scholarly journals Comparison of urinary 5-L-oxoproline (L-pyroglutamate) during normal pregnancy in women in England and Jamaica

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A Jackson ◽  
Chandarika Persaud ◽  
Geoff Werkmeister ◽  
Irene S. M McClelland ◽  
Asha Badaloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Significant Difference

Urinary 5-L-oxoproline was measured during normal pregnancies in Southampton, England and Kingston, Jamaica. The CV of 5-L-oxoproline excretion in urine, determined over 7 d in a non-pregnant woman and three pregnant women, was 10–36%. Compared with non-pregnant women, urinary 5-L-oxoproline increased three to four times from early pregnancy in women in Southampton, a highly significant difference, and remained elevated at similar levels during mid and late pregnancy. For women in Kingston, the excretion of 5-L-oxoproline was similar to that of Southampton women in the non-pregnant group and during early pregnancy. However, there was a progressive increase in the excretion of 5-L-oxoproline as pregnancy advanced and by late pregnancy excretion was from three to ten times greater than the average for the non-pregnant women. There was a significant difference between the women in Southampton and the women in Kingston during mid and late pregnancy, with women in Kingston excreting twice as much 5-L-oxoproline during late pregnancy. If the excretion of 5-L-oxoproline is a measure of glycine insdciency, the results would indicate that in some pregnancies the ability of the mother to provide glycine for herself and the developing fetus is marginal or inadequate and the constraint appears more marked in Jamaica than in England.

scholarly journals Learn It, Buy It, Work It: Intensive Pregnancy on Instagram

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511668510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Tiidenberg ◽  
Nancy K. Baym
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Authoritative Knowledge ◽  
Consumer Identity ◽  
Discursive Power

This article analyzes how pregnant women perform their pregnancies on Instagram. We ask whether they rely on and reproduce pre-existing discourses aimed at morally regulating pregnancy, or reject them and construct their own alternatives. Pregnancy today is highly visible, intensely surveilled, marketed as a consumer identity, and feverishly stalked in its celebrity manifestations. This propagates narrow visions of what a “normal” pregnancy or “normal” pregnant woman should be like. We argue that pregnant women on Instagram do pregnancy via three overlapping and complimentary discourses of “learn it,” “buy it,” and “work it.” Together these form the current authoritative knowledge of pregnancy we call “intensive pregnancy” as performed on Instagram. Concurrently, this article highlights how the combined discursive power of hashtags, images, and captions may influence and enforce discursive hegemonies.

Fibrin monomer complex in normal pregnant women: a potential thrombotic marker in pregnancy

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Onishi ◽  
Kimiko Kaniyu ◽  
Mitsutoshi Iwashita ◽  
Asashi Tanaka ◽  
Takashi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy represents a major risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Most coagulation/fibrinolysis markers currently utilized change during pregnancy, and therefore they cannot accurately evaluate thrombotic events in pregnancy because the rate of false positive results is high. Fibrin monomer complex (FMC) has recently become widely available for diagnosing DVT. The present study examined whether FMC is suitable for evaluating thrombotic status in pregnancy. Methods: Concentrations of FMC and other haemostatic markers were investigated in 87 pregnant women without major complications at early, mid- or late pregnancy. FMC concentrations were also measured in 127 normal non-pregnant women, and in one woman who developed DVT after delivery. Results: In normal pregnant women, FMC concentrations were unchanged during early or mid-pregnancy and slightly elevated during late pregnancy. Concentrations were within reference range in most cases, and none exceeded the cut-off value for DVT. In contrast, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and D-dimer (DD) concentrations were significantly elevated in late pregnancy, and median values exceeded reference ranges. The DVT case displayed significantly elevated FMC concentrations. Conclusions: Changes in FMC concentrations during normal pregnancy are minimal compared with other haemostatic markers. Because the rate of false positivity is lower, FMC could be a potential marker of thrombotic status in pregnancy rather than TAT and DD.

Are Anti-β2 Glycoprotein 1 Antibodies Associated with Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications? A Nested Case–Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Skeith ◽  
Karim Abou-Nassar ◽  
Mark Walker ◽  
Tim Ramsay ◽  
Ronald Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Control Study

Background While anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GP1) antibody positivity is included in the diagnostic criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), the association between anti-β2GP1 and the obstetrical complications of APS has been inconsistently reported and remains unclear. Objective We completed a case–control study nested within the Canadian Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort to evaluate the association between anti-β2GP1 antibody positivity and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Study Design Five hundred cases were randomly selected among pregnant women who experienced any of the following independently adjudicated placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: preeclampsia, placental abruption, late pregnancy loss (≥ 12 weeks' gestation), and birth of a small-for-gestational age (SGA) infant < 10th percentile. Five hundred pregnant women without any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were selected as controls. Stored blood samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-β2GP1 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Anti-β2GP1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in titers ≥ 20 G/M units (> 99th percentile) were present in 24 of 497 (4.8%) of controls and 33 of 503 (6.6%) of cases. There was no significant difference between cases and controls for the composite outcome of any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (odds ratio, 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8–2.37, p = 0.25). Conclusion Our results call into question the association between anti-β2GP1 antibodies and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, with further research needed.

scholarly journals Thrombin Generation in Chinese Pregnant Women and the Effect of Insulin Use on Thrombin Generation in Patients with GDM

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 107602961986349
Author(s):  
Feng Dong ◽  
Longhao Wang ◽  
Chengbin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) is a test to monitor the thrombin generation (TG), a laboratory marker of thrombosis risk, and increases during normal pregnancy, but it is still unclear whether TG is related to the use of insulin in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We performed thrombin generation by CAT on 135 normal pregnant women, including 43 in first trimester, 32 in second trimester, 60 in third trimester, respectively; 68 pregnant women with GDM were also enrolled, 19 patients with GDM using insulin to control blood glucose and 49 patients control their blood glucose through diet and exercise with noninsulin treatment. The overall CAT parameters were calculated using descriptive statistics method with mean ± standard deviation. Mean endogenous thrombin potential, peak thrombin generation, and StartTail time increased significantly with the pregnancy. There was no significant difference in TG test parameters except StartTail time( P = .003) in insulin-treated GDM group when compared to those without insulin in the GDM group. The normal ranges for CAT parameters in pregnant women were determined. Thrombin generation increased significantly in first trimester and remains stable in second and third trimester. The use of insulin in patient with GDM did not affect thrombin generation test. Our study helps to establish the reference range of thrombin generation in Chinese normal pregnant population and provide more basis to predict the risk of thrombus complicating during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Relative Risk Assessment of Intrauterine Infection of the Fetus During Cytomegalovirus Infection in Early Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Relative Risk Assessment

Background. Intrauterine fetal infection (IUI), the common cause of which is the cytomegalovirus (CMV), occupies one of the first places in the structure of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There are no data on the relative risk assessment of IUI at the exacerbation of CMV infection and its delitescent course in first trimester of pregnancy in the literature.Aim: to calculate the relative risks of fetal IUI in pregnant women with exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy.Methods. A retrospective review of the labor and delivery medical records and prenatal records of 104 CMV-seropositive women was carried out. Fifty of these women had an exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy – main group and 54 of them were with delitescent course of the disease (comparison group).Results. A comparative analysis of ultrasound and morphological markers of IUI with risk assessment depending on the course of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy has been carried out. A high risk of placental structure abnormalities, as well as amniotic fluid and fetal membranes, fetal and placental blood flow pathology, onset of  choroid plexus cyst and fetal growth restriction was found, with a statistically significant difference in the group of pregnant women with exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy.Conclusion. The findings suggest that the exacerbation of CMV infection in early pregnancy is a risk factor for IUI.

scholarly journals Respiratory Function in Normal Singleton Pregnancy, Multifetal Gestation and Polyhydramnios

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Kundu ◽  
Shyamal Dasgupta ◽  
Gayetri Koppolu ◽  
Tarun Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Amitava Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Inspiratory Capacity ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Study of respiratory functions of four groups of women Nonpregnant, early pregnancy, singleton pregnancy at 36 weeks and twin/ polyhydramnios at 36 weeks reveal that inspiratory capacity (IC), tidal volume (TV) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) in different group pairing have statistically significant difference. This is very important during the assessment of pregnant mother suffering from respiratory or cardiopulmonary disorder. Objectives This study aims to observe the additional demands placed on the maternal respiratory system in cases of advanced normal pregnancy or over distended uterus, like multifetal gestation and polyhydramnios, and whether the average Indian woman is able to cope with these respiratory changes. Methods Around 80 women were divided into four equal groups which included non-pregnant controls, normal early pregnancy (< 20 weeks), normal singleton pregnancy at 36 weeks and multifetal gestation/polyhydramnios, underwent spirometry for static lung volume measurement. The overall comparison was done by using the Kruskal-Wallis test whereas the individual comparison by Mann-Whitney test. Final statistical computing was performed with SPSS statistical package. Results The groups were comparable on the basis of age, height and hemoglobin levels. Comparisons of various groups show statistically significant difference in tidal volume, inspiratory capacity and expiratory reserve volume specially in advance pregnancy with control nonpregnant mothers without significant adverse effect on respiratory system. Conclusions Results of the study indicate that though there are significant respiratory functional changes, healthy women, even having twin/polyhydramnios, can tolerate this well. But this knowledge is very important to assess and to formulate management of pregnant women with respiratory or cardiopulmonary compromise.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Pregnant Women With COVID-19 In Japan: A Nationwide Questionnaire Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Arakaki ◽  
Junichi Hasegawa ◽  
Akihiko Sekizawa ◽  
Tomoaki Ikeda ◽  
Isamu Ishiwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Route Of Infection ◽  
Positive Rate

Abstract Background: Few reports have presented an overall view of pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across an entire country and throughout the entire gestation period. Furthermore, no such reports are available for Japan. We examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID‑19 on a national scale in Japan.Methods: A nationwide questionnaire-based survey for all 2,185 maternity services in Japan was conducted between July and August 2020. Information regarding maternal characteristics and epidemiological, clinical, treatment, and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 between 16 January and 30 June 2020 were collected. Main outcome measures were incidence of pregnant women with COVID-19 and infant infection, positive rate of the universal screening test for asymptomatic pregnant women, identification of infection route and rates of maternal death, and severe cases.Results: Responses from 1,418 institutions were assessed (65% of all delivery institutions in Japan). Seventy-two pregnant women were reported to have been diagnosed with COVID-19. The positive rate of the universal screening test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among asymptomatic pregnant women was 0.03% (2/7428). The most common route of infection was familial (57%). Fifty-eight pregnant women with COVID-19 were symptomatic, of whom five (8.6%) had a severe infection and one died (a tourist). Severe respiratory symptoms, oxygen administration, and pneumonia were frequently reported in the third trimester and postpartum period compared with in early pregnancy (22.2% vs 2.5% [P=0.03], 38.9% vs 7.5% [P=0.01], and 50.0% vs 7.5% [P<0.01], respectively). All pregnant women with COVID-19 underwent caesarean sections, regardless of symptoms. There were no SARS-CoV-2 transmissions to newborns.Conclusions: In Japan, the number of cases of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is very low. Compared with early pregnancy, late pregnancy may be a risk factor for exacerbation of symptoms and familial transmission is the most common route of infection. The importance of infection prevention should be emphasised, especially in women in late pregnancy, their families, and any cohabitants.Trial registration: None

scholarly journals Sleep Patterns in Pregnant Women with Obesity Differentially Affect Energy Intake and Metabolic Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 984-984
Author(s):  
Emily Flanagan ◽  
Abby Altazan ◽  
Jasper Most ◽  
Robbie Beyl ◽  
Daniel Hsia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Gain Energy

Abstract Objectives During pregnancy, altered glucose kinetics coupled with disrupted sleep increase the risk for adverse metabolic health outcomes. The aim of this prospective, observational study in pregnant women with obesity was to 1) examine sleep patterns in early and late pregnancy; and 2) identify how changes in sleep patterns impact gestational weight gain, energy intake and metabolic health. Methods In 52 healthy pregnant women with obesity (27.4 ± 0.6 y; BMI: 36.3 ± 0.7 kg/m,2), energy intake (intake-balance method), and changes in weight, fasting glucose, insulin, lipids and habitual sleep (5 consecutive nights via wrist worn accelerometer) were assessed from early (13,0–15,6 weeks) to late (35,0–36,6) pregnancy. A change to habitual sleep parameters (increase or decrease) was defined as ± one-half of the standard deviation of the 5-day measurement in early pregnancy. Results Results In early pregnancy, time spent in bed (TIB) was 9.40 ± 0.13 h and varied 1.61 ± 0.11 h across the 5 nights. Total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE) significantly declined from early to late pregnancy 7.05 ± 0.13 h to 6.46 ± 0.15 h (P &lt; 0.001) and 76 ± 0.1% to 71 ± 0.2% (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. Women who increased TIB (11 of 52) had a significant decrease in plasma glucose −11.6 ± 4.3% (P &lt; 0.01) and a trend towards lower insulin (−57.8 ± 33.5%; P = 0.09) and HOMA-IR (−72.4 ± 37.3%; P = 0.058) across pregnancy compared to women who decreased their TIB (13 of 52). Women who increased TIB had a significantly lower daily energy intake (−540 ± 163 kcal; P &lt; 0.01) and tended to have less gestational weight gain (−146.7 ± 87.6 g/wk; P = 0.10). There was no difference in weight gain, energy intake or plasma markers between women who increased or decreased TST or SE. Conclusions Although sleep time and sleep quality decline throughout pregnancy, TIB had the greatest impact on metabolic health in pregnant women with obesity. Women spending more TIB consumed fewer calories. Our data suggest that the relationship between glucose metabolism and sleep during pregnancy is at least in part explained by lower energy intakes, possibly due to shorter eating windows. Studies that manipulate the eating window, independent of sleep timing are needed to understand the benefits to metabolic health for women during pregnancy. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health [R01DK099175].

scholarly journals Factor VIII and Factor VIII Related Antigen in Normal Pregnancy

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. S. de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Clear Tendency ◽  
Factor Viii Related Antigen ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Pregnancy

Factor VIII and factor VIII related antigen were found to change proportionately during normal pregnancy. There was a clear tendency for levels of activity and antigen to increase as the duration of the pregnancy advanced. In the pregnant women studied a significant difference was observed in factor VIII levels between Blood Group A and Blood Group O. A similar difference was found in factor VIII related antigen levels. Age, weight and previous use of contraceptives seems to have no influence on factor VIII and factor VIII related antigen values in pregnancy.

Antithyroid Antibodies in Sera of Women with Spontaneous Abortion and Normal Pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4326-4331
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Outcome Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Autoimmune thyroiditis is the most frequent autoimmune disease. We analyzed the association between the presence and value of titer of anti-thyroid antibodies (atbs) and spontaneous abortion (SA). Moreover, we analyzed the association between TSH values and the presence of anti-thyroids atbs. We tested anti-TPO and anti-TG atbs in 257 women: 85 probands, 87 pregnant women with normal pregnancy outcome, and 85 with SA. We tested TSH in 87 pregnant women with normal pregnancy outcome. No significant difference was found between the prevalence of cases with positive anti-TPO and anti-TG atbs in women with normal pregnancy outcome vs. SA patients. In women with positive atbs titer, anti-TPO and anti-TG values were higher in SA group compared with normal pregnancy outcome group. A significant threshold was reached only for anti-TG atbs. TSH values were higher in pregnant women with positive anti-TPO and anti-TG values compared with those with a negative atbs titer. In pregnant women with positive anti-thyroid atbs titers, spontaneous abortion group patients have higher anti-TG titers than women with normal pregnancy outcome. TSH values are higher in the group of patients with positive anti-TPO and anti-TG atbs titers compared with the group of patients with negative anti-TPO and anti-TG values. Keywords: Anti-TPO, anti-TG, pregnancy outcome, spontaneous abortion, TSH

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