, and Ground Iron Blast Furnace Slag (GIBFS) would be used in this study to substitute cement and aggregate. This substitution would be applied on the porous concrete mixture to minimize the environmental effect. Slag performance will be optimized by trying out variations of fly ash, silica fume, and slag as cement substitution material in mortar mixture. The result is narrowed into two types of substitution. First, reviewed from the fly ash substitution effect on binder material, highest compressive strength 16.2 MPa was obtained from mixture composition 6% fly ash, 3% silica fume and 17% grinding granular blast-furnace slag. Second, reviewed from slag types as cement substitution and silica fume substitution, highest compressive strength 15.2 MPa was obtained from mortar specimens with air-cooled blast furnace slag. It composed with binder material 56% Portland composite cement, 15% fly ash, 3% silica fume and 26% air-cooled blast furnace slag. Considering the cement substitution, the latter mixture was chosen.

scholarly journals Tensile Behaviour of FRCM Composites for Strengthening of Masonry Structures—An Experimental Investigation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3626
Author(s):  
Łukasz Hojdys ◽  
Piotr Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Cracking Pattern ◽  
Direct Tensile

This paper presents the results of direct tensile tests performed on six different FRCM (fabric reinforced cementitious matrix) strengthening systems used for masonry structures. The emphasis was placed on the determination of the mechanical parameters of each tested system and a comparison of their tensile behaviour in terms of first crack stress, ultimate stress, ultimate strain, cracking pattern, failure mode and idealised tensile stress-strain curve. In addition to the basic mechanical tensile parameters, accidental load eccentricities, matrix tensile strengths, and matrix modules of elasticity were estimated. The results of the tests showed that the tensile behaviour of FRCM composites strongly depends on the parameters of the constituent materials (matrix and fabric). In the tests, tensile failure of reinforcement and fibre slippage within the matrix were observed. The presented research showed that the accidental eccentricities did not substantially affect the obtained results and that the more slender the specimen used, the more consistent the obtained results. The analysis based on a rule of mixtures showed that the direct tensile to flexural tensile strength ratio of the matrixes used in the test was 0.2 to 0.4. Finally, the tensile stress–strain relationship for the tested FRCMs was idealised by a bi- or tri-linear curve.

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