scholarly journals THE CHILD AS AN «ARCHETYPE», «PROTOTYPE» AND «ASSEMBLAGE POINT»

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Galina M. Ponomareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Scientific Paradigms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of

A new stage in the development of the humanities is largely connected with the understanding of the consequences of the «anthropological turn», the beginning of which is attributed to the 1960s-70s. Numerous discussions of this period led to the formation of new trends associated with the change of scientific paradigms and the transition to a post-non-classical interpretation of the «human phenomenon». The purpose of this article is to study the possible theoretical and methodological prospects that open up to philosophical anthropology due to the emergence of new explication models and new scientific lexicons. To achieve this goal, we chose the image of the Child, accumulating the most essential features of a person and a human being and interpreted metaphorically, as the starting point of the analysis. The Child is presented as an «anthropological constant» denoting a person’s ability to innovate and operate with imaginary phenomena endowed with the status of real ones. As an «anthropological constant», the Child acquires archetypal features that are significant for understanding the nature and meaning of any human activity and interpreting the processes of patterning human states. The approach developed in the article allows us to make several assumptions. First, the Child should be considered in the context of the drama of human existence, which consists in the infinite variability and fundamental incompleteness of the «human project». In this case, what comes to the fore is not the task of studying the boundaries of the human but the definition of the actual capabilities of a person. Secondly, the image of the Child embodies a state of transience, randomness. This requires a wider use of the method of multiple interpretations and post-phenomenological approaches within the framework of modern philosophical anthropology. Thirdly, the image of the Child embodies an existential conflict, which makes it possible to identify the complex dynamics of human states and describe them contextually.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF «HUMAN NATURE» AS AN AXIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Guzel K. Saikina ◽  
◽  
Zulfiya Z. Ibragimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Essential Idea ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ontological Framework

In the philosophy of the 20th century, the idea of the absence of nature in man was established, due to which the concept of «human nature» became a rudiment in anthropological knowledge, and man himself began to be comprehended as «unsupported». In the era of the «biotechnological revolution», this concept turns out to be inconvenient for the transgressive game of man with his own limits. However, the problematization of a person in modern anthropological discourse can occur in many respects precisely through questioning the human nature. In the era of developed biotechnologies, for the purposes of human ecology, modern anthropology should not so much deny as assert the nature of man, since the concept of «human nature» indicates an ontological framework that preserves the authenticity of man, ensuring the continuity of all his historical forms. In contrast to the interpretation of the concept of human nature as opposed to the social essence (as a base physical, material, biological, vital part of human being), it is heuristically significant to elevate it to a socially significant axiological principle, filling it with value content by raising the status of the human nature. This is especially important due to the fact that this concept is substantively included in ethical, social and humanitarian expertise of biotechnological projects. Without the axiological development of this concept, bioethical and ecological discourses will lose strength and persuasiveness. A person is always incomplete, multidimensional, multifaceted, therefore there cannot be a single essential idea of a person capable of becoming the cementing foundation of anthropological knowledge, as the first generation of «philosophical anthropology» representatives hoped for. Still, man is one anthropological type with a single nature. As a result of the study, a hypothesis has been put forward that it is the reanimation of the concept of «human nature» that will give unity to anthropological knowledge and become its «ideological core».

On patience: thinking with and beyond Karl Barth

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-298
Author(s):  
Paul Dafydd Jones
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Free Action ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Church Dogmatics ◽  
In Christ

AbstractThis article has three goals: (1) to provide a careful analysis of Barth's treatment of divine patience in Church Dogmatics II/1; (2) to show how Barth's thinking about divine patience helps to illumine his account of human being and human activity in later portions of the Church Dogmatics; and (3) to offer a series of constructive suggestions which connect Barth's theology with liberationist visions of human existence.With respect to Church Dogmatics II/1, I argue that Barth breaks with a number of earlier thinkers and focuses attention on God's exercise of patience, treating it as a key dimension of God's creative and providential work. This exercise of patience means, specifically, that God accords creatures their own integrity and a capacity for free action, tempers God's punishment of sin and, in Christ, fulfils but does not temporally close the covenant. My analysis of divine patience in II/1 then serves as an interpretative key for reading later volumes of the Dogmatics. It sets in vivid relief Barth's belief that Christ's fulfilment of the covenant, achieved through Christ's life, suffering, death and resurrection, is the condition of possibility for humans being able to act with genuine integrity and consequence in the created realm. I propose, too, that Barth develops his thinking about patience by emphasising the ‘pressure’ of the patient God's empowering command – a command which is a constant summons, directed towards each and every human being, to live freely into God's future through acts of gratitude, obedience and responsibility, and to play some part in bringing creation to its glorious end. Finally, I explore the convergence between certain aspects of the Church Dogmatics and anti-essentialist construals of the self in contemporary theology. I aim to identify points of connection between Barth and thinkers like Marcella Althaus-Reid, and I voice support for a style of scholarship which elides the distinction between ‘systematic’ and ‘liberationist’ modes of inquiry.

scholarly journals REFERENCES RELATED TO THE DEFINITION OF THE STATUTE OF AERONAUTICAL STAFF IN THE PIONEERING PERIOD OF THE ROMANIAN MILITARY AERONAUTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Cristian MANOLACHI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Military Pilots ◽  
The Military

The establishment of the Military Aviation 110 years ago, a historical event with reference to the audacious flight made by the engineer Aurel Vlaicu, on the Cotroceni land, with the Vlaicu airplane no. 1 on June the 17th, 1910, the founding of the first Civil Pilot Schools and, later on, of the first Military Flight Training School, specialized aeronautical institutions that will initiate the training of military pilots, represents the starting point that will generate major debates in the leadership and political factors of the Armed Forces, regarding the theoretical and practical methods for the development of this new reality at the beginning of the twentieth century, the selection of the human resource excellently trained and motivated to carry out fearlessly and courageously dangerous activities in the field of air weapons, but also the taking of some measures to regulate the status, the obligations and rights of the aeronautical personnel, aspects that will find their solution by developing innovative legal instruments, adapted to the requirements of the times, which will decisively influence modern developments in the fundamental area of Air Law.

scholarly journals Jean-Paul Sartre et l’absurde de l’existence La Nausée et L’Être et le Néant na Jean-Paul Sartre et l’absurde de l’existence ”La Nausée” et ”L’Être et le Néant”

2018 ◽  
pp. 489-501
Author(s):  
Marta Agata Chojnacka
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
Definition Of

The main task of this work is to track down the absurdities of human existence which are described in the Jean-Paul Sartre’s texts. By analyzing the content of a novel Nausea author present the founding of Sartre’s theory of the existentialism that was later developed in the most famous philosophical work of the French philosopher, namely Being and nothingness. The thesis of this work is as follows: Sartre’s philosophical texts contain overall interpretation of existentialism. His literary texts give specific examples of human behavior, relationships, and activities immersed in absurd and illustrate the thesis from Sartre’s philosophical works. This article combines information contained in the philosophical and literary writings. In the first part author presents Sartre’s biography, emphasizing his literary and philosophical interests. Author tries to demonstrate absurdities of notion of existence in Nausea and Being and Nothingness to give an existential definition of the human being.

scholarly journals The dynamics of collaboration networks and the history of general relativity, 1925–1970

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 1129-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Lalli ◽  
Riaz Howey ◽  
Dirk Wintergrün
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Social Dynamic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis paper presents a novel methodology for defining and analyzing the dynamics of the collaboration networks of scientists working on general relativity from the mid-1920s–1970. During these four and a half decades the status of the theory underwent a radical transformation: from a marginal theory before the mid-1950s to a pillar of modern physics. To investigate this passage—known as the renaissance of general relativity—we used a definition of collaboration networks broader than the co-authorship relations retrievable from online datasets. We constructed a multilayer network, in which each layer represents a different kind of collaboration. After having analyzed the evolution over time of specific parameters of the co-authorship network, we investigated the effects of adding one type of collaboration edge at a time, in a cumulative fashion, on the values of these parameters and on the topology of the collaboration network through time, including rapid shifts in the dynamic evolution of the largest component. This analysis provides robust quantitative evidence that a shift in the structure of the relativity collaboration network occurred between the late 1950s and the early 1960s, when a giant component started forming. We interpret this shift as the central social dynamic of the renaissance process and then identify its central actors. Our analysis disproves common explanations of the renaissance process. It shows that this phenomenon was not a consequence of astrophysical discoveries in the 1960s, nor was it a simple by-product of socio-economic transformations in the physics landscape after World War II.

scholarly journals 從屬性論及關係論看胎兒在道教的道德地位

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Kim Lung YU
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The West ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spiritual Relationship

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.西方對於胎兒道德地位的討論，以胎兒是否人類為焦點；然而細讀文本，即可發現胎兒能否算是人並不是道經最關心的問題。討論胎兒是人與否可能未必是最適合於分析道教的胎兒觀。因此，本文嘗試以道經文本為起點，以屬性論和闢係論為進路，考察胎兒在道教中是否及如何具有道德地位。本文發現胎兒在道教中不必被明言被定義為人，也能獲取與成人相同的道德地位。因為道經中對胎兒的定義可分為兩大類：一是以之為反映宇宙空間結構、重覆宇宙創生過程、寓居萬神的顯聖 物。從屬性論的進路分析，可見此等胎兒具有與成人一樣的神聖屬性，因而也與成人一樣具有同等的道德地位；二是胎兒與母親有宿世冤仇的關係。從關係論的進路分析，可見此等胎兒與其母親具有密切的身心聯繫，因而也應與其母親一樣具有同等的、完整的人的道德地位。The West generally focuses on whether a fetus is a human being when discussing its moral status. However, a carefully reading of the Taoist scriptures indicates that this question is less important and may not be the best way to consider the status of the fetus in Taoism. Therefore, this study focuses on the Taoist scriptures, using the approaches of the theory of attributes and the theory of relationships, to determine whether a fetus has a moral status and what it is. It is found that it is not necessary for a fetus to be a human being to have a moral status as an adult. Indeed, in the Taoist scriptures, the definition of a fetus is divided into two categories: 1. A fetus is a hierophany parallel to the structure of the cosmos, a process of repetitive creation of the cosmos in which gods and goddesses live. Based on the theory of attributes, a fetus has the same sacred attributes as an adult and therefore has the same moral status. 2. A fetus has a relationship with the mother as enemies and creditors of past lives. Based on the theory of relationships, a fetus has a physical and spiritual relationship closely related to the mother and should therefore have a moral status equal to that of a complete human being.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 50 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals Człowiek Dążący, czyli antropologia filozoficzna w twórczości Krystiana Lupy

2019 ◽  
pp. 501-586
Author(s):  
Sylwia Merk
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

The starting point of Krystian Lupa’s work seems to coincide with the postulate that funds philosophical anthropology – get to know yourself. Sylwia Merk For the director, cognition is a kind of process, a constant study of himself and a constant verification of his status in the world. Lupa considers the striving for understanding to be the essence of humanity. The central issue of his work is therefore the ‘seeking man’. This study outlines the philosophical context of the director’s work, and also exposes in its context such problems as: the status of carnality, sexuality and eroticism, the question of utterance, and the meaning of unconsciousness and dreams in art. These reflections are subordinated to the extraction of anthropological motifs in Lupa’s investigations, as well as to the explanation of the concept of ‘the seeking man’.

The Reality of Love: An Affirmative Vision of Christianity Based on Kierkegaard’s Interpretation of the Maxim: Love is the Fulfilling of the Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-203
Author(s):  
Andrzej Słowikowski
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Fundamental Relation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Negative Element ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
God's Love ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
The Law

AbstractBased on Kierkegaard’s interpretation of the maxim Love is the fulfillment of the law the present article seeks to show how consistent use of Kierkegaard’s terminology can aid in discovering the affirmative vision of Christianity implicitly contained in the philosopher’s religious writings. The starting point is in this case the Christian, spiritual account of love as established by God in every human being which fully manifests itself in the love for one’s neighbor. Only such a love is able to fulfill the law, that is, to make the temporal, human life entirely comprehensible and full of meaning. In order to approach this thesis properly, a differentiation between the possibility of love (law, nature) and the reality of love (love, eternity) is introduced. In effect, it is shown how the concepts of law and love, related to each other dialectically, are able to explain the fundamental relation of the temporal to the eternal in human existence. The pattern as to how this relation of love to the law should be played out is Jesus Christ, as one who, by his love for God, fulfilled the law of God’s love for man. In this act, he created for every human being the possibility of reconciliation with God and established Christianity as a positive religion, one in which there is actually no negative element in existence.

scholarly journals Mistake as an anthropological phenomenon

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (I) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Лариса МОІСЄЄНКО
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Reasonable Person ◽  
General Scientific

The aim of the work is to study the concept of "error" through the prism of philosophical anthropology and the activities of aspects of human existence. The theoretical basis of work includes a system approach in combination with methods of general scientific knowledge and special methods (categorical, formal logic), methods of analysis, comparison; includes the means of discursive analytics and general principles of historical and philosophical science. The author carried out a substantive analysis of the concept of "error" through the prism of philosophical anthropology. It is shown that the error is an integral part of the substantive human activity, is an anthropological phenomenon, which in turn is the result of the formation of a "reasonable person", an integral part of human nature. The error is related to the reflection, it has signs of temporality, causes the split of human existence. An accidental, unplanned, unintentional, irreversible action that occurs in the minds of a person due to an incorrect interpretation or understanding, reflected in its actions, a distinction between expectations and result, has a negative impact.

scholarly journals Etyka i przerywanie ciąży

Etyka ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 51-80
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Szawarski
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Moral Problem ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Open Concept

One of the most commonly adduced arguments in the discussions on abortion says that a foetus is a human being. The article presents three classical types of criteria used to establish what is a human being: the genetic criterion, the criterion referring to development of the foetus, and the criterion of being born from human parents. The article takes up the problem of the perspectives for establishing a definition of man. The author believes that the concept of men is an open concept and that philosophical analysis of this concept cannot provide normative solutions to the moral problem of abortion. This is not to say that the moral problem of the right evaluation of abortion cannot be rationally solved. But if it can be, a no definition can be adopted as a starting point. The problem: what is a human being? which is a problem of appropriate definition should be substituted by a prescriptive problem: what may we do with a conceived being (organism) of which we do not know whether it is a human being or not? The rationally supported principle of behavior is in these circumstances the principle of potentiality. This principle disapproves of breaking the potentiality of a being conceived by human parents. Acceptance of this principle does not preclude implementation of a conscious and rational population policy. It is permissible to destroy potentiality of one human being for the sake of potentiality of other human being – not yet conceived, unborn or living. The acceptance of this principle implies approval of some controversial philosophical assumptions (does it make sense to talk about existence and desires of the conceived or the not yet conceived – potential human being?). But on this ground the foregoing arguments cannot be disposed of.

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