scholarly journals The effectiveness of N-fertilization and microbial preparation on spring wheat  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
M. Kołodziejczyk ◽  
B. Kulig ◽  
A. Oleksy ◽  
A. Szmigiel
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Salt Minerals ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
High Level

The efficiency of the application of microbial preparations enhancing soil properties as well as the diversified fertilization of spring wheat nitrogen was evaluated in the field experiment. Factors of the experiment referred to the levels of nitrogen fertilization: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg/ha as well as the application of microbial preparations, namely, Proplantan (disaccharide, and polysaccharide, lactic acid, carotene, riboflavin, thiamine, amylase, sea salt, minerals), Effective microorganisms (milk bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, moulds) and UG<sub>max</sub> microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, macro- and microelements). The quantity of N<sub>min</sub> in the soil layer of 0&ndash;0.9 m ranged in respective years from 72.8 to 98.5 kg/ha before the spring wheat seeding and from 58.6.8 to 68.2 kg/ha after the crop was harvested, whereas the amount of N mineralization ranged from 18.9 to 53.3 kg/ha. Grain yields of wheat developed at a high level from 3.26 to 8.31 t/ha. To create the biomass, spring wheat plants absorbed nitrogen ranging from 78 kg N/ha in objects not fertilized to 184 kg N/ha in objects fertilized with the dose of 160 kg N/ha, and the share of nitrogen accumulated in the seeds amounted on average to 82% of the total uptake of that element. The highest N use efficiency, N physiological efficiency, N agronomic efficiency and N apparent recovery fraction were detected in objects fertilized with the dose of 40 kg N/ha. Each increase in the level of nitrogen fertilization affected lowering of the values of evaluated fertilization efficiency ratios.

scholarly journals Winter pasture and cover crops and their effects on soil and summer grain crops

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Anibal de Moraes ◽  
Adelino Pelissari ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
The North ◽  
Oilseed Radish

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter land use on the amount of residual straw, the physical soil properties and grain yields of maize, common bean and soybean summer crops cultivated in succession. The experiment was carried out in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, from May 2006 to April 2010. Five strategies of land use in winter were evaluated: intercropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch, without grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization (intercropping cover); the same intercropping, with grazing and 100 kg ha-1 of N per year topdressing (pasture with N); the same intercropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N); oilseed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (oilseed radish); and natural vegetation, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (fallow). Intercropping cover produces a greater amount of biomass in the system and, consequently, a greater accumulation of total and particulate organic carbon on the surface soil layer. However, land use in winter does not significantly affect soil physical properties related to soil compaction, nor the grain yield of maize, soybean and common bean cultivated in succession.

Analysis of the Influence of the Application of Effective Microorganisms on the Dynamics of Spring Wheat Emergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 684-693
Author(s):  
Anna Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Microbial Preparation

Deterioration of the natural environment as a result of violation of its natural structures and self-regulatory mechanisms causes an urgent need to replace chemicals with effective and multidirectional biopreparations. Reduction of the amount of chemicals used in agriculture becomes possible through the use of Effective Microorganisms. This will reduce the burden on the environment. Agriculture that uses EM technology can count on help with germination rates; emergence uniformity; and crop yields, for example. EM formulations contain a mixture of different coexisting microorganisms. The following paper presents the results of own research on the use of Effective Microorganisms in seed dressing of spring wheat. It was shown that the microbial preparation EM Naturally Active affects the increase of wheat seed germination dynamics.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root distribution of winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No, 7) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Svoboda ◽  
J. Haberle
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
N Treatment

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root length (RL) distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. The study was conducted in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozemic soil in the years 1996&ndash;2003. Two (N0, N1) and three (N0, N1, N2) treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg N/ha (N2) were studied in 1996&ndash;2000 and 2001&ndash;2003, respectively. Nitrogen rate 100 kg/ha had no effect on RL in soil layers (P &gt; 0.1) in years 1996&ndash;2000 and 2002&ndash;2003 and there was not significant interaction between N treatment and soil layer except for year 1998 (P &lt; 0.01). Nitrogen fertilization affected RL distribution significantly (P = 0.013) only in 2001 due to reduction of root growth in subsoil layers in treatment N2 (200 kg N/ha) in comparison with N0 and N1. The effect of N fertilization on total RL in rooted soil volume was insignificant. There was a significant effect of year on total RL (P &lt; 0.01) but not of interaction of year and N treatment. Roots reached, with the exception of two years, the depth between 100 and 130 cm. Nitrogen fertilization (N1) had no effect (P = 0.59) on rooting depth (RD) in years 1996&ndash;2000 but there was a significant effect of interaction between year and N fertilization on RD (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.01). In the second experimental series (2001&ndash;2003) N fertilization rate 200 kg N/ha significantly reduced maximum RD (P &lt; 0.01) in comparison with N0 and N1. The year had highly significant effect on RD.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Kompos Sampah Dapur dan Taman dengan Bantuan Aktivator EM4

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Sri Hastuti ◽  
Tri Martini ◽  
Candra Purnawan ◽  
Abu Masykur ◽  
Atmanto Heru Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Effective Microorganism ◽  
Garden Waste

<p>Pembuatan kompos dari sampah dapur dan taman dengan bantuan <em>effective microorganism</em> (EM4) dan <em>microorganism local</em> (MOL) telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memanfaatkan sampah yang ada di sekitar untuk dijadikan barang yang lebih berguna.  EM4 merupakan kultur campuran dari mikroorganisme yang menguntungkan yang mengandung mikroorganisme fermentasi dan sintetik yang terdiri dari bakteri Asam Laktat (<em>Lactobacillus Sp</em>), bakteri Fotosentetik (<em>Rhodopseudomonas Sp</em>), <em>Actinomycetes Sp</em>, <em>Streptomyces Sp</em> dan Yeast (ragi) dan Jamur pengurai selulose. Bahan ini membantu fermentasi bahan organik tanah menjadi senyawa organik yang mudah diserap oleh akar tanaman.  Proses pembuatan kompos dilakukan dengan mencampurkan sampah dapur dan taman dengan penambahan EM4. Proses fermentasi dilakukan variasi waktu 10, 14, 21, 26 dan 32 hari. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama fermentasi kompos yang dihasilkan semakin baik dimana daun telah hancur berubah bentuk seperti tanah.</p><p><strong><em>Kitchen and Garden Waste Composting using EM4 Activator. </em></strong><em>Composting of kitchen and garden waste with the help of effective microorganisms (EM4) and microorganism local (MOL) has been carried out. The purpose of this activity is to use the waste to become more useful items. EM4 is a mixed culture of beneficial microorganisms. This material contains microorganisms consisting of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus Sp), photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas Sp), Actinomycetes Sp, Streptomyces Sp, and yeast, and cellulose-decomposing fungi. This activator helps break down soil organic matter into organic compounds that are easily absorbed by plant roots. The composting was done by mixing kitchen and garden waste with the addition of EM4 and MOL. The fermentation process was carried out in variations of 10, 14, 21, 26, and 32 days. The results showed that the longer the fermentation time the better the compost was produced indicating by the leaves had crumbled into shape like the soil.</em></p>

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization recommendation for corn cultivated under no-tillage

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 762-768
Author(s):  
Helton de S. Silva ◽  
Adailson P. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer Recovery ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
N Requirement

ABSTRACT The amount of nitrogen (N) suggested for corn crop must meet its demand, maximizing yield and minimizing losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the recommendation of N fertilization for corn grown under no-tillage, using the method that considers the availability of N from the soil, the N requirement for the crop to reach the projected yield and the N-fertilizer recovery efficiency. The experiment consisted of four doses of N (0, 30, 70 and 95 kg ha-1), arranged in randomized blocks, with five repetitions. N stock of 4,357.90 kg ha-1 in the 0-20 cm soil layer provides corn plants with 52.83 kg of N ha-1, corresponding to a mineralization coefficient of 1.2%. The N-fertilizer recovery efficiency and the harvest index show a progressive linear increase according to N doses. In projections of yields lower than 1,000 kg ha-1, N fertilization is not necessary; however, in corn cultivation under no-tillage aiming at yield above 5,000 kg ha-1, fertilization needs to be performed with doses above 100 kg of N ha-1.

scholarly journals The Effect of Genotype, Climatic Conditions and Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Grain Protein Content of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozalia KADAR ◽  
Leon MUNTEAN ◽  
Ionut RACZ ◽  
Andreea ONA ◽  
Adrian CECLAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
High Dose

Cultivation of spring wheat varieties has expanded into areas with abundant winters where winter wheat is not suitable. Due to lack of research in Romania regarding the influence of different factors on hard red spring wheat, the present study aimed at a better understanding of the influence of genotype, climatic conditions and nitrogen fertilization on the spring wheat yield and quality, and to analyse the correlations between grain yield and grain protein content. Experiences were conducted from 2015 to 2018 on two levels of N fertilization (50 and 100 kg ha-1) at Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda. Biological material consisted of 19 genotypes, four of local origin and fifteen of foreign origin, from three different varieties (ferrugineum, lutescens, erythrospermum). The results indicate that the three experimental years were more important in the interactions with the genotypes than was the N fertilization, for both yield and protein content. The most productive cultivars with good stability were ‘Feeling’ and ‘SG 5-01’, and the most valuable varieties regarding the protein content were ‘Pădureni’, ‘Corso’ and ‘GK Tavasz’. A high dose of N assured a high yield and good quality for all cultivars. Although negative correlations were found between production and protein content in HRSW, there were found cultivars that show positive regressions of protein content, such as ‘Pădureni’, ‘Feeling’ and ‘Lona’.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Heterosis of Algerian Saharan Maize Populations (Zea mays L.) for Tolerance to No-Nitrogen Fertilization and Drought

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Meriem Riache ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Oula Maafi ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
Abderahmane Djemel
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Base Material ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Maize Populations

Drought and low nitrogen are major stresses for maize (Zea mays L.), and maize populations from the Sahara Desert are potential sources of stress tolerance. The objectives were to assess the tolerance and varietal and heterosis effects of Algerian populations under no-nitrogen fertilization and water stress. A diallel among six Algerian maize population was evaluated under drought (300 mm irrigation) vs. control (600 mm) and no-nitrogen fertilization vs. 120 kh ha−1 N fertilization. Genotypes showed significant differences and genetic effects for water- and nitrogen-stress tolerance. We propose a reciprocal recurrent selection to take advantage of additive and non-additive effects, using AOR and IGS, since they showed good performance in optimum and stress conditions, for improving yield heterosis for AOR × IGS. Negative effects are not expected on plant height, anthesis–silking interval or early vigor. These populations and BAH could be sources of inbred lines tolerant to drought and no-nitrogen fertilization. There was no relationship between origin and genetic group and stress tolerance per se or as parents of tolerant crosses. These populations and crosses could be used as base material among Algerian populations, for breeding programs focusing on tolerance to water or nitrogen stress.

scholarly journals Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization to Reach the Maximum Grain and Stover Yields of Maize (Zea mays L.): Tendency Modeling

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Medina-Cuéllar ◽  
Deli N. Tirado-González ◽  
Marcos Portillo-Vázquez ◽  
Sergio Orozco-Cirilo ◽  
Marco A. López-Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quadratic Models

Utilization of maize stover to the production of meat and milk and saving the grains for human consumption would be one strategy for the optimal usage of resources. Variance and tendency analyses were applied to find the optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization dose (0, 100, 145, 190, 240, and 290 kg/ha) for forage (F), stover (S), cob (C), and grain (G) yields, as well as the optimal grain-to-forage, cob-to-forage, and cob-to-stover ratios (G:F, C:F, and C:S, respectively). The study was performed in central Mexico (20.691389° N and −101.259722° W, 1740 m a.m.s.l.; Cwa (Köppen), 699 mm annual precipitation; alluvial soils). N-190 and N-240 improved the individual yields and ratios the most. Linear and quadratic models for CDM, GDM, and G:F ratio had coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.20–0.46 (p < 0.03). Cubic showed R2 = 0.30–0.72 (p < 0.02), and the best models were for CDM, GDM, and the G:F, C:F, and C:S DM ratios (R2 = 0.60–0.72; p < 0.0002). Neither SHB nor SDM negatively correlated with CDM or GDM (r = 0.23–0.48; p < 0.0001). Excess of N had negative effects on forage, stover, cobs, and grains yields, but optimal N fertilization increased the proportion of the G:F, C:F, and C:S ratios, as well as the SHB and SDM yields, without negative effects on grain production.

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