Canopy characteristics of ‘Mavuno’ hybrid brachiariagrass and ‘Marandu’ palisadegrass harvested at different harvest intensities

‘Mavuno’ is a newly released brachiariagrass (Urochloa hybrid) cultivar with limited information available in the literature. The objective of this study was to compare forage characteristics of this cultivar and ‘Marandu’ palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster cv. Marandu] harvested at 2 different stubble heights during 2 growing seasons (January‒April). The study was conducted in Araguaína, TO, Brazil in 2017 and 2018. Treatments were the factorial arrangement of 2 brachiariagrass cultivars, Mavuno and Marandu, harvested at 2 harvest intensities, 5 and 15 cm stubble height, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Response variables were canopy height, forage accumulation, proportion of leaf, stem and dead material, and concentration of crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM). Mavuno and Marandu did not differ (P>0.05) in forage accumulation (mean = 3,800 kg DM/ha/harvest) and IVDOM concentration (mean = 637 g/kg); however, Mavuno had lower CP concentration (101 vs. 110 g/kg), greater proportion of stems (16 vs. 13%) and less dead material (4 vs. 6%) than Marandu (P<0.05). Harvesting at 5 cm stubble height rather than 15 cm increased herbage accumulation per harvest (4,100 vs. 3,500 kg DM/ha) with decreased proportion of leaves (77 vs. 84%) and CP concentration (101 vs. 115 g/kg) (P<0.05). Our data suggest that Mavuno is a useful addition to the range of brachiaria grass cultivars for sowing in tropical regions and further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term persistence of Mavuno under different management practices in a range of environmental situations. While harvesting at 5 cm stubble height rather than 15 cm increased forage accumulation but reduced CP concentration, regardless of cultivar, longer-term effects on the stability of these pastures with these harvest frequencies and heights are open to question and studies should be continued for longer periods to assess longevity of stands under the 2 management strategies. Applying maintenance fertilizer during the growing season might have prevented the marked decline in dry matter accumulation as the season advanced and this hypothesis should be tested.

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Interactions Between Herbicide Application and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize Hybrids

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n9p21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Guilherme V. Pimentel ◽

Silvino G. Moreira ◽

Mateus O. T. de Avila ◽

Antonio Henrique F. de Carvalho ◽

Alessandro A. P. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

No Reduction ◽

Block Design ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Limited Information ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Different Levels

Maize hybrids have different levels of tolerance to the herbicide nicosulfuron, depending on the dose, the environment, the phenological stage of the plant and the timing of nitrogen fertilization, and phytotoxic effects can occur without proper management. There is also limited information on the selectivity of current genetically modified hybrids for other recommended herbicides, such as tembotrione. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides (tembotrione and nicosulfuron) and the timing of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of maize hybrids. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of four treatments [weeding; nicosulfuron + atrazine (20 and 32 + 1250 g ha-1 ai) and tembotrione + atrazine (75.6 + 1250 g ha-1 ai)] and two nitrogen fertilization times (0 and 7 days after application). Maize hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2 were assessed in two growing seasons (1st and 2nd harvest) during the 2016/2017 growing season. The percentages of weed control; phytotoxicity at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); plant height; number of rows per ear; and yield at harvest were evaluated. All herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds at the 1st harvest because of favourable climatic conditions. Nitrogen fertilization can be carried out on the same day as the application of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with no reduction in yield for the hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2.

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Screening of Existing and New Boxwood Cultivars for Disease Resistance and In Vitro Fungicide Screening to Manage Boxwood Dieback Caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-03-21-0070-rs ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Harleen Kaur ◽

Monique DeSouza ◽

Raghuwinder "Raj" Singh

Keyword(s):

Active Ingredient ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Germination Inhibition ◽

Industry Professionals ◽

The U.S

Boxwood is one of the most common and widely planted perennial ornamentals in both home gardens and commercial landscapes. Recently reported boxwood dieback, a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola, has been spreading at an alarming rate within the U.S. Boxwood breeders, nursery growers, and landscape professionals have shown great concerns regarding the lack of effective management practices. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to devise effective disease management strategies including screening cultivars to determine their susceptibility to boxwood dieback and screening various fungicides to determine their effectiveness in managing the disease. Host range studies were conducted by screening a wide variety of boxwood cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Although, boxwood cultivar ‘Little Missy’ showed much delayed symptom expression as compared to rest of the cultivars but none of the 11 cultivars were found to be resistance to boxwood dieback. In vitro screening of nine fungicides was conducted to determine mycelial growth as well as spore germination inhibition of eight isolates of C. theobromicola collected from eight states in the U.S. Of the nine fungicides, difenoconazole+pydiflumetofen showed maximum mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition at 1 ppm active ingredient followed by fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin+boscalid at 5 ppm active ingredient. Azoxystrobin+benzovindiflupyr significantly inhibited mycelial growth at 1 ppm but reduced spore germination at 10 ppm active ingredient. This study provides the boxwood industry professionals with critical and applied information pertaining to host susceptibility and fungicide efficacy to effectively mitigate boxwood dieback and to reduce its further spread.

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Irrigated sugarbeet yield, water use and water use efficiency responses to tillage practices

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1259 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jay Jabro ◽

Bart Stevens ◽

bill Iversen ◽

brett Allen ◽

Upendra Sainju

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Water Storage ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Use Efficiency

<p>Better management practices have been used to increase soil water storage and reduce evaporation from the soil surface to optimize crop water use efficiency (WUE) in irrigated agriculture. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of &#160;conventional tillage (CT), No-till (NT) and strip tillage (ST) practices on yield, water use (WU) and WUE of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) on a clay loam soil under over-head sprinkler irrigation system in the northern Great Plains. Tillage treatments were replicated five times in a randomized block design. Seasonal WU and WUE for sugarbeet root and sucrose yield were determined for the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons according to the water balance and WUE equations under three tillage practices. Results showed that no significant differences due to tillage treatment were found for crop WU, root yield, sucrose yield, and WUE for sugarbeet root and sucrose in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. In 2019, the average value of WU across three tillage systems (616 mm) was significantly greater relative to 2018 (468 mm) due to atypical large rainfalls (218mm) occurred in September of 2019. Consequently, WUE values for both root and sucrose yield in 2019 under CT, NT, and ST were significantly greater than those in 2018. While NT and ST practices are promising alternative to CT for agricultural production in this region, further research is needed prior to making any recommendation.</p>

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Evaluation of Seven Oat (Avena sativa) Genotypes for Biomass Yield and Quality Parameters under Different Locations of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2020/8822344 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Abuye Tulu ◽

Mekonnen Diribsa ◽

Worku Temesgen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Digestible Organic Matter

Recognizing the potential and importance of cultivating improved forage crops as a means of tackling the recurrent feed shortage facing the study area, seven oat genotypes were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two locations for three growing seasons (2014, 2015, and 2016). The study was aimed to evaluate dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter yield and nutrient composition of oat genotypes. The study revealed that oat genotypes responded differently for herbage dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter (OM) yield, and quality parameters in both study locations. Averaged over the seven oat genotypes, herbage DM and digestible OM yield. recorded at Bako were higher than Boneya Boshe location across the study periods. The ash ( P > 0.05) content did not vary among oat genotypes at both testing locations, while variation was observed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy (ME) constituents. In general, genotypes ILRI 6710 and 5453 showed higher herbage DM and digestible OM yield. Moreover, the two genotypes are also higher in their in vitro digestibility value and ME, DM, and CP contents but relatively lower in NDF, ADF, and ADL fiber constituents, and thus, they are recommended for wider cultivation.

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Effect of Mulching on Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the Coastal Sandy Land in Nghe An Province, Vietnam

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.af-689 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Tran Xuan Minh ◽

Nguyen Cong Thanh ◽

Tran Hau Thin ◽

Nguyen Thi Huong Giang ◽

Nguyen Thi Tieng

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Sandy Land ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Area Index ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L

Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the oil and cash crops in Vietnam. However, owing to the lack of appropriate management practices, the production and the area under cultivation of peanut have remained low. Mulches are the key factors contributing to promoting crop development and early harvest and increasing yields. Methods: The experiment consisted of three mulch treatments, viz., plastic mulch, straw mulch and no-mulch control. All the treatments were replicated thrice in a complete randomized block design. Result: In the conditions of mulch, the plant growth parameters (germination rate, growing time, plant height, number of branches per plant), leaf area index, the number of nodules per plant, dry matter accumulation, yield components and yield of peanut was much higher than that of no-mulch control. Among the mulches, plastic mulch was found superior to straw mulch in the pod yields and water-use efficiency and moisture conservation, thereby can be considered as a reliable practice for increasing the productivity of peanut on the coastal sandy land in Nghe An province, Vietnam.

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Effects of physical activity and feed and water restriction at reimplanting time on feed intake patterns, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txac008 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

C L Helmuth ◽

D R Woerner ◽

M A Ballou ◽

J L Manahan ◽

C M Coppin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Performance Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Design Experiment ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Negative Effect

Abstract In the feedlot, there can be a decrease in dry matter intake (DMI) associated with reimplanting cattle that negatively affects growth performance. This study was conducted to determine the mechanisms causing a decrease in DMI after reimplanting and identify a strategy to mitigate the decrease. Crossbred steers [n = 200; 10 pens/treatment; initial bodyweight (BW) = 386 ± 4.9 kg] were used in a randomized complete block design experiment. Cattle were implanted with Revalor-IS on day 0. Treatments included a Revalor-200 implant on day 90 before feeding with the following management practices imposed: 1) steers were returned to their home pen immediately after reimplant (PCON); 2) steers were placed in pens and restricted from feed and water for 4 hours (RES); 3) steers were walked an additional 805 m after reimplant and then returned home (LOC); 4) steers were restricted from feed and water for 4 hours and walked an additional 805 m (RES+LOC); 5) steers were given an oral bolus of Megasphaera elsdenii (Lactipro; MS Biotec, Wamego, KS) and were restricted from feed and water for 4 hours, then walked an additional 805 m (LACT). One-hundred steers were given an ear tag to record minutes of activity (ESense Flex Tags, Allflex Livestock Intelligence, Madison, WI). As a percentage of BW, DMI was 5% greater (P = 0.01) from reimplant to end for PCON vs. RES, LOC, and RES+LOC treatments. Likewise, as a percentage of BW, DMI was 6.6% greater (P = 0.03) from reimplant to end and 4.0% greater (P = 0.05) overall for the PCON treatment vs. the LOC treatment. Overall, DMI as a percentage of BW, was 3.3% greater (P = 0.02) for PCON vs. RES, LOC, and RES+LOC treatments. There was an increase in G:F from reimplant to end (P = 0.05) for RES+LOC vs. the LACT treatment. From these data, we conclude that restricting cattle from feed and water for 4 hours after reimplanting did not alter subsequent DMI. Increasing locomotion had the greatest negative effect on DMI and growth performance. Management strategies to decrease locomotion associated with reimplanting would be beneficial to DMI and overall growth performance of finishing beef steers.

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Natural Genetic Diversity of Nutritive Value Traits in the Genus Cynodon

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111729 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1729

Author(s):

Cleber de Souza ◽

Yolanda Lopez ◽

Patricio Munoz ◽

William Anderson ◽

Miguel Dall’Agnol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

United States Department ◽

Limited Information ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

National Plant Germplasm System

The Cynodon spp. collection maintained by United States Department of Agriculture National Plant Germplasm System (USDA-NPGS) has limited information on nutritive value (NV) traits. In this study, crude protein (CP), phosphorous concentration (P), in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were determined to (i) estimate genetic parameters for NV, (ii) obtain genetic values for the whole population across two harvests, (iii) estimate genotype by harvest interaction (GHI) for NV traits, and (iv) select accessions exhibiting improved NV traits compared to ‘Tifton 85′. The experiment was setup as a row-column design with two replicates and augmented representation of controls: Tifton 85, ‘Jiggs’, and ‘Coastal’. The whole-population was harvested twice, and data were analyzed using linear mixed models with repeated measures. In addition, a selected population of 15 genotypes were evaluated across 11 harvests to determine the extent of GHI. Genetic parameters revealed the presence of significant genetic variability, indicating potential improvements for NV through breeding. Specifically, P and IVDOM presented large variation, while NDF had lower diversity but some accessions exhibited lower NDF than Tifton 85. Low GHI, except for IVDOM, indicated genotypic stability and potential for selecting improved accessions under fewer harvests. Breeding line 240, PI-316510, and PI-3166536 presented superior NV than Tifton 85.

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Effect of Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i1930276 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-52

Author(s):

Preeti Chaudhary ◽

. Vivek ◽

R. K. Naresh ◽

B. P. Dhyani ◽

M. Sharath Chandra

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Parameter ◽

Research Centre ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Area Index ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Weed Population

A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P. during kharif (July –October), 2019 in randomised block design with three replications. The study comprised of ten different statistical treatments for weed management practices in transplanted rice and various observations were recorded during the crop growth period. The results indicated that the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT significantly reduced the weed population and dry weight over weedy check. The highest plant height, number of tillers (m-2), dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, panicle length, filled grains, unfilled grains, higher protein content, 1000-grain weight and grain yield (38.80 q ha-1), were recorded with the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT, which established itssuperiority over rest of the herbicidal treatments. Among weed management treatments, Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT (T8) found excellent to control weed population and increase growth parameter, yield attributes and crop productivity.

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Effect of Seedling Age and Water Management on the Performance of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Variety BRRI Dhan28

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v11i2.17484 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 28-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MS Ali ◽

MA Hasan ◽

S Sikder ◽

MR Islam ◽

MHR Hafiz

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Continuous Flooding ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Intermittent Irrigation ◽

Two Factors

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during November 2010 to May 2011 to find out the effect of seedlings age and water management on tillering behavior, growth dynamics, yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan28. The experiment was laid out in two factors randomized complete block design with four replications taking two seedlings age i.e. 15 and 30-d-old seedlings at transplanting and two water management practices viz. continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation. Fifteen-d-old seedlings provided greater ability of tiller production, dry matter accumulation and more leaf area than those of 30-d-old seedlings but the ability was influenced more with intermittent irrigation than continuous flooding. Transplanting of younger seedlings provided more effective tillers hill-1, filled grains panicle-1, thousand grain weight and finally grain yield than those of the older one but the younger seedlings interacted with intermittent irrigation significantly to explore all of these parameters. Fifteen-d-old seedlings of took shorter time to be matured than 30-d-old seedlings in both continuous flooded and intermittent irrigated condition. Again the crop matured 2 days earlier in intermittent irrigated plots than continuous flooded plots for both 15 and 30-d-old seedlings. Finally it may be concluded that transplanting of younger seedlings in combination with intermittent irrigation performed the best in tiller production, growth dynamics, yield and yield contributing characters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17484 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 28-37

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Weed Interference in the Establishment of Urochloa ruziziensis

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100077 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

A.A. LOURENÇO ◽

R.V. MOTA ◽

J.L. SANCHES ◽

R.F. MARQUES ◽

S.R. MARCHI

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Block Design ◽

Gas Production ◽

Co2 Production ◽

Morphological Parameters ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Dead Material ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to study weed interference relationship on morphogenesis, yield, and greenhouse gas production potential of Urochloa ruziziensis under pasture renovation conditions. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of seven coexistence periods: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after emergence (DAE). The following morphological parameters were analyzed: number of tillers, number of leaves, photosynthetically active leaf blade biomass, fresh stem biomass, dead material biomass, and total dry biomass. In vitro analyses of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production were also carried out. The results were submitted to analysis of variance by the F-test, and the test of means was carried out by the Scott-Knott test at 5%. Biomass, CH4, and CO2 production of U. ruziziensis were modified with only 15 days of weed coexistence, with an effect even higher from 45 DAE. Therefore, weeds interfere with all morphological parameters, yield, and greenhouse gas production in the pasture establishment with the forage grass U. ruziziensis.

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