scholarly journals Using of tiny encryption algorithm in CAN-Bus communication

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jukl ◽  
J. Čupera
Keyword(s):  
Can Bus ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wiring Harness ◽  
Machine Operation ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Data Bus ◽  
Agricultural Tractor

The rising costs of agriculture machine operation force manufacturers to look for solutions that simplify the machine operation to its users and increase user comfort. However, this trend requires farm machinery to be equipped with electronic systems. Electronic control units do not receive only the information from its own sensors. Modern electronic systems communicate with each other via the data bus. The most common data bus in modern agricultural technology is the CAN-Bus (Controller Area Network). The most common standard used in modern machinery is SAE J1939 standard, which is commonly used for engine control systems. CAN-Bus in modern agricultural technology provides a considerable simplification of the wiring harness of the tractor. Standardized bus also opens the possibility of implementation of Plug & Play additional devices in agricultural tractor. This article is focused on the application of the encryption algorithm Tiny on the CAN-Bus, which is realistically applied to recognition of implement. This article aims to verify the suitability of encryption of Tiny algorithm for the CAN-Bus of 250 kbit/s. As the experiment demonstrated Tiny algorithm is suitable for data encrypting on the CAN-Bus.

scholarly journals The use of CAN-Bus messages of an agricultural tractor for monitoring its operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Čupera ◽  
P. Sedlák
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regression Functions ◽  
Data Bus ◽  
Agricultural Tractor

The development of electronic components in engine regulation leads to the possibility of obtaining a large amount of parameters of control processes. Nowadays, these data can be read in an easy way due to the properties of used networks. The data obtained from the data bus must be processed carefully; otherwise, there is a risk of erroneous results. The article presents the results of measurements performed on four tractors. We focused on comparing the fuel consumption of engines and the accuracy of flow measurement readings from the CAN-Bus of these tractors. Even the same engines may show considerable differences in fuel consumption, taken from the CAN-Bus. The maximum deviation of the measured values ranged up to around 40%. However, the value of about 41% was measured in the range of fuel consumption of around 10 kg/h, the error of that tractor at the consumption of about 40 kg/h fell to 1.5 kg/h. A significant difference occurred in the tractor with a 235 kW engine. The consumption in the range of 50 kg/h showed an error of 8.4 kg/h. An improvement of the results can be achieved using derived regression functions. Based on our experience with the measurement of other types of tractors, we know that a similar situation with the accuracy of CAN-Bus data is also an issue in other categories of vehicles.

scholarly journals A CAN-Bus Lightweight Authentication Scheme

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7069
Author(s):  
Jia-Ning Luo ◽  
Chang-Ming Wu ◽  
Ming-Hour Yang
Keyword(s):  
Can Bus ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Delay Guarantee ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Bus Safety ◽  
Lightweight Authentication

The design of the Controller Area Network (CAN bus) did not account for security issues and, consequently, attacks often use external mobile communication interfaces to conduct eavesdropping, replay, spoofing, and denial-of-service attacks on a CAN bus, posing a risk to driving safety. Numerous studies have proposed CAN bus safety improvement techniques that emphasize modifying the original CAN bus method of transmitting frames. These changes place additional computational burdens on electronic control units cause the CAN bus to lose the delay guarantee feature. Consequently, we proposed a method that solves these compatibility and security issues. Simple and efficient frame authentication algorithms were used to prevent spoofing and replay attacks. This method is compatible with both CAN bus and CAN-FD protocols and has a lower operand when compared with other methods.

Development of Field Control System of Automated Guided Vehicle Based on Wireless Local Area Network and CAN Bus

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 792-797
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhong Da Yu ◽  
Chen Xing Bao ◽  
Dong Xiang Shao
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Automated Guided Vehicle ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Control Units

In this paper, we realize a real-time communication based on wireless local area network (WIFI) and controller area network (CAN) bus and develop a distributed control system for an automated guided vehicle (AGV). The system consists of two levels: (1) communication between AGVs and main computer based on WIFI, (2) communicationg between control units of AGV based on CAN bus. A real-time operating system μC/OS-II was used to control time, which significantly reduces the time for program and improves development efficiency. Finally, a small-size distributed AGV controller is developed as the main control unit of AGV and a distributed I/O system is developed based on it.

Study and Design of CAN Bus Node Based on MC912D60A Microcontroller in Automobile

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 2317-2321
Author(s):  
Ji Fei Chen ◽  
Long Qing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Design Principle ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Single Chip Microcomputer ◽  
Wiring Harness ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Flow Charts

Controller Area Network (CAN) is a kind of serial communication network that supports the distributed control and the real time control. The CAN have high performances and high reliabilities. It can solve many problems of complex circuitry, wiring harness increasing, operation reliability reducing and the difficulty of fault maintain increasing while using CAN Bus technology in automobile. In this paper, the form of CAN bus and node design method based on MC912D60A single chip microcomputer were studied and introduced. At last, the hardware design principle diagrams and software flow charts were given.

scholarly journals An Overview of CAN-BUS Development, Utilization, and Future Potential in Serial Network Messaging for Off-Road Mobile Equipment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Boland ◽  
Morgan I. Burgett ◽  
Aaron J. Etienne ◽  
Robert M. Stwalley III
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Control ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Future Potential

A Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial network information technology that facilitates the passing of information between Electronic Control Units (ECUs, also known as nodes). Developed by BOSCH in 1986 to circumvent challenges in harness-connected systems and provide improved message handling in automobiles, the CAN interface allows broadcast communication between all connected ECUs within a vehicle’s integrated electronic system through distributed control and decentralized measuring equipment. Since the early uses of CAN in car engine management, improvements in bitrate, bandwidth, and standardization protocols (such as ISO 11898 and SAE J1939) have led to CAN utilization in various industry applications, such as factory automation, aviation, off-highway vehicles, and telematics. Alternative wired and wireless technologies have been used to connect and network with CAN-BUS (such as Ethernet, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc.), further expanding the diversity of applications in which the serial network is employed. In this chapter, the past, present, and prospective future developments of CAN technology, with focused attention on applications in the agricultural and off-road sectors are broadly examined. CAN technology fundamentals, standards creation, modern day uses, and potential functionalities and challenges specific to CAN in the wake of precision agriculture and smart farming are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Cyberattacks and Countermeasures for In-Vehicle Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Aliwa ◽  
Omer Rana ◽  
Charith Perera ◽  
Peter Burnap
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
Small Frame ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Attack Surface

As connectivity between and within vehicles increases, so does concern about safety and security. Various automotive serial protocols are used inside vehicles such as Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN), and FlexRay. CAN Bus is the most used in-vehicle network protocol to support exchange of vehicle parameters between Electronic Control Units (ECUs). This protocol lacks security mechanisms by design and is therefore vulnerable to various attacks. Furthermore, connectivity of vehicles has made the CAN Bus vulnerable not only from within the vehicle but also from outside. With the rise of connected cars, more entry points and interfaces have been introduced on board vehicles, thereby also leading to a wider potential attack surface. Existing security mechanisms focus on the use of encryption, authentication, and vehicle Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), which operate under various constraints such as low bandwidth, small frame size (e.g., in the CAN protocol), limited availability of computational resources, and real-time sensitivity. We survey and classify current cryptographic and IDS approaches and compare these approaches based on criteria such as real-time constraints, types of hardware used, changes in CAN Bus behaviour, types of attack mitigation, and software/ hardware used to validate these approaches. We conclude with mitigation strategies limitations and research challenges for the future.

scholarly journals Identify a Spoofing Attack on an In-Vehicle CAN Bus Based on the Deep Features of an ECU Fingerprint Signal

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Yun Yang ◽  
Zongtao Duan ◽  
Mark Tehranipoor
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
High Computational Complexity

An in-vehicle controller area network (CAN) bus is vulnerable because of increased sharing among modern autonomous vehicles and the weak protocol design principle. Spoofing attacks on a CAN bus can be difficult to detect and have the potential to enable devastating attacks. To effectively identify spoofing attacks, we propose the authentication of sender identities using a recurrent neural network with long short-term memory units (RNN-LSTM) based on the features of a fingerprint signal. We also present a way to generate the analog fingerprint signals of electronic control units (ECUs) to train the proposed RNN-LSTM classifier. The proposed RNN-LSTM model is accelerated on embedded Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) to allow for real-time detection despite high computational complexity. A comparison of experimental results with the latest studies demonstrates the capability of the proposed RNN-LSTM model and its potential as a solution to in-vehicle CAN bus security.

Cybersecurity attacks on CAN bus based vehicles: a review and open challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten Fakhfakh ◽  
Mohamed Tounsi ◽  
Mohamed Mosbah
Keyword(s):  
Can Bus ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Vehicle Networks ◽  
Bus Networks ◽  
Validation Strategy

PurposeNowadays, connected vehicles are becoming quite complex systems which are made up of different devices. In such a vehicle, there are several electronic control units (ECUs) that represent basic units of computation. These ECUs communicate with each other over the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus protocol which ensures a high communication rate. Even though it is an efficient standard which provides communication for in-vehicle networks, it is prone to various cybersecurity attacks. This paper aims to present a systematic literature review (SLR) which focuses on potential attacks on CAN bus networks. Then, it surveys the solutions proposed to overcome these attacks. In addition, it investigates the validation strategies aiming to check their accuracy and correctness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have adopted the SLR methodology to summarize existing research papers that focus on the potential attacks on CAN bus networks. In addition, they compare the selected papers by classifying them according to the adopted validation strategies. They identify also gaps in the existing literature and provide a set of open challenges that can significantly improve the existing works.FindingsThe study showed that most of the examined papers adopted the simulation as a validation strategy to imitate the system behavior and evaluate a set of performance criteria. Nevertheless, a little consideration has been given to the formal verification of the proposed systems.Originality/valueUnlike the existing surveys, this paper presents the first SLR that identifies local and remote security attacks that can compromise in-vehicle and inter-vehicle communications. Moreover, it compares the reviewed papers while focusing on the used validation strategies.

scholarly journals Design of CAN Bus Communication Interfaces for Forestry Machines

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Spencer ◽  
Frutuoso Mateus ◽  
Pedro Torres ◽  
Rogério Dionísio ◽  
Ricardo Martins
Keyword(s):  
Can Bus ◽  
New Products ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Remote Diagnosis ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Control Units

This paper presents the initial developments of new hardware devices targeted for CAN (Controller Area Network) bus communications in forest machines. CAN bus is a widely used protocol for communications in the automobile area. It is also applied in industrial vehicles and machines due to its robustness, simplicity, and operating flexibility. It is ideal for forestry machinery producers who need to couple their equipment to a machine that allows the transportation industry to recognize the importance of standardizing communications between tools and machines. One of the problems that producers sometimes face is a lack of flexibility in commercialized hardware modules; for example, in interfaces for sensors and actuators that guarantee scalability depending on the new functionalities required. The hardware device presented in this work is designed to overcome these limitations and provide the flexibility to standardize communications while allowing scalability in the development of new products and features. The work is being developed within the scope of the research project “SMARTCUT—Remote Diagnosis, Maintenance and Simulators for Operation Training and Maintenance of Forest Machines”, to incorporate innovative technologies in forest machines produced by the CUTPLANT S.A. It consists of an experimental system based on the PIC18F26K83 microcontroller to form a CAN node to transmit and receive digital and analog messages via CAN bus, tested and validated by the communication between different nodes. The main contribution of the paper focuses on the presentation of the development of new CAN bus electronic control units designed to enable remote communication between sensors and actuators, and the main controller of forest machines.

Design of Environment Monitoring System Based on CAN Bus and Wireless Sensor Networks for Greenhouse

2014 ◽  
Vol 1049-1050 ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Bo Chang ◽  
Xin Rong Zhang ◽  
Li Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Backbone Network

In order to accurately collect the environmental parameters (such as temperature, humidity, illumination, etc.), which influence growth of greenhouse crops, the paper proposed a design for greenhouse environment monitoring based on CAN bus and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The communication network of the system consists of two parts: the backbone network being constructed by CAN bus and area network being constructed by WSNs. At the same time, the designed of hardware and software about the system is illustrated in detail. System architecture indicates that the system is an effective solution for greenhouse environment monitoring.

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