scholarly journals Biochemical Markers and Enzyme Assays for Herbicide Mode of Action and Resistance Studies

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 23-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck E. Dayan ◽  
Daniel K. Owens ◽  
Natalia Corniani ◽  
Ferdinando Marcos Lima Silva ◽  
Susan B. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Herbicides inhibit biochemical and physiological processes or both with lethal consequences. The target sites of these small molecules are usually enzymes involved in primary metabolic pathways or proteins carrying out essential physiological functions. Herbicides tend to be highly specific for their respective target sites and have served as tools to study these physiological and biochemical processes in plants (Dayan et al. 2010b).

Functional Imaging of Physiological Processes by Positron Emission Tomography

Physiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Westera ◽  
P. August Schubiger
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Tracer technology makes it possible to observe physiological and biochemical processes in the living organism in a dynamic mode. Positron emission tomography adds the use of chemically unchanged biomolecules and of quantification. This opens up fascinating possibilities for both fundamental research and routine diagnostic applications.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of Pinus massoniana Lamb. microstrobili during sexual reversal

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng ◽  
Yang Xue-mei ◽  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Fan Fu-hua
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pinus Massoniana Lamb ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractThe normal megastrobilli and microstrobilli before and after the sexual reversal in Pinus massoniana Lamb. were studied and classified using a transcriptomic approach. In the analysis, a total of 190,023 unigenes were obtained with an average length of 595 bp. The annotated unigenes were divided into 56 functional groups and 130 metabolic pathways involved in the physiological and biochemical processes related to ribosome biogenesis, carbon metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. Analysis revealed 4,758 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mega- and microstrobili from the polycone twig. The DEGs between the mega- and microstrobili from the normal twig were 5,550. In the polycone twig, 1,188 DEGs were identified between the microstrobili and the sexually reversed megastrobili. Concerning plant hormone signal transduction pathways, the DEGs from both the normal and polycone twigs displayed distinct male or female associated expression patterns. There were 36 common hormone-related DEGs from the two types of twigs of P. massoniana. Interestingly, expression of these DEGs was up-regulated in the bisexual strobili, which underwent the sexual reversal. A portion of MADS-box genes in the bisexual strobili were up-regulated relative to expression in microstrobili.

scholarly journals The role of quercetin in plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Yamshi Arif ◽  
Andrzej Bajguz ◽  
Shamsul Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pollen Growth ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Flavonoids are a special category of hydroxylated phenolic compounds having an aromatic ring structure. Quercetin is a special subclass of flavonoid. It is a bioactive natural compound built upon the flavon structure nC6(ring A)-C3(ring C)-C6(ring B). Quercetin facilitates several plant physiological processes, such as seed germination, pollen growth, antioxidant machinery, and photosynthesis, as well as induces proper plant growth and development. Quercetin is a powerful antioxidant, so it potently provides plant tolerance against several biotic and abiotic stresses. This review highlights quercetin’s role in increasing several physiological and biochemical processes in under stress and non-stress environments. Additionally, this review briefly assesses quercetin’s role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., salt, heavy metal, and UV stress). The biosynthesis of flavonoids, their signaling pathways, and quercetin’s role in plant signaling are also discussed.

scholarly journals Alternative approaches to target Myc for cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Yichao Gan ◽  
Senlin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Global Transcriptome ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Signaling Modules ◽  
Druggable Targets

AbstractThe Myc proto-oncogene family consists of three members, C-MYC, MYCN, and MYCL, which encodes the transcription factor c-Myc (hereafter Myc), N-Myc, and L-Myc, respectively. Myc protein orchestrates diverse physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Myc modulates about 15% of the global transcriptome, and its deregulation rewires the cellular signaling modules inside tumor cells, thereby acquiring selective advantages. The deregulation of Myc occurs in >70% of human cancers, and is related to poor prognosis; hence, hyperactivated Myc oncoprotein has been proposed as an ideal drug target for decades. Nevertheless, no specific drug is currently available to directly target Myc, mainly because of its “undruggable” properties: lack of enzymatic pocket for conventional small molecules to bind; inaccessibility for antibody due to the predominant nucleus localization of Myc. Although the topic of targeting Myc has actively been reviewed in the past decades, exciting new progresses in this field keep emerging. In this review, after a comprehensive summarization of valuable sources for potential druggable targets of Myc-driven cancer, we also peer into the promising future of utilizing macropinocytosis to deliver peptides like Omomyc or antibody agents to intracellular compartment for cancer treatment.

Effects of water deficit on growth, nodulation and physiological and biochemical processes inMedicago sativa-rhizobia symbiotic association

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mouradi ◽  
Mohamed Farissi ◽  
Abdelaziz Bouizgaren ◽  
Bouchra Makoudi ◽  
Ablaa Kabbadj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Therapeutic properties of organotin complexes with reference to their structural and environmental features

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Ali Haider ◽  
Nasir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

AbstractOrganotin complexes are being extensively studied and screened for their therapeutic potential. Although many recent advances and achievements in this field have been made, the exact mode of action of these complexes is yet to be unveiled. In the present review, an attempt has been made to correlate the therapeutic properties of organotin complexes with their structural features and the environment in which these interact with biological systems. The mechanism, various modes of interaction with biological systems, and physiological target sites of organotin complexes have been highlighted as well.

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