scholarly journals Topical Development Issues the State Automated System of the Russian Federation “Elections”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
Evgeny Pakulov ◽  
Sergey Ovanesyan

The article examined the role of the State Automated System of the Russian Federation «Elections» in ensuring the active citizen participation in the election process. We analyzed the prerequisites for the reengineering of the State Automated System of the Russian Federation «Elections». The research determined the main approaches to the construction of models of the information system that ensure the electoral process. The authors analyzed the problems that arise when using the centralized database model. The study demonstrated the importance of providing election commissions located in hard-to-reach settlements with reliable communication channels. Solutions are proposed to reduce the negative consequences of the transition to a centralized database model by using local data caching on the web client side. The mechanism of local caching using the Service Worker API is considered. Various scenarios for using the Service Worker in the context of the electoral process, taking into account the category and importance of the data, were studied and demonstrated. The study analyzed the software employed by election commissions — the Sputnik browser for the possibility of using the proposed concept of local caching in it.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
L. V. AGARKOVA ◽  
◽  
V. V. AGARKOV ◽  
M. G. RUSETSKY ◽  
◽  
...  

In the context of the globalization of the world economy, the issue of ensuring the financial security of the state is a condition of its national security and acquires special significance. The article examines the indicators of financial security, establishes a system of precursors - indicators of the financial security of the state, allowing to predict the onset of negative consequences. the main indicators of the financial security of the Russian Federation were assessed.


Author(s):  
Ахмедан Аминович Саидов

Статья посвящена исследованию степени соответствия современной политики российского государства в сфере образования, процессов, происходящих в региональных университетах, политико-правовым основам многонациональной Российской Федерации, заложенным в Конституции, других важнейших документах, определяющих принципы её государственно-территориального устройства. Эти основы официально гарантируют российским народам и регионам всестороннее социокультурное, образовательное, научно-технологическое развитие. Целью работы является всесторонний анализ просчётов деятельности российского государства в образовательной сфере в постсоветский период, приведших к проблемам, не позволяющим региональным университетам сегодня решать возлагаемые на них обществом функции, а также поиск путей их решения. Процесс реализации данной цели определил следующие задачи: проанализировать степень соответствия постсоветской политики российского государства в образовательной сфере провозглашённым политико-правовым основам государственного устройства РФ, гарантиям социокультурного развития российских народов; выявить взаимосвязь результатов современных реформ в системе высшего образования с объективными функциями региональных университетов РФ; раскрыть позитивный потенциал региональных университетов в решении социально-экономических, социокультурных проблем регионов и народов РФ, сохранении и укреплении её евразийской цивилизационной сущности; исследовать негативные последствия постсоветских реформ, отразившихся на состояние дел в региональных университетах, наметить пути решения возникающих проблем; показать важность учёта этнокультурного компонента в системе образования многонациональной РФ, определяющего личностные и профессиональные качества подрастающих поколений, способствующего достижению межнационального согласия и стабильности в российском обществе. The paper is devoted to the study of the degree of compliance of the modern policy of the Russian state in the field of education, the processes taking place in regional universities with the political and legal foundations of the multinational Russian Federation, laid down in the Constitution, and other important documents that determine the principles of its state-territorial structure. These foundations officially guarantee the Russian peoples and regions comprehensive socio-cultural, educational, scientific and technological development. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the miscalculations of the activities of the Russian state in the educational sphere in the post-Soviet period, which led to problems that do not allow regional universities today to solve the functions assigned to them by society, as well as the search for ways to solve them. The process of implementing this goal defined the following tasks: to analyze the degree of compliance of the post-Soviet policy of the Russian state in the educational sphere with the proclaimed political and legal foundations of the state structure of the Russian Federation, guarantees of the socio-cultural development of Russian peoples; to identify the relationship of the results of modern reforms in the higher education system with the objective functions of regional universities of the Russian Federation; to unleash the positive potential of regional universities in solving the socio-economic, sociocultural problems of the regions and peoples of the Russian Federation, preserving and strengthening its Eurasian civilizational essence; investigate the negative consequences of post-Soviet reforms on the state of affairs in regional universities, outline ways to solve emerging problems; show the importance of taking into account the ethnocultural component in the education system of the multinational Russian Federation, which determines the personal and professional qualities of younger generations, which contributes to the achievement of interethnic harmony and stability in Russian society.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Konstantin Zhuribeda

This article describes the course of voting in federal elections (President of the Russian Federation, deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation) in the period from 1996 to 2018. The basics of organizing voting outside the Russian Federation and the procedure for registering foreign voters in electoral statistics are described. The study analyzed voting in federal elections in foreign countries with more than 500 voters in key political forces that participated in the elections to the State Duma in 1999-2016 and candidates for the office of President of the Russian Federation in the 1996-2018 elections (party in power, communists, liberals, LDPR, etc.). The sample includes countries on virtually every continent of the globe. Information on the ownership of foreign sites by specific countries is taken from the relevant decisions of the Central Election Commission. Unfortunately, the authors have only incomplete data on voting in the 1990s (there is no information at all for voting in foreign polling stations in the 1995 State Duma elections, for the 1996 presidential elections there is information only about voting in the countries of the former USSR, for elections to the State Duma in 1999 there is only fragmentary information from foreign sites). Since 2003, data on voting has been published in full due to the introduction of the State Automated System “Vybory” (GAS “Vybory”).


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
V G Baev ◽  
I A Kalinina

The purpose of this article is to study the possibilities of public-private partnership in the in realization of environmental policy of the Russian Federation and the Concept of sustainable development. Authors consider that the Russian government should be solving in the process of development of the Russian economy problems of ecology (providing the favorable environment; decrease in anthropogenous load of the environment; increase in efficiency of use of energy resources; correction of negative consequences of resource-intensive industrial development). The public-private partnership is investigated as special legal institute and as a form of interaction between government and business. The potential of public-private partnership in solving problems in the sphere of ecology is studied in these planes.Public-private partnership is studied in various aspects: form of investment in environmental protection; mechanism of achievement of ecological interests of the state and society; a way of stimulation of introduction in economy of innovations which are capable to provide interests of ecosystems.Authors support adoption of the comprehensive and integrated programmatic law which will provide a triad of interests: investments - innovations - ecology. The analysis of legal base of public-private partnership and programmatic laws on sustainable development of the Russian Federation has allowed to draw a conclusion on absence between them direct connection. This has a negative impact on the implementation possibilities of state-private partnership to overcome the environmental crisis. Authors offer changes in the legislation for elimination of this inconsistency. They define the problems of public initiative and public oversight in public-private partnership in the field of ecology.Authors approve need of creation of mechanisms of public control for this sphere.


2001 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
T. B. Dmitrieva

The goal of the state social policy in relation to the situation of children in the Russian Federation is to overcome the negative trends caused by the influence of economic and political factors, to stabilize the situation in protecting the health of the younger generation and to create real conditions for consolidating positive dynamics in the life support of children. The reaction of society and the state mainly to negative consequences in the children's environment is suboptimal and ineffective. The need arose to define new conceptual approaches to protecting the health and development of children.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
E. E. Rumyantseva

This article describes the various approaches to the analysis of the current situation and the justification of the further development prospects of the Russian industry represented at the round table on June 21,2018 inthe State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on a subject: «Legislative providing industrial policy of the Russian Federation: technologies, innovations, investments». Attention had also been drawn to issues requiring the globalization, the industrial development inequality of the countries of the world and the Russian regions, the dependences of economic growth on the state of the knowledge economy, the industrial and monetary and credit policy interrelations, the changes in the system of the state regulation of the Russian industry, the business moods, the technological updating results of the industrial enterprises, the features of the investment projects financing in Russia and in industrialized countries, the prospects of the introduction in Russia of the digital technologies of the industrial production management. Among offers of the situation significant improvement there are: the providing for the economic relations participants of the equal competitive opportunities; the completion of the Federal law «About Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation», the involvement in the economy of free money, the updating on the basis of the problems settlement with the financing of the enterprises of the fixed assets, the selective development of the import substitution, the distribution of the positive experience of the successful industrial companies. The author points to a need of the involvement in the discussion and the other important questions concerning the comprehensive analysis of the reasons of the serious lag of the Russian enterprises from the enterprises of the industrialized countries generating the negative consequences; the labor productivity at the industrial enterprises of the different countries of the world and factors of its growth; the influences of the developed bureaucracy, the administrative barriers, the corruption on a situation in the various industries, the applications of the concept of the economical production, the energy productivity and a resource conservation, etc.


Author(s):  
Е.Е. НОЕВА

Налоги являются основным источником бюджетных доходов. Соответственно, от эффективности организации налоговой системы, представляющей собой совокупность установленных налогов и сборов, мер по обеспечению их уплаты, форм налогового контроля и т.д., зависит обеспеченность государства ресурсами, необходимыми для реализации его функций. В данной работе рассматриваются показатели, характеризующие уровень налогообложения в РФ и его изменение за период с 2016 по 2020 г., в том числе под влиянием кризиса, вызванного пандемией. Результаты исследования показали, что уровень налогообложения в России хоть и незначительно, но постоянно рос в течение рассматриваемого периода, вплоть до начала пандемии. На изменение показателя, в первую очередь, повлияло увеличение налоговых изъятий в бюджет в сочетании с уменьшением числа занятых, являющихся основными плательщиками налогов в рамках данной системы оценки. Темп роста показателя среднедушевой налоговой квоты опережает темп роста среднедушевой квоты валового внутреннего продукта (далее – ВВП). Кроме того, отмечено увеличение показателя налогоемкости ВВП. Согласно классификации налоговых систем по уровню налоговой нагрузки, сегодня Россия относится к категории стран с умеренно-фискальной налоговой системой. Таким образом, уровень налоговой нагрузки на экономику и население в РФ можно назвать умеренным, хотя и с тенденцией к увеличению. Повышение уровня налогообложения увеличивает объем налоговых доходов, однако, со временем может привести к негативным последствиям. Дальнейшая реализация бюджетно-налоговой политики в данном направлении потребует соблюдения баланса интересов государства и налогоплательщиков при разработке приоритетов налогового регулирования. Taxes are the main source of budget revenues. Accordingly, the provision of the state with the resources necessary for the implementation of its functions depends on the efficiency of the organization of the tax system, which is a set of established taxes and fees, measures to ensure their payment, forms of tax control, etc. This paper examines the indicators characterizing the level of taxation in the Russian Federation and its change over the period from 2016 to 2020, including under the influence of the crisis caused by the pandemic. The results of the study showed that the level of taxation in Russia, albeit insignificantly, but constantly was growing during the period under review, right up to the start of the pandemic. The change in the indicator, first of all, was influenced by an increase in tax withdrawals to the budget, combined with a decrease in the number of employed, who are the main payers of taxes within the framework of this assessment system. The growth rate of the average per capita tax quota exceeds the growth rate of the per capita GDP quota. In addition, an increase in the rate of tax intensity of GDP was noted. According to the classification of tax systems by the level of tax burden, today Russia belongs to the category of countries with a moderate fiscal tax system. Thus, the level of tax burden on the economy and population in the Russian Federation can be called moderate, although with a tendency to increase. Raising the level of taxation increases the volume of tax revenues, however, over time, it can lead to negative consequences. Further implementation of fiscal policy in this direction will require maintaining a balance of interests of the state and taxpayers when developing priorities for tax regulation.


Author(s):  
S. A. Zaporozhets

The article is devoted to the study of information security of Ukraine in the conditions of hybrid war, confrontation of hybrid threats from the Russian Federation, as well as priority directions for the effective provision of information security in our country. The analysis of this problem shows that the current state of Ukraine's information security system is characterized by an increase in existing threats, and on the other hand by the emergence of new challenges. Technological innovation processes, information breakthroughs, globalization of the world and tendencies of regional integration, along with providing enormous opportunities for the country's progressive development, have many negative consequences. One of the consequences has been the intensification of hybrid warfare between world countries, including against Ukraine. States' capacity to conduct information and information-psychological operations, to increase the sensitivity of society to the death of civilians and to the loss of military personnel in military conflicts are increasing. In the current conditions of globalization, the technological basis of which is the global information and telecommunication networks and a single information space, there is a tendency to change the principles and methods of management, including in military affairs. The ability of information to influence people's worldview and moods gives them the opportunity to gain an advantage over an adversary without engaging in a forceful confrontation with him. In fact, the correct method of working with information has become a new way of conducting an armed struggle, namely a hybrid war. In this regard, the leading countries of the world are undergoing a gradual transformation of approaches to the formulation of military policy of the state, which are practically embodied in ensuring the information security of the state in the conditions of hybrid war. The full-scale information war of Russia against our state has demonstrated the importance of ensuring information security as one of the main components of national security. In view of the above, the state and military authorities of the country were tasked with developing effective measures to neutralize the negative information impact of the Russian Federation and counteract its further deployment. The article also analyzes well-known approaches to improving the effectiveness of state response to national security threats in the information sphere in the context of the current armed conflict in eastern Ukraine. It is established that in order to achieve the appropriate level of information security it is necessary to create a single state mechanism for ensuring information security. A method for solving problems arising in this field is proposed.


Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
N. A. Morozova

The paper analyzes the negative legal consequences associated with the fact of bringing to administrative responsibility and circumstances occurring after the end of the execution of the sentence. These consequences are established not only by the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, but also by many other laws. They differ among themselves in the content and duration of the periods during which they arise and continue. Based on this, the author concludes that it is necessary to introduce a concept similar to the concept of "conviction" in criminal law into the legislation on administrative offenses, and talk about the "state of administrative punishment" that should be understood as a special legal status of a person brought to administrative responsibility, characterized by the possibility of the imposition of a more severe punishment in the event of a repeated offense and the application of other negative measures. Under the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, the term of administrative punishment is one year, i.e. any negative consequences of being brought to administrative responsibility can take place within a year after the end of the execution of the sentence, including the possibility of imposing a more severe punishment for the repeated offense, recording the information about the facts of bringing to responsibility during employment, disseminating information about the fact of committing an offense. After the expiry of the term of administrative punishment, the person should be considered not previously brought to administrative responsibility. After that term no negative consequences associated with this fact can take place. As in criminal law, the term of administrative punishment can differentiate depending on the gravety of the offense or the type of punishment imposed. The mechanism is provided for the early termination of the state of administrative punishment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Andrey P. Demin

The subject. The legal institution of legal responsibility in electoral process in general as well as its basic subtypes: constitutional, criminal and administrative responsibility. The purpose of the article is to identify the main kinds of legal responsibility in the electoral process. Methodology. The author uses such general theoretical and specific scientific methods as comparative analysis, generalization, interpretation and classification as well as systemic analysis and formal logical methods. The main results of the research. The author takes into account the opinions of academic lawyers and analyzes the legal institution of legal responsibility in electoral process in general. The author considers and examines the classification of constitutional, criminal and administrative responsibility in the electoral process, reveals and analyzes the essence of such fundamental concepts as legal responsibility, kinds of legal responsibility, electoral rights of citizens. The article describes the special and distinguishing characteristics of different kinds of legal responsibility. The author also gives reasons for the necessity of a special set of state coercive measures in order to make the electoral process transparent. As far as the Russian Federation law “On elections and referenda” does not contain any specific measures of legal responsibility and has references to other laws, the author sees it important to fill this gap for future codification of electoral legislation. Constitutional legal responsibility is peculiar in electoral process. It means that responsibility is realized in procedural form, which is enshrined not only in Federal laws, but in subordinate laws, such as instructions of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. Legal liability in the electoral process has the following characteristics: it is expressed in the obligation to undergo measures of state enforcement; its basis is the violation of material and procedural norms of the electoral law; it is associated with various kinds of unavoidable negative consequences; the guilty person will be subjected to restriction of personal and other property rights; the offender is charged with the obligation to restore the violated right or compensation for damage.


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