scholarly journals The effect of the same microbial products on basic biological activities of soil under cereal crops  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Gałązka Anna ◽  
Gawryjołek Karolina ◽  
Kocoń Anna
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbial Products

The aim of this research was a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of using three preparations which improve soil fertility and yield of plants. Field tests with microbial products: EM (effective microorganisms), EmFarma Plus and UG<sub>max</sub> were carried out in the Agricultural Research Centre in Grabowo, Poland. The experimental plants were: spring triticale, spring barley and winter wheat. Bioproducts were applied directly into stubble or straw left in the field after harvesting grain and straw with an addition of nitrogen and were compared against control treatments, without the use of the above preparations. The implied treatments are determined for soil biological activity and the basic chemical properties of the soil. The microbiological tests showed a statistically significant difference between the control treatments and treatments with EM and UG<sub>max</sub> preparations (a statistically significant increase in microbial biomass and activity of dehydrogenases). Analysis of principal component analysis (PCA) explained 52.54% of the variation and separated the three groups: I (UG<sub>max</sub>), II (EM) and III (control and EmFarma Plus). It was found that the average yield of triticale grains was approximately only by 4% higher in treatments where EM and EmFarma Plus were applied, while in treatments with UG<sub>max</sub>, triticale yielded at control level.  

scholarly journals Divergence analysis of drought tolerant Genotypes of Wheat (Triticum astivum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-396
Author(s):  
MA Zaman ◽  
MNA Siddquie ◽  
M Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
MY Abida ◽  
MJ Islam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Component Loading

Thirty genotypes of wheat were grown in an Alpha Lattice Design with three replications for evaluation and divergence analysis. Seeds were sown on 24 November 2011 at Regional Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Shyampur, Rajshahi. Significant variation was observed among the genotypes and these are grouped into six clusters. Clusters III and VI were comprised of maximum number of genotypes (6) followed by clusters I, IV, and V with 5 genotypes and the minimum genotypes (3) were in cluster II. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between the Cluster VI and Cluster II followed by cluster III and Cluster II, which indicates that genotypes belonging to these distant clusters could be used in hybridization programme for getting a wide spectrum of variation among the segregates. The minimum intercluster distance was found between the Cluster IV and Cluster I followed by that of Cluster V and Cluster IV. The maximum intra-cluster distance was recorded in Cluster II, consisted of three genotypes of diverse origin followed by Cluster V consisting of five genotypes which indicated that the genotypes of these clusters might have considerable diversity among themselves. While the minimum distance was computed in Cluster I composed of five genotypes which indicated that these genotypes were genetically very close to each other. Considering the eigenvalues of all principal component analysis the PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5 with values contributed 30.78%, 20.11%, 17.75%, 10.93%, and 7.63%, respectively, of the total variation. The results revealed from the present study that the first principal component had high positive component loading from grains/spike and high negative loading from grain yield. Considering the clusters mean value, the genotype of Cluster II and VI are most divergent and maximum heterosis and wide variability in genetic architecture may be expected from the crosses between the genotypes belonged to these clusters. More specifically the cluster II could be selected for dwarf in nature, early heading and maturity and bold grain size. The genotypes from the cluster IV could be selected for maximum spikes/m2 and maximum grain yield. The positive value of both vectors for days to heading and spikes/m2 indicated that these traits had the highest contribution towards divergence among the 30 drought tolerant wheat genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21982 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 385-396, September 2014

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Processing Attributes at Holetta, Central Highlands of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Seid Hussen ◽  
Wassu Mohammed Ali ◽  
Tessfaye Abebe Desta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Qualitative Traits

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a versatile crop and a source of inexpensive energy in the human diet in many countries. It can be used as fresh products and commercially processed foods such as French fries and chips. Potato varieties development research previously conducted in Ethiopia related to processing quality were limited in their scope of quality parameters. This experiment was conducted at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia during the main crop season of 2017. Twenty-four potato genotypes were evaluated for 23 quantitative and six qualitative traits in randomized complete block design with three replications to determining the nature and magnitude of common genetic diversity and to screen out genetically diverse parents by using cluster and principal component analysis. The first eight principal components accounted for 90.26% of the observed variations among 24 potato genotypes. The first three PC accounted for 60.43% of the variation. The genetic distances among the 24 potato genotypes ranged from 3.40 to 11.80 and the genotypes were grouped into eight clusters based on quantitative and qualitative traits. Cluster II consisted of 25%, Cluster IV, I, III contained 20.83%, 16.67% and 12.5% of genotypes, respectively, while Cluster VI, VII and VIII each consisted of one genotype. In conclusion, genotypes grouped under Cluster II and VIII worth further evaluation to obtain genotypes with highest total tuber yield, the specific gravity of tuber, dry matter content, total starch content, acceptable tuber physical and frying quality with other desirable traits.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Antioxidant Evaluation of Essential Oil from Eugenia uniflora L., Curzerene-Rich, Thermally Produced in Situ

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile S. da Costa ◽  
Adenilson S. Barroso ◽  
Rosa Helena V. Mourão ◽  
Joyce Kelly R. da Silva ◽  
José Guilherme S. Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Significant Difference

The essential oil of Eugenia uniflora has been attributed anti-depressive, antinociceptive, antileishmanial, larvicidal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. It is known that the cultivation of this plant can be affected by seasonality, promoting alteration in the oil composition and its biological activities. This study aims to perform the annual evaluation of the curzerene-type oil of E. uniflora and determine its antioxidant activity. The oil yield from the dry season (1.4 ± 0.6%) did not differ statistically from that of the rainy season (1.8 ± 0.8%). Curzerene, an oxygenated sesquiterpene, was the principal constituent, and its percentage showed no significant difference between the two periods: dry (42.7% ± 6.1) and rainy (40.8 ± 5.9%). Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses presented a high level of similarity between the monthly samples of the oils. Also, in the annual study, the yield and composition of the oils did not present a significant correlation with the climatic variables. The antioxidant activity of the oils showed inhibition of DPPH radicals with an average value of 55.0 ± 6.6%. The high curzerene content in the monthly oils of E. uniflora suggests their potential for use as a future phytotherapeutic alternative.

scholarly journals Volatile components obtained from oolong teas and preliminary evaluation on consumer preferences for these products

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Thanh Hai Phan Thi ◽  
To Quynh Cung Thi ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Consumer Preference Analysis

Six types of oolong tea products from four different regions were investigated. Their volatile&nbsp;components were obtained by Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) method and analyzed by GC &ndash;&nbsp;MS. Results showed that hexanal (ranged from 1.08-1.52%), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (0.55-4.30%),&nbsp;(Z)-linalool oxide (5.44-17.95%), (E)-linalool oxide (4.86-12.13%), linalool (1.23-8.26%), epoxylinalool (0.80-1.16%) and methyl salicylate (0.70-2.51%) could be identified as the major compounds&nbsp;of all six tea products. These products were also classified into 3 groups based on their volatile compositions by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. The consumer preference analysis (n =&nbsp;84) showed a significant difference in odor preference levels of these products. &nbsp;

scholarly journals AMMI BIPLOT ANALYSIS OF GRAIN YIELD PERFORMANCES OF TEF (ERAGROSTIS TEF [ZUCC.] TROTTER) VARIETIES ACROSS DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF SOUTH AND SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
TEGEGN BELETE ◽  
KEBEBEW ASSEFA ◽  
SENTAYEHU ALAMEREW
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify high yielding and stable tef varieties across different locations of South and Southwestern part of Ethiopia. Methods: The experiment was conducted using 21 tef varieties obtained from a tef breeding program based at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center. The trial was laid out using a randomized complete block design with three replications at six locations during the 2018 cropping season. Data for all relevant agronomic traits were collected, but only plot yield data converted to kg/ha was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The results of combined analysis of variance for grain yield of 21 tef varieties across six locations revealed that there is a highly significant difference among the locations, genotypes, and interaction effects with the contributions of 67.4, 8.1, and 17.8% of sum of squares, respectively. Analysis of variance of AMMI model revealed the two interaction principal component analysis (IPCA1 and IPCA2) were highly significant according to Gollob’s test and accounted for 42.8 and 20.6% of variance, respectively. Conclusion: Based on AMMI Biplot analysis, Ambo location could be the representative area among tested locations to determine the tef varieties and the variety Heber-1 (G11) and Dukem (G15) were recommendable for broad adaptation since they were stable and high yielding across locations.

Impact of land quality on land productivity trends in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Tóth ◽  
Eva Ivits ◽  
Annamária Laborczi ◽  
János Mészáros ◽  
Brigitta Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Productivity Indicators

&lt;p&gt;A study was performed to assess the trends of productivity on land with different land quality to derive land performance indicators. &amp;#160;&amp;#8220;Performance&amp;#8221; of the productivity in this context means the local productivity in a given period as compared to the range of productivity levels measured from land units with similar properties within the whole are of the assessment (Ivits and Cherlet 2016, Sims 2017). Land quality is indicated by the potential productivity of agricultural land in Hungary. In this study we used actual biomass productivity indicators based on EEA (2020) and land productivity indicators based on T&amp;#243;th et al (2018). The Plant Phenology Index (PPI) as proposed by Jin and Eklundh (2014) was used to define trends in actual productivity of terrestrial vegetation for the whole agricultural land of Hungary. The 100 m resolution national spatial dataset of land productivity (T&amp;#243;th et al. 2018) is based biophysical land properties, ie. soil, terrain and climatic properties. The study covered the whole grassland and cropland areas of Hungary and concerned the period of 17 years between 2000 and 2016, inclusive. The procedure to identify performance, which takes biophysical land quality information into account corresponds to the Good Practice Guidelines of CSIRO/UNCCD (Sims et al. 2017). The land quality (land capability) map was used to assess the Performance of land units in comparison to the potential of lands with similar properties.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study reveals that declining vegetation production is equally experienced in all capability classes of croplands, affecting 0.7-2% of the land areas of the capability classes, marginal, average, good and very good. On the other hand increased production is seen in higher shares of marginal land (15% of marginal croplands and 14% of marginal grasslands) and on that of average capability (9,5% and 17.7% in croplands and grasslands respectively), while increasing productivity is limited to 2,6-6,1% of good quality land. This significant difference between the areal extent of low and high quality land where productivity increase is measured suggest that differences in natural fertility of soil is offset by improving climatic conditions. Management factors may play less important role, as forest and grassland areas &amp;#8211; which are less intensively managed in Hungary &amp;#8211; show a general trend of increasing productivity in around 20 % of their total area too. Increasing productivity is less widespread on more productive land, which can be explained by the favourable soil properties including good water management, which can secure high production also in years with less precipitation. Similar argumentation can hold also for good quality grasslands.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The current study, taking also a soil-based indicator into account is a step to a direction for including meaningful biophysical indicators to degradation assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was conducted by the Institute of Soil Sciences of the Agricultural Research Centre in the frame of service contract with the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;

Evaluation of Nurse Crops for Weed Control and Plant Establishment in Prairie Restoration

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 485b-485
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Barry ◽  
Michael N. Dana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nurse Crops ◽  
Partridge Pea ◽  
Prairie Plant

Nurse crops are often recommended in prairie restoration planting. This work investigated several alternative nurse crops to determine their utility in prairie planting. Nurse crops were composed of increasing densities (900, 1800, or 2700 seeds/m2) of partridge pea, spring oats, spring barley, Canada wild rye, or equal mixtures of partridge pea and one of the grasses. The experimental design was a randomized complete-block set in two sites with three blocks per site and 48 treatments per block. Each 3 × 3-m plot contained 1 m2 planted in Dec. 1995 or Mar. 1996 with an equal mix of seven prairie species. The nurse crops were sown over each nine square meter area in April 1996. Plots lacking nurse crops served as controls. Evaluated data consisted of weed pressure rankings and weed and prairie plant dry weight. Nurse crop treatments had a significant effect on weed pressure in both sites. Barley (1800 and 2700 seeds/m2) as well as partridge pea + barley (2700 seeds/m2) were most effective at reducing weed pressure. When weed and prairie plant biomass values were compared, a significant difference was observed for site quality and planting season. Prairie plant establishment was significantly greater in the poorly drained, less-fertile site and spring-sown plots in both sites had significantly higher prairie biomass values. Overall, after two seasons, there was no advantage in using nurse crops over the control. Among nurse crop treatments, oats were most effective in reducing weed competition and enhancing prairie plant growth.

scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

scholarly journals Snail mucus from the mantle and foot of two land snails, Lissachatina fulica and Hemiplecta distincta, exhibits different protein profile and biological activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattaphop Noothuan ◽  
Kantamas Apitanyasai ◽  
Somsak Panha ◽  
Anchalee Tassanakajon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Objective Snails secrete different types of mucus that serve several functions, and are increasingly being exploited for medical and cosmetic applications. In this study, we explored the protein pattern and compared the biological properties of the mucus secreted from the mantle collar and foot of two snail species, Lissachatina fulica and Hemiplecta distincta. Result Protein profile showed a different pattern between the two species and between the two secretory parts. The mantle-specific protein bands were further characterized and among them was an antibacterial protein, achacin. Accordingly, the mucus from the mantle exhibited the higher antibacterial activity than that from the foot in both snail species. The mucus from H. distincta, first reported here, also showed antibacterial properties, but with a lower activity compared to that for L. fulica. Snail mucus also exhibited anti-tyrosinase activity and antioxidant activity but with no significant difference between the foot and mantle mucus. These results indicate some different protein compositions and biological activities of snail slime from the mantle and foot, which might be associated with their specific functions in the animal and are useful for medical applications.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Kynurenine Metabolism and Its Effect in Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Raul Castro-Portuguez ◽  
Samuel Freitas ◽  
George Sutphin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Nad Synthesis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kynurenine Metabolism

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent cancer in the liver. The majority of ingested tryptophan is processed in the liver through the kynurenine pathway, the endpoint of which is de novo NAD+ biosynthesis. Dysregulation of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and NAD+ synthesis may promote mitochondrial malfunction, tumor reprogramming, and carcinogenesis. Using a publicly available gene expression dataset from liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) samples available through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 371), we employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, gene-pattern expression profiling, and survival analysis to cluster patients and determine overall survival. Our analysis of genes encoding kynurenine pathway enzymes determined that patients with high QPRT expression had a poor prognosis with decreased median survival, with no effect on the maximum survival. There is a significant difference in the survival between patients with high QPRT expression relative to patients with high HAAO/AFMID expression (HR = 1.2, [95% CI 0.5-1.8] P = 0.0181, Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon Test). Patients with high QPRT expression have higher survival rates compared with low QPRT expression (HR = 1.4, [95% CI 0.9-2.2] P = 0.0344, Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon Test). To test the consequences of kynurenine-pathway inhibition in mitochondrial function and morphology we use 4-Cl-3HAA, an irreversible HAAO inhibitor, and observed a small increase in mitochondrial fragmentation in HepG2 cells after 24 hours of treatment. We conclude that kynurenine metabolism may be useful as a biomarker to predict patient prognosis among HCC patients. In ongoing work, we are testing QPRT inhibitors in cell culture as a potential adjuvant for chemotherapies.

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