Effects of plant growth and spacing on soil hydrological changes: a field study

The study focused on two grass species Holcus lanatus and Agrostis capillaris abundant in the sites of former As mining and processing in the Sudetes. Arsenic uptake from soils was examined to assess a risk associated with its accumulation in grass shoots and to check its dependence on soil fertilization. The research involved a field study and greenhouse experiment. In the field study, soil and plant samples were collected from 33 sites with 72–98,400 mg/kg total soil As. Arsenic uptake by grasses differed widely. Both species indicated a strategy typical for eliminators, although As concentrations in more than 50% of the shoot samples exceeded 4 mg/kg, a maximum permissible value for fodder. In the greenhouse experiment, commercial cultivars of both species were grown in five soils containing 394–19,600 mg/kg, untreated and fertilized. All seedlings died in the soil with highest total As, and considerable phytotoxicity was observed in other soils, particularly in nonfertilized ones. Fertilization resulted in the improvement of plant growth and reduction of As uptake except for Agrostis capillaris fertilized with manure. Further research should focus on identifying tolerant genotypes growing in extremely enriched sites and analysis of factors that will efficiently reduce As phytoaccumulation.

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Development of a Seedling-applied Antitranspirant Formulation to Enhance Water Status, Growth, and Yield of Transplanted Bell Pepper

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.3.405 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 405-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Peter Nitzsche ◽

Gerald A. Berkowitz' ◽

Jack Rabin

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Water Potential ◽

Field Study ◽

Leaf Water Potential ◽

Water Status ◽

Growing Season ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Transplant Shock

The objective of this research was to develop an effective antitranspirant formulation for reducing transplant shock (transitory water stress) in bell pepper (Capsicm annuum L.) seedlings. A formulation with a paraffin wax emulsion (Folicote at 5%) and a spreader/sticker type surfactant (Biofilm at 0.5%) was effective as an antitranspirant. This formulation was less phytotoxic than other formulations tested. Application of the formulation led to increased leaf water potential (Ψ w) i in transplanted seedlings for several days as compared with untreated transplants. When this, (relatively) nonphytotoxic formulation was used in a field study for 1 year, increased seedling Ψ w during a period of imposed water stress led to less leaf abscission and increased plant growth throughout the growing season. Chemical names used: alkylarylpolyethoxyethanol (Biofilm).

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Established `Tifblue' Rabbiteye Blueberries Respond to Irrigation and Fertilization

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.7.1167 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 1167-1168 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James M. Spiers

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Field Study ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Treatment Initiation ◽

Vaccinium Ashei ◽

Fertilization Rates ◽

Complete Fertilizer

The effects of varying rates of a complete fertilizer and irrigation on the growth and fruit yields of `Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) established 3 years before treatment initiation were determined in a field study. Increased rates of irrigation resulted in increased plant growth and fruit yields. Five- and 6-year-old plants were more responsive to increasing irrigation rates than older plants. Irrigation water efficacy was greatest at lower rates and progressively less at higher rates of irrigation. Five- and 6-year-old plants fertilized with the lowest rate (14N–4P–7K; 150 g/plant) grew and yielded less than those fertilized with higher rates. Older plants did not respond to fertilization rates higher than 150 g/plant. Yearly rates of fertilization above 300 g/plant did not influence plant growth or fruit yields. Fertilization and irrigation responses were independent.

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DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF LONGAN GROWN ON AN ACID ULTISOL

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479712001299 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 225-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RICARDO GOENAGA

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Field Study ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Production Plant ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Leaf Petiole ◽

Matter Production

SUMMARYLittle is known about the adaptability of longan (Dimocarpus longan) to acidic soils high in aluminum (Al). A two-year field study was conducted to determine the effects of various levels of soil Al on dry matter production, plant growth and nutrient content in shoots of four cultivars of longan. Soil Al and cultivars were statistically different for all variables measured in the study. Total leaf, petiole, stem and root dry weights significantly decreased at soil Al concentrations ranging from 5.1 to 12.1 cmol kg−1 but this reduction was of a smaller magnitude in roots than in other organs. Increments in soil Al resulted in a significant reduction in the concentration of leaf Ca and a significant increase in leaf Al in all cultivars. Shoot content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Al declined with increase in soil Al. The result of this study demonstrates that longan is highly susceptible to acid soils.

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First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-7 on Cotton in Mississippi

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.10.1156b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (10) ◽

pp. 1156-1156

Author(s):

R. Baird ◽

W. Batson ◽

D. Carling ◽

M. Scruggs

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Field Study ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

First Report ◽

Secondary Roots ◽

Isolate Identification

During a field study of the soilborne mycobiota on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG-7 was isolated from dark brown lesions present on the tap, feeder, and secondary roots onto potato-dextrose agar (PDA) (34 g of medium per liter of distilled water). Isolate identification was confirmed using tester R. solani AG-7 isolates (Carling, University of Alaska) for comparison during anastomosis pairing. To confirm pathogenicity, six AG-7 isolates (65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70) obtained from cotton roots were tested in a plant growth incubator (18–24°C) by mixing 2.5 ml of 2-week-old cornmeal sand inoculum (3 g cornmeal, 100 g sand, and 20 ml distilled water) with 500 ml of autoclaved soil into each of five replicate polystyrene pots (15 cm wide × 20 cm long) per isolate. Five control pots containing noninfested soil were added for comparison. Five seed of cv. Deltapine 50 were sown into each pot. For all six isolates, mean stand counts (ranging from 0 and 1.3 plants per pot) were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) compared with those of plants in noninfested pots (3.8 plants per pot) at 21 days after planting. Furthermore, when the roots of surviving seedlings were evaluated for disease severity, brown, discolored lesions were observed at the base of stems and on roots in infested pots for all six isolates. Six AG-7 cultures of the pathogen were reisolated from symptomatic tissues onto PDA. The experiment was repeated with similar results. This is the first report of AG-7 occurring in Mississippi.

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Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on `Tifblue' Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.844f ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 844F-844

Author(s):

J.M. Spiers ◽

J.H. Braswell

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Field Study ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

The Other ◽

Trickle Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Rate ◽

Complete Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Rates ◽

Lower Plant

The effects of varying rates of a complete fertilizer and trickle irrigation on the growth an fruit yield of `Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberries were determined in a 6-year field study. For the first 3 years, plants fertilized with the lowest rate (150 g/plant per year) had lower plant volume and fruit yield than plants receiving the higher rates (300, 600, and 1200). For the remainder of the study, fertilizer rates did not influence plant growth or fruit yields. The influence of irrigation rates (3 to 27 liters/plant per week) on growth and yields was less evident during the 1st and 2nd years, but became more pronounced in the 3rd and 4th years of the study. In general, plants receiving the lowest irrigation rate grew and yielded less than plants irrigated at the other rates. By the 6th year, however, there were no significant differences in fruit yield due to irrigation rates or fertilizer levels.

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A COMPLEX FIELD STUDY OF RENI PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON BOTH THE GRAPE YIELD AND WINE QUALITY FROM THE CHARDONNAY AND CABERNET SOVIGNON CULTIVARS

Agricultural sciences ◽

10.22620/agrisci.2011.05.002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol III (5) ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Nanko Popov ◽

Ekaterina Gargova ◽

Kostadinka Rahova ◽

Andon Vasilev ◽

Venelin Roichev

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Field Study ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Complex Field ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Grape Yield

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Fertilizing Potential of Rye Stillage in A Maize Agroecosystem

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9110688 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 688

Author(s):

Hubert Rusecki ◽

Monika Skowrońska ◽

Sylwia Chojnacka ◽

Piotr Kraska ◽

Sylwia Andruszczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Field Study ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Maize Yields

The distillery stillage is a major byproduct generated during ethanol production from plant raw materials (e.g., cereals) and molasses. It contains a high percentage of organic matter susceptible to biodegradation and nutrients necessary for plant growth, and therefore, can be used for fertilization purposes. This study evaluated the fertilizing value of rye stillage applied in a grain maize agroecosystem. The field study was carried out in 2017–2018 (two growing seasons) on Luvisol (loamy sand) in Poland. The experiment scheme included four treatments: W0—the control with no stillage treatment, W15—15 m3 of stillage per hectare, W30—30 m3 of stillage per hectare, and W45—45 m3 of stillage per hectare. It was found that application of rye stillage was significant for maize yields. However, it demands supplementary potassium fertilization and regulation of the soil reaction and/or stabilization of the pH of stillage before its application. Moreover, due to its contribution to the build-up of residual available phosphorus in the soil, rye stillage may pose an environmental risk.

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SEASONAL PATTERN OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH IN OKRA

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1072a ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1072a-1072

Author(s):

Bharat P. Singh ◽

James D. Sutton

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Field Study ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Reproductive Period ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

Little is known about the morphology of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) plant. This information is critical to understanding of plant growth and possible factors limiting yield. Therefore, a field study was conducted during 1989 to determine the changes in leaf number, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight in okra during the fruiting period. Four okra genotypes, PI-178818, PI-211573, Lee and Clemson spineless, were planted in randomized complete block design with four replications. All four genotypes had similar stem dry weight, but differed significantly in leaf number and leaf dry weight. During the reproductive period, 42% of new leaves, 61% of leaf dry weight and 82% of stern dry weight were formed. PI-178818 had highest leaf number and maximum leaf dry weight, but produced lowest fruit yield. The results suggested that since vegetative growth and fruiting proceeds simultaneously in okra, partitioning of dry weight to pod maybe critical for high okra yields.

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