Does Resistance to Propanil or Clomazone Alter the Growth and Competitive Abilities of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)?

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Prashant Jha ◽  
Kenneth Smith
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Pressure Resistance

Barnyardgrass biotypes resistant (R) to propanil (PR) or clomazone (CR) have been confirmed in rice production systems in Arkansas. However, it is not clear whether resistance to these herbicides impose any fitness cost on theRbiotypes compared to susceptible barnyardgrass (S). The overall objective of this experiment was to determine if the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass is altered by resistance to propanil or clomazone and to establish a competitive hierarchy among theS,PR, andCRbiotypes. A replacement series study was conducted in a greenhouse using five proportions ofSandRbiotypes (0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25, and 100 : 0). The study was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The variables, including plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight, were used for quantifying the differences in competitive abilities. Replacement series indices were calculated to explore the competitiveness. Expected (He) and observed (Ho) values for relative yield (RY) and relative yield total (RYT) were compared for number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight for each biotype comparison. Other replacement series indices including competitive ratio (CR), relative crowding coefficient (RCC), and aggressiveness index (AI) also were calculated for these variables. The results showed that there were no major differences among theSandRbiotypes for these variables, indicating that in the absence of selection pressure, resistance to propanil or clomazone does not influence the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass. The findings will be useful for predicting the dynamics of resistant populations in the absence of herbicide selection and for designing suitable management strategies.

scholarly journals Relative Competitiveness Between Cultivated and Weedy Rice under Full and Low Light

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. SCHAEDLER ◽  
W. LUBIAN ◽  
P.C. LIMA ◽  
D.M. CHIAPINOTTO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rice Monoculture

ABSTRACT: Cultivated and weedy rice biotypes exhibit morphophysiological variations under low light, affecting competition between plants. The aim of this study was to assess relative competitiveness between cultivated and weedy rice under full and low light. Three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The treatments in the experiment I were arranged in additive series while in the experiments II and III treatments were arranged in replacement series. Experiments II and III were carried out concomitantly to assess coexistence between the rice cultivar and weedy rice. The treatments consisted of different plants proportions: 100:0 (cultivated rice monoculture), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (weedy rice monoculture), keeping the total plant population obtained in experiment I (240 plants m-2) constant. Experiment II was conducted with full solar radiation and III under 50% light. The variables analyzed were shoot dry weight and plant height, 35 days after emergence (DAE). Competition among plants was evaluated via graphs and by interpreting competition indices. Concerning shoot dry weight, mutual losses were recorded between competitors, whereas equal competition for resources was observed for plant height. Weedy rice was more competitive than cultivated rice regardless of the light environment assessed, indicating the need for integrated methods to control this weed.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) on Growth of Oil Palm Seedling in Pre Nursery

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Dwi Astutik ◽  
Ratih Rahhutami ◽  
Aline Sisi Handini ◽  
Ahmad Sutopo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Effective Microorganism

<em>A planting medium that rich in nutrients is needed for oil palm, especially in the nursery phase. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses of EM4 and to get the best dose of EM4 on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery. The research method used was a non-factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments, namely 0 ml EM4 (A1), 4 ml EM4 (A2), 8 ml EM4 (A3), and 12 ml EM4 (A4). Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% level, if the effect was real, it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that application of various EM4 doses had a significant effect on plant height (4-12 MST), the number of leaves (4-8 MST), trunk girth (4-12 MST), and shoot wet weight but did not significantly affect the number of leaves (12 MST), the volume of roots, length of roots, root wet weight and shoot dry weight, dry weight root, the best dose was shown at a dose of 12 ml EM4.</em>

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF TYPE OF CUTTING AND GROWING MEDIUM ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF SCORPION ORCHID (Arachnis maingayi) Hook.f. Schltr

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
O. M. OLOSUNDE ◽  
I. O.O. AIYELAAGBE ◽  
J. G. BODUNDE ◽  
D. A. AGBOOLA
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maize Cobs

Orchids are of importance primarily for their horticultural appeal and accounts for 8% of the world floricultural trade. Scorpion orchid (Arachnis maingayi Hook) is highly prized for its beautiful long lasting flowers, but it is under-exploited in many countries including Nigeria. There is the need to determine the best type of cutting and growing medium protocols for commercial production of this species. Seven homogenous growing media (sawdust, topsoil, charcoal, coconut husk, wood shavings, maize cobs and rice husk) and two types of cutting (apical and non-apical) were compared in a factorial experiment laid out in Completely Randomized Design with six replications at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria between 2010 and 2012. Data collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight, days to spiking, length and number of spike, size and number of florets were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s HSD at p ≤ 0.05 to separate treatment means. Apical cuttings were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) superior to non-apical cuttings in terms of all parameters assessed except floret diameter which was statistically similar. For growing medium, dry matter accumulation and spike yield were in the order of charcoal > rice husk > maize cob > topsoil > wood shavings > coconut husk. Apical cuttings planted in charcoal or rice husk gave the best results relative to other media. Thus, apical cutting is the best propagating technique and charcoal or rice husk is the best growing medium for scorpion orchid cultivation.  

scholarly journals Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Indigenous Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Gosale (Syzygium Malaccense (L.) Merr & L.M Perry)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Steffani Silferansti Tak ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Prijanto Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
New Production ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Gosale (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry) that belongs to the Myrtaceae family is one of the leading local plant species grown in Halmahera, North Maluku. Some problems in gosale breeding such as limited seed availability, low seed production due to seasonal fruiting and the nature of seeds that can not be stored for a long period (recalcitrant), suggest an alternative new production technique through a vegetative propagation (shoot cutting). Moreover, Improved seedling quality can be attempted by AMF inoculation, in which AMF at shoot cuttings play a role in initiating the formation of adventive roots. This study was conducted for 9 months using completely randomized design (CRD) with indigenous AMF inoculation treatment. The results showed that gosale cuttings that planted with indigenous AMF inoculation were effective at all observed variables. Inoculum AMF inoculated without the addition of host plant Pueria javanica at gosale shoot cuttings suggested the best treatment. The treatment of inoculum AMF from Kusumadehe (M1) obtained the best result in the variable of plant height increase, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, root shoot ratio), and seedling quality index. While the treatment of Inoculum AMF from Soakonora revealed the highest result in the variable of plant diameter increase and AMF colonization.Keywords: gosale, shoot cuttings, AMF, Pueraria javanica, West Halmahera

scholarly journals MODIFICAÇÕES NO MEIO DE CULTURA, FOTOPERÍODO E TEMPO DE CULTIVO AFETAM O ALONGAMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE BANANEIRA CV. PACOVAN

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto De Carvalho ◽  
Fabrina Bolzan Martins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves

No intuito de elevar as taxas de sobrevivência durante a etapa de aclimatização e posterior plantio a campo, avaliou-se o enraizamento in vitro de bananeira cv. Pacovan, em diferentes concentrações de sais MS e de sacarose. Utilizou-se DIC, esquema fatorial (6x2x3), com seis meios de cultura [sendo três concentrações de nutrientes do meio MS (100%; 50% de macronutrientes; e 50% dos sais macro e micronutrientes), e duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5/3,0%)], dois fotoperíodos (12/16 h) e três tempos de cultivo (21, 28 ou 35 dias) e seis repetições/tratamento. Analisaram-se: altura da planta, número de folhas/planta, massas frescas e secas das partes aérea e radicular. Para altura da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e radicular, o meio MS 50% dos sais + sacarose (1,5%) com fotoperíodo de 16 h e tempo de cultivo de 35 dias foi satisfatório. Para massa seca da parte aérea foi MS 50% de sais + sacarose (3%), e para massa seca da parte radicular, MS 100% + sacarose (3%) (em 12hs/28 dias e 16hs/21 dias). Para o alongamento/enraizamento in vitro da bananeira cv. Pacovan sugere-se MS 50% de sais (macro e micronutrientes), redução ou manutenção de sacarose (1,5 ou 3%) em 16h/35 dias de cultivo.Palavra-chave: Musa spp., propagação in vitro, sistema radicular. CHANGES IN CULTURE MEDIUM, PHOTOPERIOD AND TIME OF CULTIVATION AFFECT THE IN VITRO ELONGATION AND ROOTING OF BANANA CV. PACOVAN ABSTRACT:In order to achieve high rates of survival during the acclimatization and later planting in the field, was evaluated the in vitro of banana cv. Pacovan plants under different concentrations of sucrose and MS basal salt mixture. The experiment was assembled in a DIC, in 6x2x3, six different culture media [three different MS salt mixture concentrations (100%; 50% of macronutrients; and 50% of macro/micronutrients) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5/3%)], two photoperiods (12/16 hours) and three cultivation times (21, 28 or 35 days). Each treatment was composed by 6 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, were analyzed. Satisfactory results for plant height and shoot and root fresh biomass were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%), 16 hours/35 days. The highest values of shoot dry weight were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%); the highest root dry weight was achieved with MS 100% + sucrose (3%) (12hs/28 and 16hs/21 days). The suggested medium for the in vitro elongation and rooting stage of banana cv. Pacovan is the MS with 50% of salts (macro and micronutrients), reduction or maintenance of sucrose (1.5 or 3%) in 16h/35 days of cultivation.Keywords: Musa spp., in vitro propagation, root system. DOI:

scholarly journals Perlakuan Berbagai Dosis Pupuk ZA Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam Merah (Amaranthus gangeticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Edy Kustiani ◽  
Mariyono Mariyono ◽  
Bela Citra Ayuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Ideal

Red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) is one of the most popular vegetables because of its high nutritional value and easy cultivation. Efforts to increase the production of red spinach are to fertilize to meet the needs of both macro and micronutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of ZA fertilizer dose on the growth and yield of red spinach. The environmental design used was a non-factorial, completely randomized design with four replications. The factors tested were the dose of ZA fertilizer which consisted of 6 levels, namely: without ZA fertilizer (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr/polybag (D5). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the results were significantly different, the BNT test was continued at a 5% level. The growth and yield of red spinach showed significant differences due to the ZA fertilizer dose treatment. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest plant height, the number of leaves, and leaf area of red spinach at 14, 21, and 28 days after planting. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest wet and dry weight plants of 49.15 and 4.38 grams, respectively. The ZA 1.2 gr/polybag dose is the ideal dose to increase the productivity of red spinach.Bayam merah (Amaranthus gangeticus) termasuk sayuran penting yang disukai masyarakat karena bernilai gizi tinggi dan mudah pembudidayaannya. Upaya peningkatan hasil bayam merah salah satunya dengan pemupukan untuk menambah nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah pada perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor. Faktor yang diujikan adalah dosis pupuk ZA, terdiri 6 taraf, yaitu: tanpa pupuk ZA (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr /polybag (D5). Percobaan dilakukan dengan ulangan sebanyak 4 kali. Analisis data menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), apabila berbeda nyata dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) menghasilkan tinggi, jumlah dan luas daun tanaman bayam merah tertinggi pada pengamatan umur 14, 21, dan 28 HST. Dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) juga menunjukkan berat basah dan berat kering tanaman tertinggi sebesar 49.15 dan 4.38 gram. Dosis ZA 1.2 gr/polybag merupakan dosis ideal untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman bayam merah.

Competitive interactions of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and nutsedges (Cyperusspp.)

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Donn G. Shilling
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yield Analysis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Replacement series experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate effects of population densities and proportions on the intraspecific and interspecific interference of either purple nutsedge or yellow nutsedge with tomato cv. Sunny, under nonlimiting conditions of water and nutrients. When grown with either nutsedge species for 40 d, tomato dry weight per plant increased and dry weight per plant of nutsedge decreased as their relative proportions decreased in mixture. Relative yield analysis indicated tomato is a stronger competitor than either nutsedge species. Both nutsedges appeared to be weak interspecific competitors but strong intraspecific competitors. Attenuated light on a purple nutsedge canopy showed that tomato additions can reduce light received by the weed compared to pure nutsedge stands.

scholarly journals Commercial Greenhouse Growers Can Produce High-quality Bedding Plants in Bioplastic-based Biocontainers

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Flax ◽  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
James A. Schrader ◽  
David Grewell ◽  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Container Type

Our objectives were to quantify the growth and quality of herbaceous annuals grown in different types of bioplastic-based biocontainers in commercial greenhouses and quantify producer interest in using these types of biocontainers in their production systems. Seedlings of ‘Serena White’ angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia) and ‘Maverick Red’ zonal geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum) that had been transplanted into nine different (4.5-inch diameter) container types [eight bioplastic-based biocontainers and a petroleum-based plastic (PP) (control)] were grown at six commercial greenhouses in the upper midwestern United States. Plants were grown alongside other bedding annuals in each commercial greenhouse, and producers employed their standard crop culture practices. Data were collected to characterize growth when most plants were flowering. Questionnaires to quantify producer perceptions and interest in using bioplastic-based biocontainers, interest in different container attributes, and satisfaction were administered at select times during the experiment. Container type interacted with greenhouse to affect angelonia growth index (GI) and shoot dry weight (SDW), as well as shoot, root, and container ratings. Container type or greenhouse affected geranium GI and shoot rating, and their interaction affected SDW, and root and container ratings. These results indicate that commercial producers can grow herbaceous annuals in a range of bioplastic-based biocontainers with few or no changes to their crop culture practices.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF SEEDS, SEEDLINGS AND INITIAL GROWTH OF JACARANDA MIMOSIFOLIA D. DON. (BIGNONIACEAE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamille Rabêlo de Oliveira ◽  
Clark Alberto Souza da Costa ◽  
Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽  
Haynna Fernandes Abud ◽  
Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Jacaranda Mimosifolia

ABSTRACT This research aimed to characterize the biometry of seeds, the morphology of seedlings and to evaluate the initial growth of blue jacaranda trees (Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don.) in two environments with distinct luminosity. The biometry of 100 de-winged seeds was measured by their length, width and thickness. One hundred seeds were sown into 300 cm3 tubes and seedlings morphology was registered throughout the germination process using digital photographs disposed sequentially according to seedlings age. The initial growth analysis was performed in two environments, full sun and greenhouse, during nine periods, and arranged in a complete randomized design with subplots. The response variables were: number of leaves, plant height, collar diameter, root length, aerial and roots dry weight, and Dickson’s Quality Index (DQI). Biometry results showed seeds 7.09 - 9.26 mm long, 6.74 -9.39 mm wide, and 1.11 -1.89 mm thick. Germination is of hypogealphanerocotylar type, with first root arising six days after sown. Plants at full sun presented larger collar diameters, greater root dry weight and higher DQI as evaluation periods passed by. In conclusion, the biometry of seeds and the morphology of seedlings of blue jacaranda can be used to recognize this species in the field. Plants at full sun presented better development. Seedlings cultivated at full sun can be destined to recuperate forests and degraded areas just 36 weeks after sowed.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY Pueraria phaseoloides var. Javanica FERTILIZED WITH MANURE FROM CATTLE OFFERED CONCENTRATE CONTAINNING DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH AMMONIUM SULFAT

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Tjok. Istri Putri ◽  
Ni Putu Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Branches

This study aims to determine the optimal dosage of manure derived from cattle fed concentrated rations supplemented ammonium sulfate which can increase the productivity of Pueraria phaseoloidesvar .Javanica. The design used in this experiment was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The four treatments were fertilized with doses of 10, 15, 20 and 25 tons / ha, respectively for the treatment of A, B, C and D, so overall there were 20 pot experiments. The study was conducted for 12 weeks. Observed variables were plant length, number of leaves, number of branches, dry weight (DW) of leaves, DW of stem DW, total BK, leaf color, leaf stem ratio (LSR) and leaf weight ratio”(LWR). The results showed that legumes treated A B, C and D produced high crop, leaf area, leaf color, LSR and LWR were not significantly different (P> 0.05). The treated legume C. resulted in a significantly higher leaf number than the treated legume A, B and D (P <0.05). The number of branches and DW leaves on legumes treated with C were significantly higher (P <0.05) than those receiving treatment A. and were not significantly different with legumes treated with B and D (P> 0.05). The DW of stem and total DW production from legume treated C were significantly higher with those treated with A and B (P <0.05) and the difference was not significant with those treated with D (P> 0.05). From the results of the study it can be concluded that legume treated with C or fertilized with manure derived from cattle fed concentrate containning diet supplemented ammonium sulfate at a dose of 20 tons / ha yield of leguminous productivity Peuraria phaseoloides var. javanica maximum. Keywords: manure, pueraria phaseoloides, productivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document