scholarly journals Utilization of DNA microarrays for detection and identification of selected Fusarium species from the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S93-S101
Author(s):  
L. Pavlátová ◽  
D. Novotný ◽  
J. Hodek ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
J. Ovesná
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Template Dna

Fusarium is a serious phytopathogenic fungal genus with producting of many kinds of highly toxic secondary metabolites – mycotoxins. The consumption of Fusarium contaminated food and feed can cause dangerous mycotoxicoses both in humans and animals, therefore the detection of a wider range of Fusarium species in the samples of crops is very important. The aim of our work was to test the reliability of detection and identification of three Fusarium species in infected wheat grains by DNA microarrays versus classical mycological methods and by specific PCR. The in-house DNA microarrays for the detection and identification of the selected Fusarium species by using oligonucleotides probes were prepared. For hybridisation on DNA microarrays fluorescent labelled PCR products were used of part of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha. The conditions of hybridisation were optimised on fungal template DNA. The method of DNA microarrays was verified on artificially infected samples of wheat and tested on unknown infected wheat samples with simultaneous analysis by classical mycological methods and by specific PCR.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Profile of Fusarium Species Isolated from Maize Kernels in Iran

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Fallahi ◽  
Hossein Saremi ◽  
Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah ◽  
Stefania Somma ◽  
Miriam Haidukowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
High Possibility

Fusarium species are among the most important fungal pathogens of maize, where they cause severe reduction of yield and accumulation of a wide range of harmful mycotoxins in the kernels. In order to identify the Fusarium species and their mycotoxin profiles associated to maize ear rot and kernel contamination in Iran, a wide sampling was carried out from field in ten major maize-producing provinces in Iran, during 2015 and 2016. From 182 samples of maize kernels, 551 strains were isolated and identified as belonging to Fusarium genus. Among the 234 representative strains identified at species level by translation elongation factor (EF-1α) sequences, the main Fusarium species were F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum, together representing 90% of the Iranian Fusarium population, and, to a lesser extent, F. incarnatum equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. thapsinum and F. redolens. Fumonisin (FBs) production by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum representative strains was analysed, showing that all strains produced FB1. None of F. verticillioides strains produced FB2 nor FB3, while both FB2 and FB3 were produced only by F. proliferatum. Total mean of FBs production by F. verticillioides was higher than F. proliferatum. The occurrence of different Fusarium species on Iranian maize is reason of great concern because of the toxigenic risk associated to these species. Moreover, the diversity of the species identified increases the toxigenic risk associated to Fusarium contaminated maize kernels, because of the high possibility that a multi-toxin contamination can occur with harmful consequences on human and animal health.

scholarly journals Identification and diversity of Fusarium species isolated from tomato fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Baiti Abd Murad ◽  
Nor Azizah Kusai ◽  
Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Abstract Fruit rot of tomato is a serious disease caused by Fusarium species. Sampling was conducted throughout Selangor, Malaysia and fungal species identification was conducted based on morphological and gene encoding translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) sequence analysis. Five species of Fusarium were discovered namely F. oxysporum (including F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), F. solani, F. equiseti, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. Our results provide additional information regarding the diversity of Fusarium species associated with fruit rot disease of tomato.

Fusarium spp. associated with root rot of pulse crops and their cross pathogenicity to cereal crops in Montana

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarnalatha Moparthi ◽  
Mary Eileen Burrows ◽  
Josephine Mgbechi-Ezeri ◽  
Bright Agindotan
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Disease Management Strategy

Root rot caused by Fusarium species is a major problem in the pulse growing regions of Montana. Fusarium isolates (n=112) were obtained from seeds and/or roots of chickpea, dry pea, and lentil. Isolates were identified by comparing the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the translation elongation factor 1-α in Fusarium-ID database. Fusarium avenaceum was the most abundant species (28%), followed by F. acuminatum (21%), F. poae (13%), F. oxysporum (8%), F. culmorum (6%), F. redolens (6%), F. sporotrichioides (6%), F. solani (4%), F. graminearum (2%), F. torulosum (2%) and F. tricinctum (0.9%). The aggressiveness of a subset of 50 isolates that represent various sources of isolation was tested on three pulse crops and two cereal crops. Nonparametric analysis of variance conducted on ranks of disease severity indicated that F. avenaceum and F. solani isolates were highly aggressive on pea and chickpea. In lentil, F. avenaceum and F. culmorum were highly aggressive. In barley, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. culmorum, and F. graminearum were highly aggressive. In wheat, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, and F. culmorum were highly aggressive. Two F. avenaceum isolates were highly aggressive across all the crops tested and found to be cross pathogenic. One isolate of F. culmorum and an isolate of F. graminearum obtained from chickpea and lentil seed were highly aggressive on barley and wheat. The results indicate that multiple Fusarium spp. from seeds and roots can cause root rot on both pulse and cereal crops. Rotating these crops may still lead to an increase in inoculum levels, making crop rotation limited in efficacy as a disease management strategy.

scholarly journals Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Chang ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Muhammd Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Continuous Maize ◽  
Strip Intercropping

Fusarium species are the most detrimental pathogens of soybean root rot worldwide, causing large loss in soybean production. Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping has significant advantages on the increase of crop yields and efficient use of agricultural resources, but its effects on the occurrence and pathogen population of soybean root rot are rarely known. In this study, root rot was investigated in the fields of the continuous maize/soybean strip relay intercropping and soybean monoculture. Fusarium species were isolated from diseased soybean roots and identified based on sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and the diversity and pathogenicity of these species were also analyzed. Our results showed that intercropping significantly decreased soybean root rot over monoculture. A more diverse Fusarium population including Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum was identified from intercropping while FSSC, FIESC, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. asiaticum and F. meridionale were found from monoculture. All Fusarium species caused soybean root infection but exhibited distinct aggressiveness. The most aggressive F. oxysporum was more frequently isolated in monoculture than intercropping. FSSC and FIESC were the dominant species complex and differed in their aggressiveness. Additionally, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides were specifically identified from intercropping with weak or middle aggressiveness. Except for F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum were firstly reported to cause soybean root rot in China. This study indicates maize/soybean relay strip intercropping can reduce soybean root rot, change the diversity and aggressiveness of Fusarium species, which provides an important reference for effective management of this disease.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium Maize Ear Rot Caused by Fusarium meridionale in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1156-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
W. Luo ◽  
Y. Pan ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
J. S. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
First Report

Fusarium is an important genus of fungal pathogens that are responsible for devastating diseases, such as Fusarium ear rot on maize, which may result in yield losses and/or mycotoxin contamination. In September 2013, a survey to determine population composition of Fusarium species on maize was conducted at 22 fields in 18 counties in Gansu Province. Maize ears with clear symptoms (with a white to pink- or salmon-colored mold at the ear tip) were collected. Symptomatic seeds were surface-sterilized with 70% ethanol and 10% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed three times with sterile water to eliminate hypochlorite residues. After drying on sterile filter paper, the seeds were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 3 days. Mycelium that was characteristic of Fusarium spp. (2) was purified by transferring single spores to fresh PDA. Fusarium species were identified by morphological characteristics (2), multilocus genotyping assay (MLGT) (3), and sequence analysis of the translation elongation factor-1α (TEF) gene. Several Fusarium species were identified and Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum were the predominant species. Based on MLGT, two strains from Chenghong County were identified as F. meridionale with NIV chemotype, a species in F. graminearum species complex (FGSC). Morphological characteristics were also identical to FGSC. Colonies grew rapidly on PDA and produce relatively large amounts of dense mycelia and red pigments. Slender, thick-walled, and moderately curved or straight macroconidia were observed with 5- to 6-septate. Furthermore, conidia on SNA also showed typical characteristics of F. meridionale, as the dorsal and ventral lines were often parallel and gradually curved. Sequences comparison of the partial translation elongation factor (TEF-1α, 644 bp) gene (1) was used to validate these observations. BLASTn analysis with the FUSARIUM-ID database revealed 100% sequence identity to F. meridionale (GenBank Accession No. KJ137017). Thus, both morphological and molecular criteria supported identification of the strains as F. meridionale. A pathogenicity test was performed on Zhengdan958, the maize variety with the largest planted acreage in China. Four days after silk emergence, 2 ml conidial suspension (105 macroconidia/ml) of each isolate were injected into each of 10 maize ears through silk channel. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. Typical FER symptoms (reddish-white mold) was observed on inoculated ears and no symptoms were observed on water controls. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolating the same fungus from the infected seeds. F. meridionale was one of the pathogens causing Fusarium head blight on wheat and barley in China and produced nivalenol (4,5) and it also has been isolated from maize in Korea and Nepal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. meridionale causing Fusarium ear rot on maize in China. Further studies on biological characteristics such as temperature sensibility and fungicide resistance are needed to gain a better understanding of this new pathogen. References: (1) D. M. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006. (3) T. J. Ward et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 45:473, 2008. (4) L. Yang et al. Phytopathology 98:719, 2008. (5) H. Zhang et al. Plos one 7:e31722, 2012.

scholarly journals The Existing Methods and Novel Approaches in Mycotoxins’ Detection

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3981
Author(s):  
Edyta Janik ◽  
Marcin Niemcewicz ◽  
Marcin Podogrocki ◽  
Michal Ceremuga ◽  
Leslaw Gorniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Food Commodities

Mycotoxins represent a wide range of secondary, naturally occurring and practically unavoidable fungal metabolites. They contaminate various agricultural commodities like cereals, maize, peanuts, fruits, and feed at any stage in pre- or post-harvest conditions. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed can cause acute or chronic toxicity in human and animals. The risk that is posed to public health have prompted the need to develop methods of analysis and detection of mycotoxins in food products. Mycotoxins wide range of structural diversity, high chemical stability, and low concentrations in tested samples require robust, effective, and comprehensible detection methods. This review summarizes current methods, such as chromatographic and immunochemical techniques, as well as novel, alternative approaches like biosensors, electronic noses, or molecularly imprinted polymers that have been successfully applied in detection and identification of various mycotoxins in food commodities. In order to highlight the significance of sampling and sample treatment in the analytical process, these steps have been comprehensively described.

scholarly journals Fusarium casha sp. nov. and F. curculicola sp. nov. in the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex Isolated from Amaranthuscruentus and Three Weevil Species in South Africa

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Marcele Vermeulen ◽  
Lisa A. Rothmann ◽  
Wijnand J. Swart ◽  
Marieka Gryzenhout
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Morphological Studies

Trials are currently being conducted in South Africa to establish Amaranthus cruentus as a new pseudocereal crop. During recent surveys, Fusarium species were associated with weevil damage in A. cruentus fields. Preliminary studies showed that some of these Fusarium species grouped into two distinct clades within the F. fujikuroi species complex. The aim of this study was to characterize these isolates based on the morphology and phylogeny of the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1α) gene region, ß-tubulin 2 (ßT) gene region and RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2), and to determine if these isolates are pathogenic to A. cruentus. Phylogenetic and morphological studies showed that these two clades represent two novel species described here as F. casha and F. curculicola. Both species were shown to have the potential to be pathogenic to A. cruentus during routine greenhouse inoculation tests. While isolations indicate a possible association between these two species and weevils, further research is needed to understand this association and the role of weevils in disease development involving F. casha and F. curculicola in A. cruentus.

scholarly journals First Report of Gladiolus Corm Rot Caused by Fusarium proliferatum in Oman

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Al Mahmooli ◽  
F. Al Balushi ◽  
O. Doyle ◽  
A. M. Al Sadi ◽  
M. L. Deadman
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
State University ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
First Report ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Hybrid gladiolus varieties have potential as a major ornamental crop in Oman. Grown for the cut-flower industry, their production has increased significantly in recent years. In 2010, during a field trial of two hybrid varieties (Red Majesty and Mascagni) grown in sandy soil at Al Moballah, Muscat, approximately 3% of Red Majesty plants and 12% of Mascagni plants showed signs of wilting and yellowing prior to plant death. In all cases, tissue taken from 20 diseased corms yielded Fusarium-like colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies were light to dark purple in color with dense and abundant aerial mycelium; macroconidia were 33.8 × 4.8 μm with 3 to 5 septa per spore; microconidia were 13.5 × 4.8 μm with 0 to 1 septa per spore and were in chains (mean of 50 spores in both cases). No chlamydospores were observed. In vitro characters and spore measurements conformed to previously described features of Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg (2). Mycelial plugs (5 mm in diameter) were taken from 5-day-old cultures of F. proliferatum grown on 2.5% PDA and wrapped on the base of Gladiolus corms using Parafilm and wet cotton. The Parafilm was removed after 7 days of inoculation. The corms were kept in moistened polythene bags for and symptoms were recorded. Control corms were inoculated using PDA (1). Artificial inoculations resulted in rot symptoms on all corms within 14 days and fungal colonies identical to initial isolations were recovered from artificially infected corms. Rotting was not observed in corms inoculated using PDA alone. Identification of F. proliferatum was confirmed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA (ITS1 and ITS4 primers) and sequences of the translation elongation factor alpha (TEF-1) gene (EF-1-986 and EF-728 primers). The ITS and TEF-1 sequences were found to share 99.8% and 99.6% nucleotide similarity to previously published sequences of the ITS (HQ113948) and EF (JN092351) regions of F. proliferatum in GenBank, respectively. The ITS sequence of one isolate was assigned GenBank Accession No. JN86006. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of F. proliferatum in Oman or in the Arabian Peninsula. References: (1) C. Linfield. Ann. Appl. Biol. 121:175, 1983. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, USA, 1983.

scholarly journals Specific PCR Identification and Differentiation of the Thermophilic Campylobacters, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3370-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fermér ◽  
Eva Olsson Engvall
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Pcr Identification ◽  
Pcr Products

A sensitive PCR assay that detects the thermophilic campylobactersC. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, andC. upsaliensis is reported. Furthermore, by digestion of the PCR products with two restriction enzymes, species differentiation was demonstrated. Thus, the present method has the potential to be used for both detection and identification of thermophilicCampylobacter species.

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