scholarly journals Improving performance parameters of combustion engine for racing purposes

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
T. Polonec ◽  
I. Janoško
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Race Conditions ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
A Performance

Mechanical parts of stock engine have a performance reserve which could be utilized when the engine is used under the race conditions. Especially normal turbocharged engines have their performance parameters designed to drive in traffic, where a good flexibility, reliability, fuel consumption and a long service life is required. It is possible to utilize the whole power of the engine, when changing or modifying some of its external parts and achieve better performance parameters without modifying or changing internal engine components. Performed changes must be realized thoughtfully and on the admittable level, so the engine and other drive train components would not be damaged. In our study we design several changes of external parts of engine which have a significant impact on the improvement of engine performance parameters. Their contribution has been verified in practice by an engine dynamometer.

The WLTC vs NEDC: A Case Study on the Impacts of Driving Cycle on Engine Performance and Fuel Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 9071-9081
Author(s):  
Jakub Lasocki
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

The World-wide harmonised Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC) was developed internationally for the determination of pollutant emission and fuel consumption from combustion engines of light-duty vehicles. It replaced the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) used in the European Union (EU) for type-approval testing purposes. This paper presents an extensive comparison of the WLTC and NEDC. The main specifications of both driving cycles are provided, and their advantages and limitations are analysed. The WLTC, compared to the NEDC, is more dynamic, covers a broader spectrum of engine working states and is more realistic in simulating typical real-world driving conditions. The expected impact of the WLTC on vehicle engine performance characteristics is discussed. It is further illustrated by a case study on two light-duty vehicles tested in the WLTC and NEDC. Findings from the investigation demonstrated that the driving cycle has a strong impact on the performance characteristics of the vehicle combustion engine. For the vehicles tested, the average engine speed, engine torque and fuel flow rate measured over the WLTC are higher than those measured over the NEDC. The opposite trend is observed in terms of fuel economy (expressed in l/100 km); the first vehicle achieved a 9% reduction, while the second – a 3% increase when switching from NEDC to WLTC. Several factors potentially contributing to this discrepancy have been pointed out. The implementation of the WLTC in the EU will force vehicle manufacturers to optimise engine control strategy according to the operating range of the new driving cycle.

Evaluation of Spark Plug and Timing Configurations on the Fuel Consumption, Combustion Stability, and Emissions of a Large-Bore, Two-Stroke, Natural Gas Engine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Johnson ◽  
Marc Besch ◽  
Nathaniel Fowler ◽  
Robert Heltzel ◽  
April Covington
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Trade Offs

Emissions compliance is a driving factor for internal combustion engine research pertaining to both new and old technologies. New standards and compliance requirements for off-road spark ignited engines are currently under review and include greenhouse gases. To continue operation of legacy natural gas engines, research is required to increase or maintain engine efficiency, while reducing emissions of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde. A variety of technologies can be found on legacy, large-bore natural gas engines that allow them to meet current emissions standards — these include exhaust after-treatment, advanced ignition technologies, and fuel delivery methods. The natural gas industry uses a variety of spark plugs and tuning methods to improve engine performance or decrease emissions of existing engines. The focus of this study was to examine the effects of various spark plug configurations along with spark timing to examine any potential benefits. Spark plugs with varied electrode diameter, number of ground electrodes, and heat ranges were evaluated against efficiency and exhaust emissions. Combustion analyses were also conducted to examine peak firing pressure, location of peak firing pressure, and indicated mean effective pressure. The test platform was an AJAX-E42 engine. The engine has a bore and stroke of 0.216 × 0.254 meters (m), respectively. The engine displacement was 9.29 liters (L) with a compression ratio of 6:1. The engine was modified to include electronic spark plug timing capabilities along with a mass flow controller to ensure accurate fuel delivery. Each spark plug configuration was examined at ignition timings of 17, 14, 11, 8, and 5 crank angle degrees before top dead center. The various configurations were examined to identify optimal conditions for each plug comparing trade-offs among brake specific fuel consumption, oxides of nitrogen, methane, formaldehyde, and combustion stability.

Entropy, Energy and Exergy for Measuring PW4000 Turbofan Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Aygun ◽  
Onder Turan
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Force ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Main Engine

Abstract This study focuses on for a PW4000 high-bypass turbofan engine using energy, exergo-sustainable and performance viewpoint. For this aim, irreversibility and performance analyses are firstly performed for five main engine components at ≈260 kN maximum take-off thrust force. Besides, overall efficiency of the turbofan is determined to be 33 %, while propulsive and thermal efficiency of the turbofan are 72 % and 46 % respectively at 0.8 M and 288.15 K flight conditions. Secondly, calculation component-based exergetic assessment is carried out using exergetic indicators. According to the calculation, the exergetic efficiency of the engine is 32 %, while its waste exergy ratio is 0.678. Furthermore, exergetic sustainability measure is obtained as 0.473, while enviromental effect factor is 2.112. These indicators are also anticipated to help comprehend the connection between engine performance parameters and worldwide dimensions such as environmental effect and sustainable growth.

Combustion Engine Performance Diagnostics by Kinetic Energy Measurement

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Mauer ◽  
R. J. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Digital Circuit ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Front End

The diagnostic technique described in this paper is based on measuring the instantaneous angular speed of both the front end and the flywheel on internal-combustion engines, recording more than 400 speed measurements per engine cycle. Two noncontacting transducers are added to an existing drive train without requiring drive train modifications. A digital circuit, which includes a microprocessor, samples and processes the raw speed data. The numerical analysis includes data noise filtering, and the numerical determination of front end and flywheel speed waveforms. When operating without external load, the engine accelerates only the inertial load. When neglecting friction and the small amount of torsional energy in the crankshaft, it is shown that the engine energy can be modeled as a lumped parameter system consisting of inertia on both engine front and flywheel ends, coupled by a torsional spring. The results from measurements on an eight-cylinder diesel engine with various cylinder faults show that reduced cylinder performance produces a drop of kinetic energy for the faulty cylinder. An engine performance criterion evaluates the performance of each cylinder, based on its contribution to total engine kinetic energy. The results demonstrate that fault conditions are detected with high reliability.

Analysis of Engine Performance Parameters of Electrically Assisted Turbocharged Diesel Engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 861-864
Author(s):  
Tayfun Özgür ◽  
Kadir Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Turbocharged Diesel Engine ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Electrically Assisted ◽  
Turbocharging System ◽  
Exhaust Energy

Charging system is used to increase the charge density. Supercharging system suffers from fuel consumption penalty because of compressor powered by engine output. Turbocharging system uses wasted exhaust energy that means compressor powered by exhaust turbine but has a turbo lag problem. The electrically assisted turbocharger which can eliminate turbo lag problem and fuel consumption penalty is the topic of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of electrically assisted turbocharger on diesel engine performance parameters. The AVL Boost software program was used to simulate the electrically assisted turbocharged diesel engine. Simulations results showed that electrically assisted turbocharger increases low end torque and improves fuel economy.

The Effect of Bearing Surface Finish on Engine Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 380-383
Author(s):  
K. Diana Nyamugure ◽  
David Cheshire ◽  
Alan H.C. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Engine Components

In the automotive industry the goal for engine designers is not purely power output. Stringent environmental regulations demand improvements in power, fuel consumption, reliability and service life of engine components. A significant contributor to all of these improvements is a good understanding of the tribology of bearings including the effect that surface texturing techniques can have on bearing performance. This paper discusses the micro finishing process known as GBQ (Generating Bearing Quality) which optimizes bearing surfaces in terms of profile, geometry and surface finish. GBQ has been applied to the bearing surfaces of high performance and mass produced crank and camshafts to reduce friction and extend service life.

scholarly journals Effect of boosting system architecture and thermomechanical limits on diesel engine performance: Part-I—Steady-state operation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 854-872
Author(s):  
José Galindo ◽  
Hector Climent ◽  
Olivier Varnier ◽  
Chaitanya Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Efficiency Optimization ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Base Engine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engine Development

Internal combustion engine developments are more focused on efficiency optimization and emission reduction for the upcoming future. To achieve these goals, technologies like downsizing and downspeeding are needed to be developed according to the requirement. These modifications on thermal engines are able to reduce fuel consumption and [Formula: see text] emission. However, implementation of these kind of technologies asks for right and efficient charging systems. This article consists of study of different boosting systems and architectures (single- and two-stage) with combination of different charging systems like superchargers and e-boosters. A parametric study is carried out with a zero-dimensional engine model to analyze and compare the effects of these different architectures on the same base engine. The impact of thermomechanical limits, turbo sizes and other engine development option characterizations are proposed to improve fuel consumption, maximum power and performance of the downsized/downspeeded diesel engines.

A One-Dimensional Investigation of the Effect of an Active Control Turbocharger on Internal Combustion Engine Performance

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolos Pesiridis ◽  
Benjamin Dubois ◽  
Ricardo F. Martinez-Botas
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
The Impact

The present paper discusses the impact of a new type of turbocharger, namely, the Active Control Turbocharger (ACT). The aim of this work was to prove the advantage of this type of turbocharger over the current state-of-the-art: the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT). This was achieved by carrying out a comparison between two commercial Diesel engine models (through the use of a commercial engine simulation software), which belong to the same family: one 10 litre engine equipped with VGT (originally) was consecutively compared to the same model of engine modified for ACT operation and through the integration of the ACT into the 81 version of the same engine in order to demonstrate the ACT’s downsizing capability. The study has been carried out for speeds between 800 and 2000 rpm, and a fuel-air ratio range of between 0.017 and 0.057. The results showed that the actuation of the turbine in ACT mode (through the sinusoidal regulation of the turbine inlet area with each incoming exhaust gas pressure pulse) increases greatly the energy available at the turbine inlet. This leads to an increase of the boost pressure at the intake of the engine by an average 30%. The specific fuel consumption was found to be similar throughout engine operating range with a penalty of up to 10% for the ACT engine of the same size (10 litre). A comparison was then carried out between the 10 litre VGT engine and the 8 litre ACT engine. The 8 litre has been found to produce up to 37% more torque and horse power under 1400 rpm and obtained very similar performance to the 10 litre VGT engine at higher speeds. At constant power output between the 8 and 10 litre engines, it has been found that the fuel consumption was decreased by a maximum of 9% when using the 8 litre engine. The results of the present study were encouraging with respect to the potential of ACT to downsize the internal combustion engine.

scholarly journals Methodology for rationing the fuel consumption of the PAZ-320412 bus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vadimovich Petrov ◽  
Maria Mikhailovna Evseeva ◽  
Nadezhda Sergeevna Khiterkheeva ◽  
Daba Nimaevich Radnaev ◽  
Nikolay Ilyich Moshkin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Specific Emissions ◽  
The Republic

The article analyzes suburban bus transportation with specific routes in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). For the experimental study, the route No. 101, «Yakutsk – Tabaga» with a total length of 31 km was chosen. The schedule of buses of Municipal Unitary Enterprise «Yakut Passenger Transport Company (YAPAK)» on the suburban route is shown. The basic technical data of the bus PAZ-320412 was studied. In accordance with international regulations for the buses, the determination of fuel consumption and specific emissions of normalized toxic components is carried out using a riding cycle on running drums. For the calculation of fuel consumption, the technique of modeling of indicators of work of the engine which provide change of traction and speed characteristics of the car according to the set driving cycle was used. Finally, the results of the calculated fuel consumption for the NEDC driving cycle are compared with experimental data. As a comparison of the calculated and theoretical fuel consumption data with practical data, the Cummins engine type Cummins ISF 3.8 is considered. This internal combustion engine is installed on a PAZ-320412 bus. Experimental data on the fuel consumption of this bus per 100 km. showed 48 nm3, and theoretical calculations of bus fuel consumption per 100 km. by the proposed method showed 42 nm3. Therefore, to assess the traction and speed properties of the bus, the proposed combined method can be used which allows one to obtain calculation of fuel consumption which is closer to the experimental data on a driving cycle. Using the source data of the vehicle, effective engine performance indicators are evaluated. A calculation method is proposed for modeling a test, and experimental driving cycle of automobile transport with a total mass of more than five tons is suggested.

scholarly journals Fuel Consumption Reduction By Use Of Hybrid Drive Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Folker Renken
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Drive Systems

Vehicles with hybrid drive systems are characterized by their driving dynamics, their energy efficiency and their environment-friendliness especially. Dependent on the electrical power and the drive train structure these hybrid drives are grouped into different classes. Designations such as micro-hybrid, mild- hybrid, full-hybrid, serial-hybrid, serial/parallel-hybrid or power-split-hybrid reflect the large variance of these different drive train possibilities. In hybrid drive systems electronically controlled converters take an important role. With such a converter also the energy exchange between electrical power system and electrical machine is regulated. The reduction of the vehicle fuel consumption here is of special interest. Today's hybrid vehicles use for the control mainly information from the present driving conditions, taking into account the actual electrical power system-charge as well as the power demand of the driver. With such a control already considerable fuel reductions are reached. But additionally superimposed control and information systems promise substantial potential for more fuel reduction. With these systems an outstanding energy-saving and anticipatory way of driving could be realized. The aim is to find the best operating point in each case for the combustion engine and to adapt the charge state of the electrical power system to the respective driving situation.

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