scholarly journals Biomass production and survival rates of selected poplar clones grown under a short-rotation on arable land

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trnka ◽  
M. Trnka ◽  
J. Fialová ◽  
V. Koutecký ◽  
M. Fajman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Mechanical Methods

Fast-growing woody plants that can be grown under short-rotation systems offer an alternative to food production on arable land, and serve as a potential source of renewable energy. In order to establish the feasibility of future large scale production under the conditions of the Czech-Moravian highland, a high density experimental field plantation including a range of available clones of <I>Populus</I> sp. and <I>Salix</I> sp. with the total area of 1.5 ha was established in early 2001 in Domanínek (Czech Republic, 49°32'N, 16°15'E and altitude 530 m). The clone experiment of <I>Populus </I> sp. covered 0.3 ha in the center of the plantation and included 13 clones in total, with hardwood cuttings of only 6 clones available in numbers allowing 4-replicate experiment. The plantation was established on agricultural land and the trees were planted in a double row design with a density of 10 000 trees/ha. The trial was weeded by mechanical methods, and no irrigation, fertilization, or herbicides were applied. The experiment site was harvested at the end of 2006. It was found that the biomass yields of the tested clones of <I>Populus</I> sp. were in the higher range of results from national and European studies in case of hybrid clones. The satisfactory survival rate in the first year, when mortality tends to be highest, was supported by relatively wet weather conditions after plantation establishment. At the end of the first rotation, the highest yields were obtained from clones J-105 and J-104 (<I>P. nigra</I> × <I>P. maximowiczii</I>) and P-494 (<I>P. maximowiczii</I> × <I>P. berolinensis</I>) with J-105 showing a mean annual increment of dry matter close to 14 t/ha. Additional experiments seem to suggest that well managed poplar plantation might produce even better values if higher survival rates can be achieved.

scholarly journals Biomass and lipid induction strategies in microalgae for biofuel production and other applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Alishah Aratboni ◽  
Nahid Rafiei ◽  
Raul Garcia-Granados ◽  
Abbas Alemzadeh ◽  
José Rubén Morones-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Microalgae Biomass

Abstract The use of fossil fuels has been strongly related to critical problems currently affecting society, such as: global warming, global greenhouse effects and pollution. These problems have affected the homeostasis of living organisms worldwide at an alarming rate. Due to this, it is imperative to look for alternatives to the use of fossil fuels and one of the relevant substitutes are biofuels. There are different types of biofuels (categories and generations) that have been previously explored, but recently, the use of microalgae has been strongly considered for the production of biofuels since they present a series of advantages over other biofuel production sources: (a) they don’t need arable land to grow and therefore do not compete with food crops (like biofuels produced from corn, sugar cane and other plants) and; (b) they exhibit rapid biomass production containing high oil contents, at least 15 to 20 times higher than land based oleaginous crops. Hence, these unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms have received great attention from researches to use them in the large-scale production of biofuels. However, one disadvantage of using microalgae is the high economic cost due to the low-yields of lipid content in the microalgae biomass. Thus, development of different methods to enhance microalgae biomass, as well as lipid content in the microalgae cells, would lead to the development of a sustainable low-cost process to produce biofuels. Within the last 10 years, many studies have reported different methods and strategies to induce lipid production to obtain higher lipid accumulation in the biomass of microalgae cells; however, there is not a comprehensive review in the literature that highlights, compares and discusses these strategies. Here, we review these strategies which include modulating light intensity in cultures, controlling and varying CO2 levels and temperature, inducing nutrient starvation in the culture, the implementation of stress by incorporating heavy metal or inducing a high salinity condition, and the use of metabolic and genetic engineering techniques coupled with nanotechnology.

Indian Companies Engaged in Agricultural “Land Grabbing” in Africa: The Need for Indo-african Solidarity Linkages

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Rick Rowden
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lease Contracts

Indian agricultural companies have been involved in the recent trend in large-scale overseas acquisitions of farmland, criticized as “land grabbing”. India has joined China, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and South Korea among other nations heavily investing in large-scale agricultural projects in Africa and elsewhere. Several factors are driving India's effort to “outsource its food production,” including the Government's growing strategic concerns about ensuring long-term food security and concerns about falling ground water tables. Eager developing country governments have also courted Indian agricultural investors, offering special incentives, including offers to lease massive tracts of arable land on very generous terms at much cheaper rates than land and water in India. The Indian Government has supported this trend through high-level trade diplomacy, foreign aid, and subsidized credit for its agricultural companies investing overseas. Critics call the trend “land grabbing” and claim there have been negative impacts on local peoples, who are often displaced in the process. The public disclosure of lease contracts between the Ethiopian Government and five Indian investors sheds light on the negative ethical, political, human rights and environmental consequences for local people in host countries. New and ongoing advocacy strategies are discussed, including the idea to establish international advocacy linkages between Indian activists fighting for small farmers rights and addressing “land grabbing” actions within India, and small farmers in Africa and elsewhere facing similar problems. One idea is for such linkages to inform Indian citizens who can take action to address the problem of land-grabbing by Indian companies operating overseas. International land rights advocates see a common struggle in which land deals must involve transparent and participatory relations between governments, companies and local democratic communities.

scholarly journals Exports of Agri-Products from Gujarat: Problems and Prospects

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra H Dholakia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Product Categories

This paper follows a narrow definition of agri-products that include products of agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, animal husbandry, and poultry. Like most other states in India, Gujarat has also prepared several reports and policy papers assessing the potential for agro-processing, identifying constraints in the development and exports of agri-products, suggesting or announcing several important policy measures for removing physical and financial infrastructural bottlenecks, and promoting R&D activities in the sector. However, these exercises lack realistic assessment of the potential, important features of agri-exports from the state, and Gujarat's comparative advantage over the rest of the country in specific product categories. This paper addresses these aspects. A recent survey of exports originating from Gujarat conducted by the Gujarat Industrial Technical Consultancy Organization (GITCO) estimated that, during the year 2000–01, Gujarat contributed Rs 495 billion (or 20.8%) out of the total national exports of Rs 2,385 billion. However, excluding gems and jewellery and petroleum products, Gujarat's share in the national exports is only 9.2 per cent. Compared to this overall proportion, Gujarat's share in national exports in commodities like groundnut, oil-meals, castor oil, poultry, dairy products, spices, sesame and niger seeds, and processed food, fruits, and vegetables is much higher indicating Gujarat's revealed comparative advantage in these product categories. Some important features of the exports activity in Gujarat are: Only 20 per cent are pure traders in the export business. Only a quarter of the units have ‘export house’ or upward status for special benefits. More than 40 per cent of the exporting units have come up after 1991–92. Two-thirds of the exporters belong to small and medium enterprises. Export intensity of Gujarat's agricultural sector is about 12 per cent. Agri-exports represent excess supply and hence highly volatile and fluctuating activity over time. Agri-exports are price elastic. Agri-exports would be highly responsive to exchange rate depreciation. In recent years, Gujarat's agriculture shows considerable dynamic characteristics in contrast to the gloomy official income estimates in the sector. Nineteen out of 30 crops show significant positive time trend in area while five crops show significant negative trend. The cropping pattern in Gujarat has been shifting away from the low value traditional crops to high value commercial crops with business and export potential. A detailed consideration of yield rates of different crops in the state and other states over the past three decades indicates a realistic potential of 5 per cent per annum growth rate for agriculture in Gujarat over the next eight to ten years. In order to ensure exclusive and regular supply to the export market, quality standards have to be according to the foreign destination and not the domestic market. This calls for large-scale production, assured input supplies, good logistics, infrastructural facilities, R&D activities, and technological upgradation. This involves giving priority to investments in several infrastructural facilities and agricultural R&D besides perfecting agricultural land market and encouraging contract farming in the state.

scholarly journals Analysis of land-law relations development in the Czech Republic after 1989 in the legal and economic kontext

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
J. Bartůšková ◽  
J. Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Land Law ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Czech Land

Changes in the land law, which occurred after 1948, still influence the whle Czech countryside to this day. Typical features of Czech agriculture, i.e. the fragmentation of ownership of the agricultural land fund and the high share of leased agricultural land, which is a direct consequence of the socialistic large-scale production, continue even despite extensive legal changes after 1989. The changes in the Czech land law after 1989 brought about not only the legal guarantees for owners but also new problems, which are still necessary to solve. An important tool of the solution of the present Czech agriculture problems is represented by land adjustments. The membership of the Czech Republic in the European Union on one hand led to the simplification of land acquisition for some foreigners, however; on the other hand it has not influenced in principle the structure of landowners. Still in 2008, the questions of the atonement of property injustices are finished yet regarding the churches concerning agricultural and forest land. A new civil code, currently in process, which can influence some legal relations to the land, has not been put forward to the Parliament yet.

scholarly journals Agricultural land losses aper 1990 in the Liberec Region

Geografie ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Janoušek
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Real Estate Register

The use of Czechia’s landscape was repeatedly changed, especially by political factors. After 1989, there were large-scale processes of property return, privatization and transformation of the economy and society. In 2003, before entry into EU, approximately 300,000 hectares of agricultural land were not used economically. This was evidently an impact of a tremendous fragmentation of the holdings in the early 1990s as well as large differences between the structure of owners of land and its real users (tenants). A mere 62% of arable land (and 78% of agricultural land in all), registered in the Cadastre of Real Estate (register of owners) is also included in the Land Parcel Identification System (register of users). This disharmony between the cadastral data and the state in the terrain prompted us to focus our attention on this state. We analyze the driving forces which brought it about as well as the size and regional structure of such differences.

Harmonizing, merging and publishing hydropedological data for the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Strouhal ◽  
Petr Kavka ◽  
Hana Beitlerová ◽  
Daniel Žížala
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Projects

&lt;p&gt;Czech soil data is a mess. Modelling infiltration, or its probably most watched companion - runoff, has been quite a painful process for any researcher or practitioner studying any site larger or more heterogeneous than a few parcels of arable land. There are at least three main national soil databases in the Czech Republic, each of different age, scope, classification system and - most unfortunately - different administrator. So far Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation has taken good care of data for agricultural land, while The Forest Management Institute did his job considering forest soils. A few other research institutes manage their own specific databases. There has been no service available providing consistent data for the whole country, nor methodology giving some guidelines on how to cope with differences in existing datasets, though a few large-scale applications and studies do exist. This contribution presents preliminary results of a running project TJ02000234 - Physical and hydropedological soil properties of the Czech Republic. It aims at harmonizing and combining available datasets and deriving layers of soil texture and hydropedological properties. Next the project aims at gathering available measurements of hydraulic properties of Czech soil types and their partial validation and extending with field measurements in the scope limited by the 2-years of project duration. The derived database and data products will be published in the form of a certified map as well as offered to professionals through an online GIS portal. Design planners in the Land consolidation, flood and soil erosion mitigation projects as well as professionals in public administration and researchers in environmental disciplines will benefit from the publication of this consistent data.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Remote monitoring of land in western Kazakhstan

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Есмагулова ◽  
Bayan Esmagulova ◽  
Кошелева ◽  
Olga Kosheleva ◽  
Мушаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Space Images ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Sand Control

The article presents the results of the environmental assessment of land in Western Ka-zakhstan, held by decoding high resolution satellite images. The object of investigation is Bokey Orda District of West Kazakhstan region. Decryption is performed by space images QuickBird 2013 1:50 000. Application of space images helped to define the boundaries of the main categories of agricultural land (arable land, grassland, sandy tracts, etc.), set the location of settlements, trans-port infrastructure, as well as to identify the main elements of the hydrographic network (rivers, lakes, estuaries, sors) and mesorelief (sandy hillocks, hill reduction, etc.). It was found that 48.4 % of the Bokey Orda District territory is occupied by agricultural land, 40.7 % - sandy massifs, 10.8 % of the land area are various negative mesorelief – saline depression, estuaries, bitter-salty lakes. The data on land grounds allowed assessing the ecological status of the territory at a rate of anthropo-genic stress that for lands of Bokey Orda District is 3.3 points, which corresponds to the ecological crisis. The current crisis situation is caused by overgrazing and plowing of virgin lands and is cha-racterized by strong decrease in productivity and loss of stability. Selective economic use and plan-ning of deep land improvement is suggeted. An acute need to implement large-scale sand-control works, restoration of degraded pastures and unproductive lands transfer in adaptive forest agricul-tural landscapes is established. The data on volumes of forest reclamation works to secure the shift-ing sands, held in Bokey Orda District in the period from 2011 to 2013, are presented. It is recom-mended to organize of environmental monitoring using remote sensing data, which will allow timely identification of areas, subjected to degradation processes, and to take appropriate measures to eliminate pockets of desertification in the initial stage.

scholarly journals Enhanced growth and development of Chrysanthemum morifolium in microponic system under light-emitting diodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-660
Author(s):  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
Nguyen Ba Nam ◽  
Nguyen Phuc Huy ◽  
Truong Thi Bich Phuong ◽  
Duong Tan Nhut
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Material Space ◽  
Millipore Membrane

This paper investigated the growth and development of Chrysanthemum shoots in microponic systems in comparison with shoots in micropropagation system. A microponic culture system, combining micropropagation and hydroponics, could reduce the drawbacks of micropropagation system such as reduction of infection, saving of labor, material, space, etc. In this study, Chrysanthemum morifolium shoots with 3 cm in length were cultured in MC (microponic system with circular container - 12 cm diameter at top, 9 cm diameter at bottom and 8.5 cm in height), MR (microponic system with rectangular box - 8.5 cm in height, 35 x 28 cm at top and 30 x 25 cm at bottom) and micropropagation system (MO - rectangular plastic box with 800 ml of half-strength MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose and 8 mg/l agar). The results indicated that shoots pretreated with 500 ppm IBA, cultured in MC (15 shoots per container) and ventilated with millipore membrane (MillisealTM, pore size 0.5 µm of diameter 2 cm) under 70% red LED combined with 30% blue LED gave thebest plant height, number of roots, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content (a, b and a+b) (5.18 cm, 12.50, 0.52 g, 28.19 µg/g, 13.56 µg/g and 41.75 µg/g, respectively). The survival rates of plants derived from MC and MR in the greenhouse were higher than those in MO (100%, 100% and 85%, respectively). This study indicated that MR was an effective and simple system for large-scale production of Chrysanthemum morifolium.

scholarly journals Structure Changing in Maize-Based Agriculture Production in Vietnam: Case Study in Son La Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Dang Thi Thanh Thuy ◽  
Nguyen Van Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Maize Production

Maize is the primary food resource for livestock, mainly cultivated in the northern mountains, the central provinces, and the central highlands in Vietnam. By studying reliable reports and policies related to maize-based agricultural production in combination with interviews and focus group discussion methods conducted in Son La province, this study specifically analyzes the situation of maize production in Vietnam and impacts of policies for the specific case in Son La province. The research results show that, though the sharp decrease, maize has still been the main crop with an annual cultivation area of ​​over 30% of the country's agricultural land recently. However, maize is only modestly mentioned in some central policies, and no policy at the local level is reserved for maize production. In addition, maize is no longer a crop to attract local farmers’ and authority’ interest, especially since 2015, the transition in maize cultivation area on sloping land to arable land of fruit trees and many other crops has been carried out on a large scale due to some policies by the province, resulting in a sharp decrease in maize cultivated area and production. This might lead to limited results of substantial government policies on maize acreage expansion, maize cultivated area planning, or maize development strategy. Accordingly, some recommendations to improve the situation are provided.

scholarly journals Simplified Hatchery Protocols for Culture of Orange-Spotted Spinefoot Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787) in Palawan, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ELMER G. VILLANUEVA ◽  
KYRA HOEVENAARS ◽  
JONAH VAN BEIJNEN ◽  
AL P. GONZALES ◽  
LOTA A. CREENCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Commercial Feeds

Three hatchery experiments for orange-spotted spinefoot, Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787), were carried out in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines using larvae and fingerlings produced through induced spawning. The first experiment (E1) involving larvae raised in six 5,000-L concrete tanks until 39 days post-hatch (dph) comparing two stocking densities (T1: 3; and T2: 5 larva.L-1), obtained survival rates (SR) of 6.00 and 7.85 %. The second experiment (E2) monitored the growth and survival of 47 dph juveniles for 3 weeks, raised in 25-L plastic basins, fed with a commercial diet at three stocking densities with five replications. The initial stocking densities (6, 12, 18 ind.L-1) were reduced during the second (4, 8, 12 ind.L-1) and third (2, 4, 6 ind.L-1) week, respectively. The weekly SR for all treatments ranged between 99.2 and 100 %. Weekly final total lengths (TL) were not significantly different except during the second week. The third experiment (E3) evaluated the effects of two types of commercial feeds (T1: grouper feed; T2: milkfish feed) on the growth and survival of 47 dph juveniles in plastic basins for 3 weeks, at similar densities reduced on a weekly basis. The SR (96.2 to 99.9 %) were not significantly different, but the TL of fish in T1 (4.39 cm) were significantly bigger than in T2 (3.52 cm). While there is a need to improve the low and irregular survival of S. guttatus larvae for cost-effective large-scale production, we recommend using small basins in the intensive rearing of juveniles.

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