gamma-Linoleic acid and ascorbic acid ameliorate the effects of experimental diabetes on electrolyte and bone homeostasis in pregnant rats

Experimental diabetes in rats is associated with excessive electrolyte loss in the urine, which is further accentuated by pregnancy, particularly of Ca. Supplementation with essential fatty acids and antioxidants has proven beneficial in treating several types of complications, including nephropathy. The present study investigated the effect of gamma-linoleic acid (GLA; 500 mg/kg per day; group DG) and ascorbate (290 mg/kg per day; group DA), alone and in combination (group DGA), as well as ascorbyl-GLA (790 mg/kg per day; group DASG), on urinary electrolyte output and skeletal composition in pregnant streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Urine was collected in metabolism cages before and throughout pregnancy. Diabetic rats (DP) increased their urine volume as compared with control (CP) throughout the experiment, reaching an output of more than 13 times that of the control group by the end of pregnancy (CP 24+/-4, DP 316+/-21, DG 223+/-21, DA 221+/-14, DASG 163+/-17, DGA 220+/-19 ml urine/24 h). Concomitant with increased urine volume was a reduction of urinary Na (CP 47+/-14, DP 22+/-5 mmol/l), K (CP 210+/-34, DP 31+/-1 mmol/l) and Mg (CP 14+/-1, DP 3.8+/-0.2 mmol/l) concentration, but not of Ca concentration (CP 5.4+/-1.5, DP 6.3+/-0.6 mmol/l), and hence total Ca loss was relatively most severe. All the treatments reduced urine volume with no effects on electrolyte concentration as compared with DP, with no significant difference between the treatments. A reduced bone size and bone Ca content was partially ameliorated by the diet supplementation. We have concluded that GLA and ascorbate, alone or in combination, prevent urinary electrolyte loss in pregnant rats and do so by reducing urine production.

Download Full-text

The Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin and Rutin on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Experimentally Induced Periodontitis in Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1332

Author(s):

Gilda M. Iova ◽

Horia Calniceanu ◽

Adelina Popa ◽

Camelia A. Szuhanek ◽

Olivia Marcu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Experimentally Induced

Background: There is a growing interest in the correlation between antioxidants and periodontal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress and the impact of two antioxidants, curcumin and rutin, respectively, in the etiopathology of experimentally induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups and were induced with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: (1) (CONTROL)—control group, (2) (DPP)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, (3) (DPC)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with curcumin (C), (4) (DPR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with rutin (R) and (5) (DPCR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with C and R. We evaluated malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress and reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG and catalase (CAT) as biomarkers of the antioxidant capacity in blood harvested from the animals we tested. The MDA levels and CAT activities were also evaluated in the gingival tissue. Results: The control group effect was statistically significantly different from any other groups, regardless of whether or not the treatment was applied. There was also a significant difference between the untreated group and the three treatment groups for variables MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT. There was no significant difference in the mean effect for the MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT variables in the treated groups of rats with curcumin, rutin and the combination of curcumin and rutin. Conclusions: The oral administration of curcumin and rutin, single or combined, could reduce the oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant status in hyperglycemic periodontitis rats.

Download Full-text

Regression of gestational diabetes induced cardiomegaly in offspring of diabetic rat

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502009000400002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 251-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Honório Sampaio Menezes ◽

Cláudio Galeano Zettler ◽

Alice Calone ◽

Jackson Borges Corrêa ◽

Carla Bartuscheck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Levene Test

PURPOSE: To compare body weight and length, heart weight and length, heart-to-body weight ratio, glycemia, and morphometric cellular data of offspring of diabetic rats (ODR) and of normal rats (control). METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 3 pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 30 rats, on the 11th day after conception by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Six normal pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 50 rats, made up the control group. Morphometric data were obtained using a scale for the weight, length, heart and body measurements. Morphometric cellular data were obtained by a computer assisted method applied to the measurements of myocytes. Statistical analysis utilized Student's t-test, ANOVA and Levene test. RESULTS: Control offspring had greater mean body weight and length than offspring of diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Heart weight and length and heart-to-body ratios of newborn rats differed between groups at birth (p < 0.001), but showed no difference at 21 days. Mean nuclei area and perimetric value of the myocytes decrees throughout the first 21 days of life (p < 0.01) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Heart hypertrophy on the offspring of diabetic rats at birth was demonstrated by the significant difference between the groups. After the eleventh day, no difference was found, which confirmed regression of cardiomegaly. The significant difference between the first and the 21th day of life, for nuclei area feature, demonstrate regression of cardiac hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic rats.

Download Full-text

Effect of alpha-blocker use on morbidity and lower urinary tract symptoms in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy

Urologia Journal ◽

10.1177/03915603211038344 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 039156032110383

Author(s):

Remzi Salar ◽

Güven Erbay

Keyword(s):

Prostate Biopsy ◽

Voiding Dysfunction ◽

Prostate Volume ◽

Transrectal Ultrasound ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Maximum Flow ◽

Control Group ◽

Alpha Blocker ◽

Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: To evaluate voiding dysfunction and morbidity after transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy and to investigate whether pre-intervention alpha-blocker treatment had any effect on morbidity and voiding dysfunction. Material and methods: The study included 197 consecutive patients who underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy between January 2014 and January 2018. The patients were divided into two groups, those receiving alpha-blocker (silodosin) and those not receiving alpha-blocker treatment before the procedure (controls). All patients were evaluated before and one week after the procedure with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), measurements of maximum flow rate ( Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR) and prostate volume, and procedure-related complications were also recorded. All analyzed parameters were compared by within-group and between-group evaluations. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of IPSS, Qmax and prostate volume values before biopsy. In the follow-up evaluation performed on the seventh day after biopsy, IPSS, PVR and prostate volume were found to be increased, whereas Qmax was decreased in the control group ( p < 0.05). In the silodosin group, an increase in prostate volume was observed, but there were no significant changes in IPSS, Qmax and PVR values. Acute urinary retention (AUR) after the biopsy procedure developed in two patients (2%) in the silodosin group, and in nine patients (9.1%) in the control group ( p = 0.02). No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of biopsy-related complications, except for AUR. Conclusion: We believe that alpha-blocker treatment initiated before biopsy may be advantageous in preventing voiding dysfunction that may develop after the procedure.

Download Full-text

Could Evening Dietary Protein Intake Play a Role in Nocturnal Polyuria?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9082532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2532

Author(s):

Upeksha S. Alwis ◽

Joris Delanghe ◽

Lien Dossche ◽

Johan Vande Walle ◽

John Van Camp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Sodium Excretion ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Free Water ◽

Control Group ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Nocturnal Polyuria ◽

Urea Excretion ◽

Urine Production

Urea is the most abundant and the largest contributing factor for urine osmolality. Urinary urea excretion is highly interrelated with dietary protein intake. Accordingly, an increase of urinary urea excretion due to high protein diet may lead to urea-induced osmotic diuresis. This study aims to explore the association between nocturnal polyuria (NP) and urea. This is a post hoc analysis of a prospective observational study of subjects who completed a renal function profile between October 2011 and February 2015 (n = 170). Each subject underwent a 24 h urine collection, which included 8 urine samples collected at 3 h intervals. Urine volume, osmolality, creatinine, urea and sodium were determined. Urinary urea excretion was used to estimate dietary protein intake. Compared to the control group, subjects with NP exhibited significantly higher nighttime urea and sodium excretion. Estimated evening dietary protein intake was correspondingly significantly higher amongst the NP subgroup. Nighttime diuresis rate was positively associated with age and nighttime free water clearance, creatinine clearance, sodium excretion, and urea excretion in NP subjects. Therefore, increased nocturnal urinary urea excretion may reflect an additional important mediator of nocturia owing to excess nocturnal urine production.

Download Full-text

THE THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BINTANGUR LEAVES (CALOPHYLLUM SOULATTRI BURM. F) ON FEMALE WHITE RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i18.33086 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 160-163

Author(s):

INARAH FAJRIATY ◽

HAFRIZAL RIZA ◽

FAJAR NUGRAHA ◽

FRENGKI FRIANTO

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Teratogenic Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Pregnant Rat ◽

White Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Formation

Objectives: Drugs can cause undesired effects on the fetus during pregnancy, especially embryonic/organogenesis which could lead to defects in the fetus because some types of drugs can penetrate the placenta and will undergo biotransformation into a highly reactive compound that has the potential to become a teratogenic compound. The aim of this research was to examine the teratogenic effect of bintangur leaves (Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F) ethanol extract to Sprague Dawley strain white rats. Methods: The white rats are divided into four treatment groups: Control group was given carboxymethyl cellulose Na 1%, comparison group was given trimethoprim 360 mg/kg BW, C. soulattri leaves ethanol extract (CLE) 100 mg/kg BW, and CLE 500 mg/kg BW. The treatment was administrated since organogenesis period. Cesarian section was performed to pregnant rat at the 20th day to separate the fetuses. Observation covered body weight of pregnant rats, fetal biometric, morphological malformation, and skeletal formation. Results: CLE 100 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW did not cause any change in the number of a living fetus, body weight, and length of fetuses like the comparison group. Both doses of CLE shown have a normal skeletal formation. Resorption was found in the comparison group and CLE 100 mg/kg BW with the percentage was 65.21% and 6.67%. It was found that there is no significant difference (p<0.05) between both doses of CLE compared to control group. Conclusion: From the results, it is concluded that CLE did not have the teratogenic effect.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Administration of Omega-3 and Vitamin E on the Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Preeclampsia White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20211202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 7-15

Author(s):

Dina Taufia ◽

Syamel Muhammad ◽

Arni Amir

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Control Group ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

White Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Way Anova

Background: Preeclampsia is a disease with a variety of theories that describe the uncertainty of the pathophysiology. According to the oxidative stress theory, preeclampsia originates from the failure of trophoblast invasion during the implantation process, causing ischemia and placental hypoxia, which in turn causes cell damage, including placental endothelial cell dysfunction. Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E have an important role in preventing preeclampsia. Omega-3 fatty acids play an important role in maintaining cell membranes and anti-inflammatory processes. At the same time, vitamin E acts as a fat-soluble antioxidant that can prevent oxidative stress, inhibit proinflammatory cytokines, and protect fatty acids from oxidation. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 and vitamin E on the level of ROS and NO in pregnant rats with preeclampsia models. Method & Material: This type of research is experimental with Post-Test Only Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 35 pregnant rats, which were divided into five groups. On the 19th day, blood serum was taken to check the levels of ROS and NO. The measuring instrument used is a spectrophotometer with the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro Wilks normality test. After the parametric test was completed, the hypothesis was tested using one-way ANOVA. Results: The average levels of ROS in each group were K- : 121,684 ng/L, K+ : 143,885 ng/L, P1 : 136,250 ng/L, P2 : 132.433 ng/L, and P3 : 122,993 ng/L. The average levels of NO obtained were K-: 29,502 ng/L, K+: 26,053 ng/L, P1: 27,250 ng/L, P2: 27,555 ng/L, and P3: 32,278 ng/L. The results of one-way ANOVA analysis showed that the administration of omega-3 and vitamin E had a significant difference between the control and treatment groups, both at levels of ROS (p=0.001) and levels of NO (p=0.001). Conclusion: The administration of omega-3, vitamin E, and omega-3 plus vitamin E can reduce ROS levels in pregnant rats with preeclampsia models. There is an increase of NO levels only in the administration of omega-3 plus vitamin E. Keywords: [Omega-3, Vitamin E, Oxidative stress, ROS, NO, Preeclampsia].

Download Full-text

A Stereological Study on Colon Tissue Layers of Type 1 Diabetic Rats Following Thiamine and Lead Acetate Use

Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/jams.24.1.4927.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 36-49

Author(s):

Rahmat Allah Fatahian Dehkordi ◽

◽

Soren Nooraie ◽

Alborz Yadollahi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Layer Thickness ◽

Lead Acetate ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Colon Tissue ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background and Aim: Diabetes is a well-known disease with such complications, as retinopathy, nephropathy, and gastropathy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of thiamine and lead acetate on the colon of induced-alloxan diabetic rats; the effects of which become obvious in the treatment or reduction of tissue complications caused by diabetes. Methods & Materials: In this study, 63 rats weighing 200 g were divided into 9 groups, as follows: 1) Group of diabetes+pb acetate 200 ppm; 2) Group of thiamin+pb acetate 200 ppm; 3) Group of thiamine+pb acetate 1000 ppm; 4) Group of diabetes+thiamine+Pb acetate 1000 ppm; 5) Diabetes group; 6) Group of diabetes+thiamine; 7) Group of diabetes+thiamine+acetate 200 ppm; 8) Group of diabetes+pb acetate 1000 ppm, and 9) the control group. After 20 days, the study samples were removed from the abdominal cavity and the slides were prepared by routine tissue method. Then, the slides were evaluated for stereological and histomorphometric studies. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University (Code: GRN1M1903). Moreover, all methods used in the present study, including facilitation, were conducted per the ethical principles of animal restraint. Results: The mean thickness of mucosa-sub-mucosa suggested significant differences in groups 6 and 7, compared to other treatment groups. There was a significant difference in the thickness of the muscle layer between the control and all treatment groups except for groups 2, 6, and 7. There was no significant difference in the mean thickness of advantia layer in groups 1, 7, and 8, and the control group. The obtained results also indicated a significant difference concerning different layers of colon tissue between group 1 and controls. Conclusion: Based on the present research results, thiamine presented enhancing effects on muscle layer thickness and adventitia layer thickness. Furthermore, the area of the mucosal layer was not affected by the improving effects of thiamine.

Download Full-text

The Relationship between Kt/VUrea and Npna in Anuric Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Comparison with Predialysis Patients

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686080102100513 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 509-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

◽

Maarten A.M. Jansen ◽

Johanna C. Korevaar ◽

Friedo W. Dekker ◽

Kitty J. Jager ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Residual Renal Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Urea Clearance ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Urine Production ◽

The Relationship

Objective It is unknown whether a given level of urea clearance by the native kidneys provides better or similar control of uremia than the same level of urea clearance by continuous peritoneal dialysis (PD). More insight into possible differences between renal and peritoneal urea clearances is warranted. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Kt/Vurea and protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance normalized to body weight (nPNA), the relationship between urea clearance and creatinine appearance, and other nutritional parameters in PD patients without residual renal function, and in predialysis end-stage renal disease patients. Patients All patients participated in the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis. This is a prospective cohort study of incident dialysis patients, in whom regular assessments of renal function are done. A group of 75 PD patients was identified at the first follow-up assessment in which their urine production was less than 100 mL/day. These patients were considered the anuric group. This group was compared with a control group of 97 predialysis patients studied 0 – 4 weeks before the start of dialysis treatment. Results Linear relationships were present between Kt/Vurea and nPNA, in both the predialysis patients and the anuric PD patients. A significant difference was present between the slopes of the two regression lines (0.40 vs 0.18, p = 0.007). When Kt/Vurea exceeded 1.3/week, a given level of Kt/Vurea was associated with a higher nPNA in predialysis than in anuric PD patients. Similar relationships were found between Kturea and PNA. Kturea was also significantly related to urine or dialysate creatinine appearance. A significant difference existed between the slopes of the regression lines in the two groups of patients ( p < 0.001). A weekly Kturea of 70 L was associated with a urine creatinine appearance of 11.0 mmol/day and a dialysate creatinine appearance of 8.4 mmol/day. Nutritional status measured with creatinine appearance and Subjective Global Assessment was better in the predialysis population, despite much lower values for Kt/Vurea in these patients. Conclusions The relationship between Kt/Vurea and nPNA in anuric PD patients is different from that in a predialysis population. It follows from our results that, when Kt/Vurea is above 1.3/week, a given level of Kt/Vurea is associated with a higher nPNA in predialysis than in anuric PD patients. This challenges the concept of equivalency between renal and peritoneal Kt/Vurea with respect to control of uremic morbidity.

Download Full-text

Identification of Plant Soot as Novel Safe Feed Additive: Evaluation of 90-Day Oral Toxicity and Prenatal Developmental Toxicity in Rats

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.610627 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Xingyao Pei ◽

Xilong Xiao ◽

Jianling Liao ◽

Linfu Ke ◽

Daowen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Developmental Toxicity ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Effect Level

Plant soot, as a novel feed additive, could not only improve digestive function but also adsorb mycotoxins and inhibit bacterial infections. The subchronic toxicity and prenatal developmental effects of plant soot were studied for the first time. Our results indicated that there was no subchronic toxicity in the range of 2,000–50,000 mg/kg plant soot added in the feed, and there was no significant difference in reproductive function, embryo development, and teratogenicity between the pregnant rats exposed to 312.5, 1,250, and 5,000 mg/kg plant soot and the control group. The maximum no-observed effect level (NOEL) of supplemental dosage in feed could be set to 50,000 mg/kg, and the maximum intragastric NOEL could be set to 5,000 mg/kg, which preliminarily provided guidance on daily additive amount or clinical protocols for plant soot, as well as promoting the development and application of this harmless antibiotic substitutes.

Download Full-text

Caffeine Improves Hormonal and Lactate Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401314666180515143951 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 621-626

Author(s):

Luiz A. da Silva ◽

Jéssica Wouk ◽

Vinícius M.R. Weber ◽

Pablo de Almeida ◽

Julio C.L. Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Test ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Exercise Stress Test ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Exercise Stress ◽

Control Group ◽

Steady State Condition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lactate Minimum

Introduction: Lactate Minimum Test (LMT) identifies a sustainable exercise intensity, in which an equilibrium is observed between production and clearance of blood lactate and the hormone influence during this physiological moment. Objective: The present study aimed to identify the levels of LM and hormones after caffeine consumption and exercise Stress Test (ST) in diabetic rats. Methods: This study was composed of 24 animals, of 60 days, allocated into four groups: Control, Diabetic, Caffeine, and Diabetes+Caffeine. The Diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 120 mg/kg of alloxan. On the test day, 6 mg/kg of caffeine were administrated 30 minutes before the exercise Stress Test (ST) protocol. During the ST animals underwent a Stress Test (ST), in which they performed forced swimming (until exhaustion) tie to loads of 13% Body’s Weight (BW). The incremental phase of LM began with an initial load of 4% Body’s Weight (BW) and increased 0.5% every 5 min. Lactate concentration was measured 5, 7 and 9 min (mmol/L) after ST. The Incremental Progressive Test (IPT) involved swimming with loads of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 7.0% of BW, for 5min with each. Blood samples were collected by a caudal puncture to subsequent lactate and hormone assay. Results: Performance time and lactate concentration of hyperlactatemia test, as well as Lactate Minimum (LM) and Lactate (LAC) concentration after the progressive test presented a significant difference when comparing the levels of the control group with caffeine and diabetic group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested that caffeine improves lactate clearance and hormonal steady state condition of diabetic animals after hyperlactacidemia and physical exercise maintenance.

Download Full-text