scholarly journals Theorising the Image as Act: Reading the Social and Political in Images of the Rural Eastern Cape

Kronos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Steele
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Hierarchies ◽  
Social Acts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACT Certain anthropological narratives of South Africa's Eastern Cape province, such as Monica Hunter's 1936 Reaction to Conquest and Philip Mayer's 1963 Townsmen or Tribesmen, persist as potent referential 'bodies of knowledge'. By laying down the coordinates of Black rural and urban experience, such studies continue to animate concepts of tradition and modernity, effectively conjuring up notions of 'the border', both literally and metaphorically. Encountering Pauline Ingle's photographic collection amidst these circuits of knowledge and ways of seeing is to recognise that it is both unusual and exceptional. It is a collection of over 4000 images that are not only located in a rural area but also covers a sustained time period, corresponding to the period of formal apartheid. The concept of the rural is amplified in the collection, positioning it as a site of development, as the 'not yet modern', in which subjects are figured both in class hierarchies and in relation to Daniel Morolong's urban photographs in and around East London in the 1950s. Employing the theory of social acts enables a re-contemplation of the subject, and a reading of the social that suggests a set of possibilities and futures beyond what currently constitutes the rural and the urban; and upturns the disciplinary optics that condition the predominating ethnographies and historiographies of the Eastern Cape.

scholarly journals Identifying anthropogenic threats to Cape Vultures Gyps coprotheres using community perceptions in communal farmland, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORGAN B. PFEIFFER ◽  
JAN A. VENTER ◽  
COLLEEN T. DOWNS
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulture Conservation ◽  
Livestock Ownership ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

SummaryDeclines in Old World vulture populations have been linked to anthropogenic pressures. To assess these threats, the social dimensions of vulture conservation must be explored. Prior research in Africa focused on commercial farmers’ perceptions of vultures and identified that small stock farmers used poison more than large stock farmers to deter livestock predators. However, the vulnerable Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres breeds throughout communal farmland in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Consequently, community interviews were conducted within the foraging range of the Msikaba Cape Vulture colony, separating regions according to the amount of transformed land. Residents in the least transformed land region perceived the smallest reductions in livestock ownership over the past ten years, while residents of the moderately transformed region perceived the greatest reductions in livestock ownership. Livestock carcasses were reported to be available for vultures at ‘informal vulture restaurants’. Arrangement of livestock carcasses was found to be independent of land use; however type of carcass consumed varied. None of the respondents stated they used poison to eliminate livestock predators. More respondents cited illegal poaching of vultures for traditional medicine as a threat, although the majority stated that vultures benefited the community.

Distribution, life history, host specificity and suitability of an undescribed Chrysolina species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Compositae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Adair ◽  
J. K. Scott
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Site Location ◽  
A Site

AbstractIn host specificity tests using 81 plant species from 27 families, an undescribed Chrysolina sp. completed its development only on Chrysanthemoides monilifera, a serious weed of native vegetation in Australia. Minor exploratory feeding, mostly by adults, occurred on 35 plant species. The Chrysolina sp. is restricted to the eastern Cape Province of South Africa where it occurs on Chrysanthemoides m. pisifera, a subspecies not yet recorded in Australia. Chrysanthemoides m. monilifera and C. m. rotundata, both naturalized in Australia, were accepted as hosts by Chrysolina sp., but adult emergence was lower on the latter subspecies. A climate comparison between a site location for Chrysolina sp. and stations within the Australian distribution of Chrysanthemoides monilifera has identified potential release sites that may be suitable for the insect. Chrysolina sp. was approved for release in Australia in 1989 and releases were initiated in 1990.

scholarly journals Model for Knowledge Management with the Ontological Approach in Social Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Nancy Edith Ochoa Guevara ◽  
Javier Augusto Ríos Suarez ◽  
Helio Henry Ramírez Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Ontological Approach ◽  
Functional Scheme ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Site ◽  
The University

The article shows the results of the structure of collective knowledge management (CKM), defined from the concept of research management of research groups in the university with the use of a semantic algorithm. The process begins with the creation of a site in the social network facebook with the subject of the investigative management in the university. Through a structure of dimension given by profile, role, category and subcategory making direct connection with a relational database called MySQL. Through the application of metadata and algorithm is expected to obtain the lessons learned from these groups during the development of their projects. The result is the proposal of a functional scheme that allows the design and creation of a collective knowledge management model as support for university research.   Keywords: Knowledge management, Collective knowledge, Knowledge model, Scientific Production

scholarly journals CHANGING PARADIGMS IN ART AND DESIGN AS A CONSUMPTION OBJECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-489
Author(s):  
Ekin Su KUZU ◽  
Ata Yakup KAPTAN
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Masses

In this research, the paradigms changing with globalization on the consumer society, capitalism and information systems; it aims to examined through art and design as a consumption object / commodity. In the research, as a tool of the consumer society, new theories and searches that emerged with the globalization process will be presented in terms of their reflections on art and design. Art and design as a consumption object, consumer behavior, cultural formation, populism, branding etc. observed that it evolves continuously with such concepts. The concept of value that creates this motion, it is shaped around the society in the tendency to commodify. From this perspective; the main problem of the research, is the understanding of Art/ Design as a consumption object, it is shaping by changing paradigms in the social process. As a result, the determination of cultural and social norms in the formation of the consumer society seems to be very important in terms of access to the masses. In this context, to be shape or object of the time period we live in, so how to commodify, it varies according to the formation of paradigms in the process. The research, presented to the subject from this perspective, theoretically it is predicted to contribute to the literature to a great extent.

scholarly journals The built memory: presenting the colonization villages in Spain by the newsreel of State NO-DO.

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 10001
Author(s):  
Josefina González Cubero ◽  
Alba Zarza Arribas
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
The Political ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tagus Valley

The newsreel of State used to show to Spanish society a determined image of architecture, conditioned by the political needs of Franco’s Regime. In this case, the subject of the cinematographic image of villages of colonization of the Tagus valley as presented by the NO-DO newsreel (Noticiarios y Documentales Cinematográficos) is studied. NO-DO was originally created as a propaganda tool and an instrument for the diffusion of “specially relevant” news from that time period. The analysis of the architecture built by the National Institute of Colonization (INC) and showed in different editions of the newsreel allowed us to understand the ideological approach made by the Regime to the Spanish countryside, through the model of colonization of the territory, and how building was used as propaganda. The urban model proposed was defined by civic centres –usually square-shaped-, and church towers as urban milestones set in the landscape. For this reason, politic demonstrations in the representative public spaces of villages, through the delivering of houses and rural property to settlers, incorporated the context and living conditions in which new villages were built. At the same time, the visits to irrigation farms, new irrigation canals, and hydraulic and hydroelectric infrastructures exemplify the agrarian and irrigation policies during the autarchy, whereas in the next decades, and because of the economic and social development of the countryside, news about reservoirs were just referred to sports and leisure activities. Therefore, these cinematographic images of buildings, irrigation policies and the modernization of rural landscape presented in cinemas through the NO-DO newsreel are relevant, since they build a collective memoryof the architecture and engineering of that time. They also document the social, politic and economic role that the creation of Spanish villages of colonization at river basins had, specifically in one of the biggest rivers, the Tagus.

Features of Graduate Underemployment in South Africa : A Study in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-191
Author(s):  
Cwenga Mayekiso ◽  
Emeka E. Obioha
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Basic Salary

This paper articulates the patterns and feel of graduate underemployment in Mthatha, a South African town in the Eastern Cape Province. Foregrounded on Peter Blua’s Social Exchange Theory, this study adopted a quantitative approach. A sample of 60 respondents was drawn from underemployed graduate population through a combination of stratified and random sampling techniques. Data collected from survey (questionnaire) were analysed with appropriate tools in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The study found that majority of underemployed graduates are between 21 and 25 years of age, married, hold bachelor’s degrees in Social Sciences. Gender, qualification type and level of qualification have no significant influence on determining underemployed graduates’ choice of occupation as single and combined variables or factors. While only very few (5%) of the underemployed graduates are never happy at work, femaleness, older graduates, Africans, higher qualification, higher basic salary and longer years of underemployment best predict happiness at work, although not at significant level, except for basic salary. A majority of graduates (73.3%) do sometimes consider leaving their current jobs, even when there are no alternatives. This is influenced by maleness, older graduates, being Whites, higher qualification, lower basic salary and lower years of underemployment. Lack of networking was found to be the most important factor in graduate underemployment, followed by lack of experience and gender not being significant. This study recommends policy intervention by state, where there is legislation that provides for entry level jobs that may not require previous experience. Also, there should be another legislation that protects the underemployed through salary regulation and incentivising of employers that engage workers in such capacity.

scholarly journals Interview records of Ukrainian Humanitarian Intellectuals in 1920–1930s found in the archive-investigation cases: analysis and interpretation

2018 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Oleksander Bon
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Charge

This article analyses the important documents on repression of the Ukrainian humanitarian intellectuals in 1920-1930s. A very sophisticated source of research, archive-investigation cases of the repressed, is analysed. The investigation cases of Yevheniia Spaska, Fedor Kozubovskyi, Mykhailo Kozoris reflect how important the interview records of Ukrainian humanitarians were for framing up cases. The article examines the ways in which historical facts can be proved being authentic. Because the records of the interviews were used for terror, there is a problem of identifying the authenticity of an information in those records. It is defined that the extent of probability that some events happened in reality depends on the time period. At times of the highest activity of repressive activities the credibility of facts decline significantly as the cases could not be investigated properly and because of significant falsification. The probability of some facts truthfulness rises when they do not relate to the essence of the case, for instance, Yevhenia Spaska mentioned about her brothers who had been fighting for the White Movement and immigrated thereafter. If the subject of a charge does not respond to the social estate of the defendant, the facts have been falsified. The archaeologist Fedir Kozubovskyi was charged with a participation in a terroristic organisation. To determine credibility of the information in the records of the interviews the other cases on rehabilitation are used. Mykhailo Kozoris’ case is a striking example on illegal ways of evidence collection in times of rehabilitation. Those materials, which were lacking for one case, were falsified as obtained in other cases.

scholarly journals Exploring ubuntu discourse in South Africa: Loss, liminality and hope

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John L.B. Eliastam
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Discursive Leadership ◽  
Core Elements

This article explores the current state of the social value of ubuntu. The notion of ubuntu seems to offer possibilities for nation building and social cohesion in post-Apartheid South Africa.However, this is contested by scholars who argue that the concept is vague and open to abuse.Interviews reveal that, whilst core elements remain, the meaning of ubuntu has been eroded,and is subject to distortion and even abuse. Ubuntu exists tightly interwoven with un-ubuntu. The notion of liminality is introduced to understand the current state of both ubuntu and South African society in transition. A liminal space offers possibilities for the creative re-imaginingand recovery of ubuntu as a social value that can drive social transformation in South Africa.The lens of discursive leadership offers insight into the ways in which leaders can stimulate and shape ubuntu discourse and facilitate the construction of new meaning in society.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article forms part of broader research into perceptions of difference and threat, and prejudice on the part of South Africans towards foreigners. Ubuntu is a social value that should challenge prejudice and xenophobia and shape social relationships. Research in a rural and urban context in the Eastern Cape suggests that ubuntu discourse has been eroded and is in need of reinvigoration.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATİONS ON NORTH AFRİCAN SOCİETİES "SOCİALLY, CULTURALLY, COMMUNİCATİON, HİSTORİCALLY AND ECONOMİCALLY"

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Khaled A. TUMİ
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
North African ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

study presents five main approaches; In rooting of methodology for the subject of the study; Taking into consideration the analysis of the status of the transformations That has occurred to human life; Which are makes the human subject to a number of influences that compel him to search for alternatives necessary to overcome a certain situation, or aspiration to a better situation, so that he can meet the needs and get rid of the problems arising from the previous situation; Likewise same applies to the culture of dealing with the new situations as a condition in accepting the models of transformation and its image, except that transformations can't be isolated from the spatial and temporal influences, without the human and material factors in achieving it; nor can it relate to the side Limited aspects of the lives of nations and peoples without influence Other aspects; This is due to more than one reason. Therefore; its study requires familiarity with the various changes that contributed to shaping the transformation in one form or another. Whatever the reasons for the transformation and its interpretations, which are can be seen through the gains that are made or lost during the processes of change or transition from time period to another. furthermore; shows the importance of time in terms of its suitability for these transformations or not. Which making a good parallel to the nature of its results, and the implications of this on the social, cultural, communication, historical and economic realities. Keywords: Social, Cultural, Communication, Historical, Economic, Transformations, North Africa.

The Beggar as a Political Symbol: An Interactionist Reading of the Endurance of Anti-Begging Laws in India

Social Change ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004908572110125
Author(s):  
Sabina Yasmin Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Organised Crime ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Indian States ◽  
High Court ◽  
Chronic Poverty ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Symbol ◽  
Insight Into

In 2018, the Delhi High Court held that certain provisions of the state’s anti-begging law were unconstitutional. Nevertheless, such laws continue to operate in at least 20 other Indian states and union territories even today. Begging as a social phenomenon remains an under-researched subject within the social sciences, especially in India where the rare mention that the subject finds often gets subsumed within larger debates on chronic poverty or organised crime. This article begins by tracing the history of regulations around begging, followed by a discussion on the persistence of both begging and anti-begging laws prevalent today. By examining the justification underlying the criminalisation of begging, it contends that such an approach fails to provide insight into the lived experiences of individuals engaged in this activity. It therefore proposes that the analyses of begging in the Indian context adopt symbolic interactionism that lends its rich theoretical framework to enable an interpretation of the act as one that of agency; a survival strategy among those living on the margins of the neoliberal urban experience. In doing so, it posits a view of the beggar as a powerful political symbol with the potential to subvert and interrogate the rules of the game in a globalised world.

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