scholarly journals Optimisation of the amount of nitrogen enhances quality and yield of pepper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Han ◽  
Xiaoqin Zhu ◽  
Dongmei Liu ◽  
Libo Wang ◽  
Dongli Pei
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Utilisation Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Sand Cultures

The goals of this study were to explore the characteristics of nitrogen (N) absorption and utilisation of chilli peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), improve the utilisation rate of nitrogen, and provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilisation. In this experiment, pepper cv. Huoyanjiaowang was used as the material, and potted sand cultures and field randomised block experiments were conducted to study the effects of fertilisation of different forms of nitrogen on the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll, nitrate nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and yield. In the pot experiment, the nitrogen application rates were 0, 10, 100, 320 and 600 mg/L, a level of nitrogen of 100 mg/L significantly inhibited the growth of pepper. With the increase in the application of nitrogen, the photosynthetic capacity gradually decreased, and 10 mg/L was the optimal nitrogen level. Under 0 and 10 mg N/L nitrogen levels in the field experiment, the content of chlorophyll of this group was significantly lower than those of other treatment groups, indicating that the plot lacked nitrogen. With the increase in the level of application of nitrogen, the contents of nitrate nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil increased. The yield of 153.18 kg/ha and 230 kg/ha nitrogen treatments was relatively high. Therefore, among the five nitrogen treatment levels, treatment with 153.18–230 kg N/ha was the most effective at stimulating the growth and yield of pepper.  

Effect of autumn nitrogen on the growth and yield of winter barley in the north of Scotland

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Walker ◽  
S. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

SUMMARYIn experiments conducted between 1982/83 and 1984/85 on the winter barley cv. Igri, nitrogen, including slow release forms, applied at several growth stages in the autumn, increased vegetative growth, including vegetative tiller numbers, nitrogen content and greening, particularly in the early sown crops. By spring, these effects were less apparent and only very infrequently did autumn nitrogen applications result in an increase in fertile tiller number and yield, although the autumn nitrogen treatments had been tested in combination with several different sowing dates and spring nitrogen levels. Studies on leaf production over the winter showed that the additional leaf produced after nitrogen application was subsequently lost through leaf senescence (especially in the severe winter of 1984/85) and therefore the treated and untreated plots often recommenced growth in the spring with similar amounts of live leaf tissue. It is argued that the use of autumn nitrogen on winter cereals in the north of Scotland cannot be supported agronomically and may also be undesirable for environmental reasons.

The response of grass-clover and pure-grass leys to irrigation and fertilizer nitrogen treatment. II. Clover and fertilizer nitrogen effects

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid ◽  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

1. The effects of irrigation and fertilizer nitrogen treatments on four swards were studied for 3 years in an experiment at the Hannah Institute. This paper describes only the effects of the fertilizer nitrogen treatments and their interactions with the presence or absence of clover in the sward, since those of the irrigation treatments have been reported previously.2. Annual applications of 0, 104, 208 or 312 lb. of fertilizer nitrogen per acre were made on swards of S 23 rye-grass or S 37 cocksfoot with or without S100 white clover.3. The yields of the grass + clover swards exceeded those of the pure-grass swards at all fertilizer nitrogen application rates in the first 2 years and at the 0 and 104 lb./acre rates in the third year.

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards. I. The effect of varying the closeness of cutting on the yields from an established grass-clover sward

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Heavy Nitrogen

1. A 3-year experiment is described in which perennial rye-grass/white clover swards were cut to within either 1 in. of 2–2½ in. of ground level when the herbage had reached either the ‘grazing’ or the ‘silage’ stage of growth. Superimposed on the cutting treatments were several fertilizer treatments which involved application of varying amounts of nitrogen at different dates over the season.2. Throughout the experiment cutting to within 1 in. of ground level gave greater dry-matter and crude-protein yields of mixed herbage and of clover than cutting to within 2–2½ in. of ground level, the increase in dry-matter yield ranging from 39 to 49%.3. The response of clover to these ‘height of cutting’ treatments developed more slowly than the response of the sward as a whole, and was modified in the later stages by the particular fertilizer nitrogen treatment applied.4. It is suggested that the greater herbage yields obtained from close- than from lax-cut swards resulted from the differential effects of the two cutting treatments on stem and leaf formation in the grasses, but the need for further investigation is stressed.5. Discrepancies between the effects of the ‘height of cutting’ treatments in this experiment and those reported by other workers are indicated, and it is shown that these discrepancies probably result from the varying cutting frequencies adopted.6. Cutting the sward at varying stages of growth and increasing the rate of fertilizer nitrogen application had very similar effects on mixed herbage and clover yields in this experiment to those reported previously by other workers.7. Where the total amount of fertilizer nitrogen applied over the season was small (4 cwt. ‘Nitro-Chalk’/acre) delaying the first dressing until after the first or second cut reduced the dry-matter and crude-protein yields of mixed herbage, and had little effect on those of clover. A similar delay where greater total amounts of fertilizer nitrogen were used (8–12 cwt. ‘Nitro-Chalk’/acre) reduced the dry-matter yields of mixed herbage, and slightly increased the dry-matter and crude-protein yields of clover. Under these heavy nitrogen treatments the crude-protein yields of mixed herbage decreased only where the delay involved a reduction in the total amount of fertilizer nitrogen applied over the season.8. Although delaying the first dressing of the season reduced mixed herbage yields at all fertilizer nitrogen levels, it resulted in a more uniform distribution of production over the season. The practical significance of this is discussed.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Supply Affects Grain Yield by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Photosynthetic Capacity of Maize Plant in the Loess Plateau

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Kai Yue ◽  
Lingling Li ◽  
Junhong Xie ◽  
Setor Kwami Fudjoe ◽  
Renzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for maize, and appropriate N fertilization can promote maize growth and yield. The effect of N fertilizer rates and timings on morphology, antioxidant enzymes, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau of China was evaluated. The four N levels, i.e., 0 (N0), 100 (N1), 200 (N2), and 300 (N3) kg ha−1, were applied at two timings (T1, one-third N at sowing and two-thirds at the six-leaf stage of maize; T2, one-third applied at sowing, six-leaf stage, and eleven-leaf stage of maize). The results show that N2 and N3 significantly increased the plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, and leaf area index of maize compared with a non-N-fertilized control (N0). The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf chlorophyll contents were lower, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was higher for non-fertilized plants compared to fertilized plants. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with N rate, but the difference between 200 and 300 kg ha−1 was not significant; further, the isozyme bands of POD and SOD also changed with their activities. Compared with a non-N-fertilized control, N2 and N3 significantly increased grain yield by 2.76- and 3.11-fold in 2018, 2.74- and 2.80-fold in 2019, and 2.71- and 2.89-fold in 2020, and there was no significant difference between N2 and N3. N application timing only affected yield in 2018. In conclusion, 200 kg N ha−1 application increased yield through optimizing the antioxidant enzyme system, increasing photosynthetic capacity, and promoting dry matter accumulation. Further research is necessary to evaluate the response of more cultivars under more seasons to validate the results obtained.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) in Response to Different Sowing Methods and Nitrogen Levels in Salt-Affected Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz ◽  
Khalil Ahmed ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

scholarly journals Comparative study of different organic mulches for increased wheat productivity district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Raza ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad U. Chattha ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad B. Chattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Sorghum Straw

Weeds are major threat to global wheat production and cause serious threat to food security. Likewise, water scarcity is also a major threat to food production and its intensity is continuously soaring up across the globe. Organic mulches have potential to reduce weeds growth and conserve the soil moisture thus ensures the better crop growth and yield. Therefore, present study was conducted to compare the performance of different organic mulches in improving wheat growth and productivity. The study was comprised of different organic mulches; M1= No mulch (control) M2= maize straw mulch, M3= wheat straw mulch, M4= sorghum straw mulch and M5= rice straw mulch and three nitrogen levels N1 = 90 kg, N2 = 120 kg and N3= 150 kg/ha. The results indicated that both organic mulches and N rates had significant impact on growth, and yield traits. The maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (307 m-2), grains/spike (46.22), 1000 grain weight (42.33 g) biological yield (13.76 t/ha) and grain yield 4.75 t/ha was obtained with sorghum straw mulch and minimum productive tillers (255.33 m-2), grains/spike (36.22), biological yield (11.46 t/ha) and grain yield (3.59 t/ha) was recorded in no mulch (control). Among nitrogen levels maximum productive tillers (290.6 m-2), grains/spike (42.80), 1000 grain weight (40.65 g), biological yield (13.44 t/ha) and grain yield (4.32 t/ha) was obtained with 150 kg/ha N and minimum productive tillers (274 m-2), grains/spike (38.13), 1000 grain weight (36.94 g) biological yield (11.98 t/ha) and grain yield (3.90 t/ha) was obtained with 90 N kg/ha. Thus, farmers can use sorghum straw mulch and N (150 kg ha-1) to improve the wheat productivity. However, farmers must be educated by government institute and adoptive research farms in order to understand and adaption of this approach.

scholarly journals Sweet Corn Ontogeny in Response to Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Nahid Jafarikouhini ◽  
Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini ◽  
Thomas R. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Phenological Sensitivity ◽  
Water Treatments

To achieve optimum quality, sweet corn should be harvested at the milking stage, therefore understanding of plant phenology could be the most important aspects for economic return in this crop. Phenological sensitivity to the environment could be especially important in the management of water and nitrogen. In the current research, sweet corn ontogeny in two years was monitored in response to irrigation and nitrogen fertility: three water regimes and five nitrogen levels. The results showed that nitrogen and water application significantly affected duration in sweet corn between emergence and silking. As nitrogen and water level was increased, the days and cumulative temperature units (TU, °C) from sowing to silking significantly increased. In 2014, sowing to silking ranged from 66 days equal to 1035 TU with deficit water and nitrogen treatment to 72 days equal to 1140 TU at full irrigation and highest nitrogen treatment. In 2015, the range of sowing to silking was from 67 days equal to 1090 TU, to 73 days equal to 1180 TU. In contrast, neither nitrogen nor water treatments had a large influence on the duration of the silking to milking period. Across the two years the duration of silking to milking was approximately 506 TU. Therefore, once silking date had been resolved harvest date of sweet corn could be readily predicted independent of water or nitrogen treatment as occurring about 506 TU following silking.

GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF OPEN POLLINATED MAIZE (Zea mays) TO TYPES AND RATES OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS IN RAINFOREST TRANSITORY AGROECOLOGY OF NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
S. G. ADERIBIGBE ◽  
O. S. SAKARIYAWO ◽  
A. A. SORETIRE ◽  
A. A. OYEKANMI ◽  
P. A.S. SOREMI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Yield Responses

Sustainable maize (Zea mays) production in resource challenged regions of the world is achievable among others through optimal utilisation of organic fertilisers at varying rates. Field trials were conducted in Abeokuta (Latitude 7010' N and Longitude 3015' E) in the late cropping season of 2010 and 2011. Three commercially available organic fertilisers [(Gateway 1 (GF1), Gateway 2 (GF2) and Sunshine (SF)], at three rates (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and three replicates were used on improved open-pollinated maize variety (Swam 1 yellow). The experiment was laid out in a randomised completely blocked design. GF1 had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest effect on growth parameters (Plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf area Index), with SF the least. A significant depression was observed in most growth parameters at increasing application rates of organic fertiliser, a converse pattern was observed on 1000 grain weight (GW), harvest index and cob length. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) vegetative growth, cob weight and grain yield was observed in 2010 than 2011, while 2011 had longer cobs and more 1000 GW than 2010. GF1 was recommended in Rainforest transitory zone of Nigeria at higher application rates though mediated by environmental factors. Keywords: , , ,   

scholarly journals Effects of Incorporating Biochar into the Soil Using Power Tiller and Ox-Plough

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Masauso Ndhlovu ◽  
Nicholas Kiggundu ◽  
Joshua Wanyama ◽  
Noble Banadda
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Power Tiller ◽  
Plot Design

Existing knowledge about biochar is derived from trials where biochar incorporation into the soil is done by hands, a practice too tedious to scale-up to commercial levels. To enhance scalability, biochar incorporation needs to be integrated into conventional mechanised tillage systems. This study aimed at assessing the effects of incorporating biochar by power tiller and ox-plough on soil water retention, maize growth and yield. A 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with biochar incorporating method as a main plot factor and biochar level as subplot factor, on ferralsols of central Uganda. Incorporation methods were by power tiller and ox-plough with hand mixing in planting basins as a control, while levels of biochar were 0 and 10 t ha-1 application rates. Data was analysed using two-way ANOVAs in Minitab for significant differences among incorporation methods. Results showed that incorporating biochar by power tiller significantly increased water retention effect of biochar by 27.5% (p < 0.05), while no significant effect was observed (p ≥ 0.05) when incorporated by ox-plough, compared to hand mixing. No significant difference on growth and yield was observed (p ≥ 0.05) as a result of incorporating biochar by power tiller and ox-plough instead of hands in planting basins. These findings suggest that biochar incorporation can be scaled-up, to commercial levels, through the use of power tiller and ox-plough, without negative effects on biochar performance. It is recommended that promotion of biochar technology encompasses the use of power tillers and ox-ploughs to enhance scalability. 

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