THE INFLUENCE OF TYPE OF CUTTING AND GROWING MEDIUM ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF SCORPION ORCHID (Arachnis maingayi) Hook.f. Schltr

Orchids are of importance primarily for their horticultural appeal and accounts for 8% of the world floricultural trade. Scorpion orchid (Arachnis maingayi Hook) is highly prized for its beautiful long lasting flowers, but it is under-exploited in many countries including Nigeria. There is the need to determine the best type of cutting and growing medium protocols for commercial production of this species. Seven homogenous growing media (sawdust, topsoil, charcoal, coconut husk, wood shavings, maize cobs and rice husk) and two types of cutting (apical and non-apical) were compared in a factorial experiment laid out in Completely Randomized Design with six replications at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria between 2010 and 2012. Data collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight, days to spiking, length and number of spike, size and number of florets were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s HSD at p ≤ 0.05 to separate treatment means. Apical cuttings were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) superior to non-apical cuttings in terms of all parameters assessed except floret diameter which was statistically similar. For growing medium, dry matter accumulation and spike yield were in the order of charcoal > rice husk > maize cob > topsoil > wood shavings > coconut husk. Apical cuttings planted in charcoal or rice husk gave the best results relative to other media. Thus, apical cutting is the best propagating technique and charcoal or rice husk is the best growing medium for scorpion orchid cultivation.

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The Utilization of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) on Growth of Oil Palm Seedling in Pre Nursery

International Journal of Multi Discipline Science (IJ-MDS) ◽

10.26737/ij-mds.v3i2.2117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Dwi Astutik ◽

Ratih Rahhutami ◽

Aline Sisi Handini ◽

Ahmad Sutopo

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Research Method ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Effective Microorganism

A planting medium that rich in nutrients is needed for oil palm, especially in the nursery phase. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses of EM4 and to get the best dose of EM4 on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery. The research method used was a non-factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments, namely 0 ml EM4 (A1), 4 ml EM4 (A2), 8 ml EM4 (A3), and 12 ml EM4 (A4). Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% level, if the effect was real, it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that application of various EM4 doses had a significant effect on plant height (4-12 MST), the number of leaves (4-8 MST), trunk girth (4-12 MST), and shoot wet weight but did not significantly affect the number of leaves (12 MST), the volume of roots, length of roots, root wet weight and shoot dry weight, dry weight root, the best dose was shown at a dose of 12 ml EM4.

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Pengaruh Jenis dan Kerapatan Gulma terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan ◽

10.25181/jppt.v16i1.70 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chintya Ayu Alvionita ◽

Herawati Hamim ◽

Dad R. J. Sembodo

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Maize Production ◽

Weed Density ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Difference Test ◽

Asystasia Gangetica ◽

Maize Cobs ◽

Plot Design

Maize production in each year tends to decrease. One reason is the weeds. Weeds is animportant issue because it can compete with the main crop that can reduce crop production.The purpose of this research to determine: (1). The effect of weeds species on the growth andproduction of maize, (2). The effect of weed density on the growth and production of maize,(3). Interaction between the type and density of weeds in influencing the growth andproduction of maize. The research was conducted in Natar, South Lampung and WeedLaboratory Faculty of Agriculture, university of Lampung from December 2014 to April2015. The treatments arranged factorial (3x5) in a strip plot design with three replications.The first factor is the species of weed that are Asystasia gangetica, Rottboelia exaltata, andCyperus rotundus. The second factor is 5 weed density that are 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80populations of weeds/m2. If the assumptions are met, the data is analyzed using ANOVA,followed by Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) 5%. The result showed that : (1).Species of weeds affects plant shoot dry weight, the weight of maize cobs, and the weight ofgrain maize but did not affect plant height, number of leaves, plant populations, cob length,cob diameter, and weighs 100 grains. (2). The density of 40 weeds/m2affects weight of 100grains, but the density of 10, 20, and 80 weeds/m2did not affect the growth and productionof maize. (3). There is no interaction between species and density of weeds in influencingthe growth and production of maize.Keyword: maize, weeds, competition

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Does Resistance to Propanil or Clomazone Alter the Growth and Competitive Abilities of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)?

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-10-00151.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 353-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽

Jason K. Norsworthy ◽

Prashant Jha ◽

Kenneth Smith

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Relative Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Competitive Abilities ◽

Pressure Resistance

Barnyardgrass biotypes resistant (R) to propanil (PR) or clomazone (CR) have been confirmed in rice production systems in Arkansas. However, it is not clear whether resistance to these herbicides impose any fitness cost on theRbiotypes compared to susceptible barnyardgrass (S). The overall objective of this experiment was to determine if the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass is altered by resistance to propanil or clomazone and to establish a competitive hierarchy among theS,PR, andCRbiotypes. A replacement series study was conducted in a greenhouse using five proportions ofSandRbiotypes (0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25, and 100 : 0). The study was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The variables, including plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight, were used for quantifying the differences in competitive abilities. Replacement series indices were calculated to explore the competitiveness. Expected (He) and observed (Ho) values for relative yield (RY) and relative yield total (RYT) were compared for number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight for each biotype comparison. Other replacement series indices including competitive ratio (CR), relative crowding coefficient (RCC), and aggressiveness index (AI) also were calculated for these variables. The results showed that there were no major differences among theSandRbiotypes for these variables, indicating that in the absence of selection pressure, resistance to propanil or clomazone does not influence the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass. The findings will be useful for predicting the dynamics of resistant populations in the absence of herbicide selection and for designing suitable management strategies.

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Pengaruh Beberapa Dosis Pupuk Dan Beberapa Media Tumbuh Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Jabon (Anthocephalus Cadamba)

Jurnal Sylva Lestari ◽

10.23960/jsl1231-40 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Sondri Kurniawan ◽

Afif Bintoro ◽

Melya Riniarti

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Media Composition ◽

Soil Medium ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Anthocephalus Cadamba

Jabon wood (Anthocephalus cadamba) is a fast growing species.Currently, jabon wood is play an important rile for timber industry, included plywood, lamina, and the other timber industry.To improve the quality of wood jabon, necessary for the addition of fertilizer and improved media.Application of multiple doses of fertilizers with several media compositions was expected could increase the growth of jabon wood seedling.This observation aimed to know the effect and interaction of media composition and fertilizer on the growth of jabon wood seedling.The observation was conducted in greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Lampung University for 4 months.The observation was compiled factorially (3x4) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. The first factor was the composition of the soil medium consisting of red-yellow podzolic (100%); red-yellow podzolic + sand (1:1); red-yellow podzolic + rice husk (1:1), while the second factor was the dose of fertilizer consists of 0 g, 0.5 g , 1 g, and 1.5 g. The observed variables are added height, diameter, number of leaves, root length, and total dry weight.The results showed that media composition significantly affected, diameter, number of leaves and total dry weight.Fertilizer did not significantly affected height increment, diameter, number of leaves, root length, and total dry weight, there was no interaction between several media compositions with fertilizer. The best treatment to all growth parameters was red-yellow podzolic soil + sand (1:1) with all fertilizer doses. Keywords: fertilizer, jabon wood, podzolic,red-yellow, rice husk

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EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MEDIA ON VIOLA (Viola cornuta L.) SEEDLING GROWTH PERFORMANCE

Agric ◽

10.24246/agric.2018.v30.i2.p89-102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 89-102

Author(s):

Alfa Sada Saputra ◽

Suprihati Suprihati

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Plant Height ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Correlation Tests ◽

Germination And Growth

Electrical conductivity (EC) of nursery medium will affect germination and growth of viola (Viola cornuta L.) seedling. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of various ECs of growing medium on germination and growth of viola seedling. Research was carried out in December 2016 - January 2017 in nursery room of PT. Selektani Horticulture, Ngablak, Magelang. There were 9 EC treatments repeated 3 times therefore 27 units of experiment were tested. The observed parameters includeds germination rate (DB), and speed (KCT), plant height, number of leaves, shoot dry weight (BKBA) and root dry weight (BKA). Data were analyzed using regression and correlation tests. This study showed that there was a linear relationship between EC and DB as well as between EC and KCT. This is indicated by the following equations y = -20.771x + 99 504 (R2 = 0.9653, n = 27, y = germination (%), x = EC (dS / m) 0 HSS) and y = -5.1109x + 21.6 (R2= 0.8765, n=27, y= KCT (%KN/24hours). The critical EC needed to reach germination rate of higher than 80% was 0.94 dS/m. The correlations between DB and ec as well as KCT and EC were significant: respectively -0.98251 and -0.93621 (n = 27). The Relationships between EC and plant height, number of leaves, BKBA as well as BKA were quadratic. The optimum EC needed for seedling growth was 2.44-2.60 dS/m. The correlation betweenplant height and number of leaves was very strong as showed by the value at 0.9212. The correlation between BKBA and BKA was strong and this was indicated by the value of 0.7561.

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PENGARUH CAMPURAN MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN STROBERI (Fragaria vesca L.) SEBAGAI TANAMAN HIAS TAMAN VERTIKAL

Agric ◽

10.24246/agric.2017.v29.i1.p11-20 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naomi Endah Pratiwi ◽

Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽

Dina Banjarnahor

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Organic Medium ◽

Fragaria Vesca ◽

Mixture Ratio ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Banana Stem

Research on the effects of growing medium mixtures of strawberry’s (Fragaria vesca L.) growth as ornamental plants in vertical garden was implemented from April to July 2016 in anexperimental field in Salaran Getasan Village. The purpose of this study were to 1) investigate the effects of different organic medium mixtures containing soil and rice husk, cocopeat, on compost banana stem on strawberry’s growth and 2) determine the best mixture for strawberry’s vertical system. The study was conducted using a randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments and four replications. The treatments included different compositions of soil and each material with a mixture ratio of 1: 1, 1: 2 and 2: 1. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and DMRT at 5% of error level as well as correlation test. Mixing organic medium as rice husk, cocopeat and compost banana stem with soil provided a significant influence on the number of leaves, number of Mixing organic medium as rice husk, cocopeat and compost banana stem with soil provided a significant influence on the number of leaves, number of shoot and shoot’s dry weight. The best growing medium mixture for strawberry’s growth was soil and rice husk with a ratio 2:1.

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Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Indigenous Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Gosale (Syzygium Malaccense (L.) Merr & L.M Perry)

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.9.3.211-216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Steffani Silferansti Tak ◽

Irdika Mansur ◽

Prijanto Pamungkas

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Quality ◽

New Production ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Local Plant ◽

Height Increase ◽

Inoculation Treatment ◽

Amf Inoculation

Gosale (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry) that belongs to the Myrtaceae family is one of the leading local plant species grown in Halmahera, North Maluku. Some problems in gosale breeding such as limited seed availability, low seed production due to seasonal fruiting and the nature of seeds that can not be stored for a long period (recalcitrant), suggest an alternative new production technique through a vegetative propagation (shoot cutting). Moreover, Improved seedling quality can be attempted by AMF inoculation, in which AMF at shoot cuttings play a role in initiating the formation of adventive roots. This study was conducted for 9 months using completely randomized design (CRD) with indigenous AMF inoculation treatment. The results showed that gosale cuttings that planted with indigenous AMF inoculation were effective at all observed variables. Inoculum AMF inoculated without the addition of host plant Pueria javanica at gosale shoot cuttings suggested the best treatment. The treatment of inoculum AMF from Kusumadehe (M1) obtained the best result in the variable of plant height increase, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, root shoot ratio), and seedling quality index. While the treatment of Inoculum AMF from Soakonora revealed the highest result in the variable of plant diameter increase and AMF colonization.Keywords: gosale, shoot cuttings, AMF, Pueraria javanica, West Halmahera

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MODIFICAÇÕES NO MEIO DE CULTURA, FOTOPERÍODO E TEMPO DE CULTIVO AFETAM O ALONGAMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE BANANEIRA CV. PACOVAN

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i1.4731 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽

Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto De Carvalho ◽

Fabrina Bolzan Martins

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salt Mixture ◽

Musa Spp ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

No intuito de elevar as taxas de sobrevivência durante a etapa de aclimatização e posterior plantio a campo, avaliou-se o enraizamento in vitro de bananeira cv. Pacovan, em diferentes concentrações de sais MS e de sacarose. Utilizou-se DIC, esquema fatorial (6x2x3), com seis meios de cultura [sendo três concentrações de nutrientes do meio MS (100%; 50% de macronutrientes; e 50% dos sais macro e micronutrientes), e duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5/3,0%)], dois fotoperíodos (12/16 h) e três tempos de cultivo (21, 28 ou 35 dias) e seis repetições/tratamento. Analisaram-se: altura da planta, número de folhas/planta, massas frescas e secas das partes aérea e radicular. Para altura da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e radicular, o meio MS 50% dos sais + sacarose (1,5%) com fotoperíodo de 16 h e tempo de cultivo de 35 dias foi satisfatório. Para massa seca da parte aérea foi MS 50% de sais + sacarose (3%), e para massa seca da parte radicular, MS 100% + sacarose (3%) (em 12hs/28 dias e 16hs/21 dias). Para o alongamento/enraizamento in vitro da bananeira cv. Pacovan sugere-se MS 50% de sais (macro e micronutrientes), redução ou manutenção de sacarose (1,5 ou 3%) em 16h/35 dias de cultivo.Palavra-chave: Musa spp., propagação in vitro, sistema radicular. CHANGES IN CULTURE MEDIUM, PHOTOPERIOD AND TIME OF CULTIVATION AFFECT THE IN VITRO ELONGATION AND ROOTING OF BANANA CV. PACOVAN ABSTRACT:In order to achieve high rates of survival during the acclimatization and later planting in the field, was evaluated the in vitro of banana cv. Pacovan plants under different concentrations of sucrose and MS basal salt mixture. The experiment was assembled in a DIC, in 6x2x3, six different culture media [three different MS salt mixture concentrations (100%; 50% of macronutrients; and 50% of macro/micronutrients) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5/3%)], two photoperiods (12/16 hours) and three cultivation times (21, 28 or 35 days). Each treatment was composed by 6 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, were analyzed. Satisfactory results for plant height and shoot and root fresh biomass were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%), 16 hours/35 days. The highest values of shoot dry weight were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%); the highest root dry weight was achieved with MS 100% + sucrose (3%) (12hs/28 and 16hs/21 days). The suggested medium for the in vitro elongation and rooting stage of banana cv. Pacovan is the MS with 50% of salts (macro and micronutrients), reduction or maintenance of sucrose (1.5 or 3%) in 16h/35 days of cultivation.Keywords: Musa spp., in vitro propagation, root system. DOI:

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Perlakuan Berbagai Dosis Pupuk ZA Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam Merah (Amaranthus gangeticus)

Jurnal Agrinika : Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Agribisnis ◽

10.30737/agrinika.v5i2.1946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Edy Kustiani ◽

Mariyono Mariyono ◽

Bela Citra Ayuningtyas

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Environmental Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dose Treatment ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Ideal

Red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) is one of the most popular vegetables because of its high nutritional value and easy cultivation. Efforts to increase the production of red spinach are to fertilize to meet the needs of both macro and micronutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of ZA fertilizer dose on the growth and yield of red spinach. The environmental design used was a non-factorial, completely randomized design with four replications. The factors tested were the dose of ZA fertilizer which consisted of 6 levels, namely: without ZA fertilizer (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr/polybag (D5). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the results were significantly different, the BNT test was continued at a 5% level. The growth and yield of red spinach showed significant differences due to the ZA fertilizer dose treatment. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest plant height, the number of leaves, and leaf area of red spinach at 14, 21, and 28 days after planting. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest wet and dry weight plants of 49.15 and 4.38 grams, respectively. The ZA 1.2 gr/polybag dose is the ideal dose to increase the productivity of red spinach.Bayam merah (Amaranthus gangeticus) termasuk sayuran penting yang disukai masyarakat karena bernilai gizi tinggi dan mudah pembudidayaannya. Upaya peningkatan hasil bayam merah salah satunya dengan pemupukan untuk menambah nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah pada perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor. Faktor yang diujikan adalah dosis pupuk ZA, terdiri 6 taraf, yaitu: tanpa pupuk ZA (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr /polybag (D5). Percobaan dilakukan dengan ulangan sebanyak 4 kali. Analisis data menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), apabila berbeda nyata dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) menghasilkan tinggi, jumlah dan luas daun tanaman bayam merah tertinggi pada pengamatan umur 14, 21, dan 28 HST. Dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) juga menunjukkan berat basah dan berat kering tanaman tertinggi sebesar 49.15 dan 4.38 gram. Dosis ZA 1.2 gr/polybag merupakan dosis ideal untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman bayam merah.

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ALTERNATIVE SUBSTRATES FOR PRODUCTION OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT SEEDLINGS

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v7i1.3890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Eduardo Santana Aires ◽

Carlos Alberto Aragão ◽

Itala Laiane Silva Gomes ◽

Gilmário Noberto de Souza ◽

Isa Gabriela Vieira de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Alternative Substrates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Length Width ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

This study aimed to evaluate different substrates to produce yellow passion fruit seedlings. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, from April to June 2016. A completely randomized design with five replications, in a 6 x 5 factorial scheme was used. The first factor was the alternative substrates (poultry, cattle and equine manure, sugarcane and coconut bagasse, and Organomais compost). The second factor was the replacement levels to the commercial substrate of Plantmax® (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). The seedling evaluation was carried out 42 days after sowing. The following variables were analyzed: length, width, and the number of leaves; plant height and shoot dry matter. A significant effect (P0.05) for the interaction between the factors was verified. The addition of 60% cattle manure and Organomais to the commercial substrate Plantmax® promoted greater length, width, and the number of leaves, plant height, and shoot dry matter accumulation in the yellow passion fruit seedlings.

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