scholarly journals Development Trends of Project Finance in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Danil Bobrov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Fields ◽  
Project Finance ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concession Period ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Global Project

The article discusses the history of the development and establishment of project finance in Russia, existing approaches to the periodization of its development are described. The starting point for the deve­lopment of project finance is the exploration of Siberia and Alaska. The concession period of the Russian Empire and NEP, methods of attracting foreign capital in the development of telecommunications, railways and oil fields are examined. The similarity of long-term finan­cing of capital investments in the USSR and project financing according to the basic principles is revealed. A parallel with the global experience in the application of project finance in the 20th century is drawn. An overview of the volume and structure of the global project finance market and current Russian trends in the application of the project finance mechanism is provided.

scholarly journals SANITARY GUARDIANS IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Anna B. Agafonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
City Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Oversight

The article describes the history of creation and activities of sanitary guardians in the cities of the Russian Empire. The study aims to identify organizational and social contradictions in guardianships’ activities, which hindered citizens from involvement in solving local sanitary problems. Boards of sanitary guardians were established by order of local authorities to involve the population in the fight against epidemics and conducting sanitary measures. The sanitary guardians’ activities consisted of timely notification of local authorities about the emergence of epidemics, participation in sanitary inspections of households, and conducting preventive conversations with homeowners about their compliance with public health and urban improvement regulations. The practice of citizens social participation in monitoring the urban area’s cleanliness was intended to level out the contradictions between homeowners and temporary doctors and sanitary executive commissions “alien” to the city community. Still, it often provoked conflicts between sanitary guardians and homeowners who defended the rights to inviolability of their property. In general, public oversight conducted by sanitary guardians has proven ineffective in the long term.

scholarly journals Vasyl Domanytskyi’s Participation in Work of “Vik” Publishing House

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Bohdan Tsymbal
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Terminus Post Quem ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Printed Sources

The paper explores the initial activity of Kyiv publishing house “Vik” and Vasyl Domanytsky’s participation in its work. The history of the publishing house has not been properly studied yet. The vast majority of sources used by the scholars contain many inconsistencies, and the existing research works don’t pay attention to the causes of the differences, but rather exacerbate the problem due to uncritical attitude to the sources. The author, therefore, focuses on three issues: 1) the time when the publishing house was founded; 2) its employees; 3) Domanytskyi’s participation in its work. Researchers date the origins of the publishing house differently, within a wide period of 1894–1897. Most of them rely on a limited range of printed sources that may contain some mistakes. Based on the crossed analysis of the ‘main’ (popular) sources with the involvement of those less popular among specialists, the author identified the causes of differences in the works of the scholars and made an attempt to explain the causes of such inaccuracies. The new archival materials not only confirmed the results of studying the printed sources but also helped to establish the earliest documented date directly related to the work of the publishing house. This date may be reasonably taken as a starting point of its history. Studying the archival documents of the censorship department allows making some assumptions about the staff of the publishing house, which although remains insufficiently studied. The list of personalities is still limited to the five most famous members of the publishing circle. The findings also help to clarify the terminus post quem of Vasyl Domanytskyi’s involvement in the work of the publishing house. The results obtained are important not only for the further study of the history of Ukrainian book printing but also for highlighting the relationship of publishers with the censorship in the Russian Empire and the work of the Kyiv “Moloda Hromada” circle. The paper explores the initial activity of Kyiv publishing house “Vik” and Vasyl Domanytsky’s participation in its work. The history of the publishing house has not been properly studied yet. The vast majority of sources used by the scholars contain many inconsistencies, and the existing research works don’t pay attention to the causes of the differences, but rather exacerbate the problem due to uncritical attitude to the sources. The author, therefore, focuses on three issues: 1) the time when the publishing house was founded; 2) its employees; 3) Domanytskyi’s participation in its work. Researchers date the origins of the publishing house differently, within a wide period of 1894–1897. Most of them rely on a limited range of printed sources that may contain some mistakes. Based on the crossed analysis of the ‘main’ (popular) sources with the involvement of those less popular among specialists, the author identified the causes of differences in the works of the scholars and made an attempt to explain the causes of such inaccuracies. The new archival materials not only confirmed the results of studying the printed sources but also helped to establish the earliest documented date directly related to the work of the publishing house. This date may be reasonably taken as a starting point of its history. Studying the archival documents of the censorship department allows making some assumptions about the staff of the publishing house, which although remains insufficiently studied. The list of personalities is still limited to the five most famous members of the publishing circle. The findings also help to clarify the terminus post quem of Vasyl Domanytskyi’s involvement in the work of the publishing house. The results obtained are important not only for the further study of the history of Ukrainian book printing but also for highlighting the relationship of publishers with the censorship in the Russian Empire and the work of the Kyiv “Moloda Hromada” circle.

Publishing and book sales in Turkestan

Infolib ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Sanobar Shodmonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Book Sales ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Printing House

The article introduces the history of the origin of publishing and printing activities in the Turkestan Territory. It is preceded by information that before the formation of the first printing houses on the territory of the region, books were mainly distributed by calligraphers through rewriting. And since this work was of a long-term nature, accordingly the prices for the books were considerable.Comparing with the beginning of the introduction of the first technical means, the author notes that publishing and printing activities in the region began to gradually develop in the 60s of the XIX century. Until that time, books printed in lithographic format were mainly imported. The first printing house during the period of the Russian Empire opened in 1723 in Astrakhan. But in Tashkent only by the beginning of the XX century. there were 5 printing houses in the new part and two lithographs in the old town part.

Surveying the History of Rossini’s Russian Contacts: the Composer’s Autographs in the St. Petersburg and Moscow Archives 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Логунова
Keyword(s):  
Main Attention ◽  
National Library ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

Статья продолжает тему, начатую документальной публикацией автора в журнале Opera musicologica № 4 (42) / 2019, и освещает малоизвестные факты из истории взаимоотношений Россини с подданными Российской империи в период с 1817 по 1865 год. Источниками информации послужили материалы из следующих хранилищ: Российский государственный исторический архив, Российская национальная библиотека, Государственный архив Российской Федерации, Российский национальный музей музыки, Санкт-Петербургский государственный музей театрального и музыкального искусства, Российский государственный архив литературы и искусства. В статье подробно комментируются два письма Россини к И. М. Толстому, придворному из окружения Александра II, свидетельствующие о продолжительных дружеских отношениях композитора с влиятельным российским чиновником. Среди рекомендательных писем Россини особенно интересны послания 1860 года — к Т. Рикорди и Дж. Боноле, в которых идет речь о молодом русском певце, будущем режиссере А. Д. Гарфильд-Дмитриеве. Представленные в настоящей статье документы — шесть писем и музыкальный автограф для альбома М. Я. Раппапорта — не только открывают новую страницу в истории русских контактов Россини, но содержат малоизученные факты, касающиеся биографии композитора и его итальянских связей. Большинство автографов публикуются впервые. The article continues the documentary publication in the Opera musicologica, no. 4 (2019) and deals with unknown facts from the history of relations between Rossini and subjects of the Russian Empire on the basis of the materials from the Russian State Historical Archive, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian National Museum of Music, the National Library of Russia, the St. Petersburg State Museum of Theatre and Music, the Russian State Literature and Arts Archive. The main attention is paid to letters by Rossini to Ivan M. Tolstoy, testifying to the composer’s long-term friendly relations with the influential Russian official from the entourage of Alexander II. Among Rossini’s letters of recommendation, messages to Tito Ricordi and Giovanni Bonola about a Russian singer Aleksandr Dmitriev are of particular interest. Six letters and a musical autograph presented in this article not only open a new page in the history of Rossini’s Russian contacts, but also contain little-studied facts concerning the composer’s biography and his Italian connections. Most autographs are published for the first time.

scholarly journals Education Reform and the Normalisation of Private Education in Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Marjan Šimenc
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Private Education ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Guiding Principles

This article examines the long-term effects of the regulation of private education adopted in the course of the education reform in 1996 and the sustainability of the guiding principles that served as the starting point for this regulation. It reviews the guiding principles of the introduction of private education, the goals of the reform laid down in the White Paper in 1995 and the regulations introduced on the basis of these tenets. It follows up on the ‘life’ of the legal solutions and the history of (attempted) amendments of the legislation, which generally start in the Slovenian Parliament and then proceed all the way to the Constitutional Court. The article also examines the effects of the adopted regulation: how the private education sector has established itself and what kind of relationship it has developed vis-a-vis public education. The second part of the article explores certain developments in the field of education in Slovenia and on the global scale, using them as the basis for assessing the sustainability of the goals that guided the education reform. The thesis proposed by the article is that it is the normalisation of private education in Slovenia should be considered the main achievement of the education reform.  

scholarly journals First sources of the history of Kazakh-Turkish relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
D.R. Aitmagambetov ◽  
◽  
М. Giritlioglu ◽  
H.M. Tursun ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
World History ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

The researches of Turkic history were formed within the framework of world historical thought. It should be noted that Turkish civilization had its own peculiarities when the predominance of Eurocentrism concepts is taken into consideration while structuring world history content. The purpose of such study is not to distinguish Turkic history from world history, but to focus on the true history content of the Turkic peoples formed in it. The main goal of this paper is to determine the historical background of Kazakh-Turkish political and cultural ties. The scientific importance of the data bases of kinship relations, which began in the Middle Ages, has special significance in determining the direction of modern Kazakh-Turkish relations formed during independence years. It is known that the Republic of Turkey is one of the countries with which the Republic of Kazakhstan has established the closest integration during independence years. This paper analyzes the sources of early history of Kazakh-Turkish relations. Conclusions were drawn analyzing the archival data about historical background of friendship and strategic partnership between two countries. One of the important terms for the scientific reconsideration of the history of Kazakh-Turkish political and cultural relations is the value of scientific sources complex. Sources containing scientific, objective information and data are the main means of interpreting historical events and phenomena, as well as restoring the content of history. At present time, evidence of Kazakh-Turkish relations has been found in the archives of Turkey and is being submitted for scientific circulation. It requires thematic, chronological and genre grouping of data. Among these sources there are archival and diplomatic documents on the subject, the Kazakh Khanate in chronology, the genre between the Kazakh Khanate and the Ottoman Empire. After all, these data obtain scientific significance as a starting point for Kazakh-Turkish political and cultural ties. The embassy of Kaiyp Khan Taukeuly to Ottoman Sultan Akhmet III is the basis of modern political relations between these two countries. This paper analyzes the fact that this first diplomatic relationship was followed by Kazakh-Turkish political ties. Evidence suggests that during the disintegration of the Kazakh Khanate and the modernization of the Russian Empire, the colonial power continued to disrupt relations between two countries. In particular, this connection continued in the religious-spiritual and cultural-educational directions through the informal political, religious-educational activities of individual historical figures. The article analyzes a number of archival and press data and presents them for scientific circulation

Between Marginalization, Demonization, and Nostalgia

2005 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Marcin Wodziński
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
East European ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
General Studies

This concluding chapter explains that the development of the attitude of the Haskalah to hasidism in the Congress Kingdom is important to understanding the history of Jewish society, not only in this part of Poland but in the whole of eastern Europe. The example of the Kingdom of Poland demonstrates that the struggle with the hasidic movement was not an obsession inherent to the entire east European Haskalah and an essential element of its ideology, but rather that it was the result of a confluence of many factors of an ideological and social, internal and external, nature. The breakthrough in attitudes towards hasidism associated with Eliezer Zweifel's views advocating reconciliation with the hasidic movement gains a completely new meaning in the context of similar declarations by Polish integrationists in the early 1860s. However, the significance of this breakthrough lies not so much in where it first occurred historically as in its usefulness as an analogy from which to draw lessons about the wider process taking place in modernizing Jewish circles in the Russian empire and the Kingdom of Poland. The similarities and differences in attitudes towards hasidism may be treated as a convenient starting point for more general studies of the Haskalah and hasidism in eastern Europe, the factors shaping them, and the characteristics that resulted from them. The chapter then summarises this book's findings.

The philosophical dimension

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-76
Author(s):  
Tom L. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides an understanding of philosophical ethics sufficient as background reading for various other chapters and sufficient to appreciate the relevance of philosophical analysis for psychiatric ethics. Philosophical reflection is not by itself an adequate basis for professional ethics, but it does stand to facilitate impartial examination of assumptions commonly made in psychiatry. Also treated are problems of moral justification, classical ethical theories as found in the history of philosophy in utilitarian theories and Kantian theories, and alternatives to the classical theories in recent philosophy including virtue theories, the ethics of care, and casuistry. The chapter also presents the framework of moral principles for biomedical ethics in the theory often called principlism. The four basic principles constituting this framework are the principles of respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. These principles are suitable for both clinical ethics and research ethics. This chapter also discusses how principles provide a starting point for moral judgment and policy evaluation, but do not treat the subtleties of moral problems and ways in which the principles can and should be specified to address particular problems such as moral dilemmas of confidentiality as encountered in medical practice and research. Accordingly the chapter treats problems of the specification of principles and how principles can be overridden by other moral principles when they conflict. Finally, the chapter includes a discussion of the nature of a professional morality for psychiatry with standards that should be acknowledged by all in the profession.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Matilda Greig
Keyword(s):  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Peninsular War ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Memoirs ◽  
Soldier's Tale ◽  
The Military

The Peninsular War (1808–1814) was one of the most colourful and brutal campaigns of the Napoleonic period. It prompted hundreds of veterans from the armies of the participating countries (Spain, Portugal, Britain, and France) to write and publish autobiographies about their experiences. These war memoirs are well-known to historians as rich and compelling sources, but relying on them for direct eyewitness testimony about the experience of war poses significant methodological problems. Military memoirs, including those from the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, tend to be written in hindsight and shaped to an unknown extent by selective or traumatised memory. They may be unrepresentative of the majority of experiences, written in very different styles and formats, published immediately after the war, or only made public decades after the author’s death. Taking these challenges as a starting point, this introductory chapter lays out a new methodological framework for ‘what to do with war memoirs’, including considering closely the identities and motives of the authors, tracing the material histories of the books themselves, and employing a comparative, transnational approach to the history of the military memoir genre. It also summarises the relevant historiography, emphasising the lack of attention so far given to Spanish and Portuguese wartime autobiography, and the long-term importance of Peninsular War memoirs as a precedent for the twentieth-century ‘soldier’s tale’.

scholarly journals „Banking Encyclopedia” as a source on the history of stock exchange business in Ukraine in the late nineteenth – early XX century

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Oleksii Altukhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Of Affairs

The article considers and analyzes the informational significance of the leading economic specialized publication of the late XIX – early XX centuries. „Banking Encyclopedia”. It is noted that in 1917 the second volume of this work, fundamental at that time in the field of economics, was published in Kyiv, which was entirely devoted to the study of stock exchange business in the leading countries, the Russian Empire and the Ukrainian lands. The co-authors of the work were leading contemporary economists and lawyers, in particular A. N. Antsiferov, G. V. Afanasyev, H. A. Baranovsky, M. N. Bogolepov, E. V. Vanshtein, I. M. Goldstein, N. S. Dobrokhotov, V. Ya. Zheleznov, A. M. Lazarev, D. N. Levin, E. S. Lurie, P. P. Migulin, N. D. Silin, P. B. Struve, M. P. Tugan-Baranovsky and others. Among the aspects considered were, in particular, the activities of the leading stock exchange institutions of Dnieper Ukraine: in Odessa, in Kyiv, in Kharkiv. Leading economist, professor of the Kyiv Commercial Institute, long-term deputy of the State Duma Leonid Mykolayovych Yasnopolsky became the editor-in-chief of the publication. Analyzing the scientific works collected in the Second Volume of the Banking Encyclopedia of 1917, the author of the article came to the conclusion that they make it possible to trace the state of affairs in the development of the stock market in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, one can trace the state policy towards these financial institutions, which in many respects slowed down the development of the stock market, both in Ukraine and in the Russian Empire as a whole.

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