The returns to scale analysis in the basic industry enterprises in the Slovak Republic

The analysis in field of the returns of scale is an important indicator which denotes if it is effective for the analyzed companies to increase the input exploitation to expand the production program with the aim to reach higher profits than invested inputs. According to this reason, the objective of the research is the analysis of return to scale in the basic industry enterprises in the Slovak Republic. During the whole analysed period, there was estimated the most numerous group of companies which occurred in the area of decreasing returns to scale. This fact confirmed that the total input exploitation in agricultural companies is in a higher measure not profitable, because in comparison with production inputs, lower profits were reached. On the basis of these results, it is not possible to exactly estimate which inputs are indispensable to optimize (for a more specific estimation, it is necessary to apply the non-radial DEA methods), despite the fact that there was evidently confirmed the low measure of input profitability.

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THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FACTORS OF COMPETITIVENESS ON BUSINESS RISKS

Journal of Business Economics and Management ◽

10.3846/jbem.2020.13440 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1451-1465

Author(s):

Jan Dvorsky ◽

Tomas Kliestik ◽

Martin Cepel ◽

Zdenek Strnad

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Methods ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Business Environment ◽

Competitive Environment ◽

Business Risk ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Enterprise Risk ◽

Statistical Hypotheses ◽

The Impact

The impact of significant competition factors on the riskiness of business risk in the SMEs sector in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. The empirical research was constructed on the basis a questionnaire. The attitudes from 641 entrepreneurs from two countries were collected during the year 2018. The statistical hypotheses were evaluated using quantitative methods. The multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the impact of the competitive environment and of the narrow business environment on the perception of the riskiness of business risk according to entrepreneurs. The conclusions ofthe research showed an interesting finding. The authors found that the competitive environment, as well as the narrower business environment, affects the perception of the riskiness of business risk. It has also been shown that my customers accept the prices of my products and services. This is the most important indicator of a competitive environment. The most important indicator of a narrower business environment is that my customers support me in doing business. The authors believe that the article has brought several interesting findings and new incentives for the further research and discussion regarding to the perception of enterprise risk not only in the selected countries this research.

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The Lifelong Learning in the Field of Employment Policy in Slovakia

Acta Technologica Dubnicae ◽

10.1515/atd-2015-0003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mária Hužovičová ◽

Peter Jakúbek

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

European Union ◽

Lifelong Learning ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

The European Union ◽

Employment Policy ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Current State

AbstractThe rate of employment (or vice versa the rate of unemployment) is an important indicator of economic maturity and quality of life in a particular country. Compared to other countries of the European Union, unemployment in the Slovak Republic is a serious problem. Improving the quality and the efficiency of Slovak educational institutions can be one of the ways how to struggle with this problem. The Slovak economy has been transformed from planned economy to market economy, and, therefore, retraining, re-educations and improvement (in the field of industry and services) have been required. The Institute of Lifelong Learning is very helpful in this field. The article deals with shortcomings of the Institute of Lifelong Learning and it points out the reality leading to drawbackks. It also concerns the following possibilities, which might improve the current situation. In a theoretical analysis of the current state, we define the basic terms and problems in this field.

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The Influence of Competitiveness on Start-up in SMES Segment

E+M Ekonomie a Management ◽

10.15240/tul/001/2021-1-007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 102-117

Author(s):

Ján Dvorský ◽

Martin Čepel ◽

Mihaela Simionescu ◽

Pavol Ďurana

Keyword(s):

Slovak Republic ◽

Business Environment ◽

Competitive Environment ◽

Important Indicator ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Business Goals ◽

Scientific Hypothesis ◽

Start Up ◽

The Relationship

The paper aims to identify important factors for competitiveness (CF – Competitive environment, FF – Narrower business environment), which impact start-up in a segment of SMEs. In regards to the defined aim, survey-based research was conducted with enterprises operating in the SME segment. Three 312 enterprises in the Czech Republic and 329 enterprises in the Slovak Republic were approached during this research. The multiple linear regression was used: (a) to quantify the relationship between the variables, (b) to identify the most critical indicator of QBE, and also to verify the scientific hypothesis. The competitive environment has a significant impact on the quality of the business environment in the SME segment. The authors found that the selected factors (CF and FF) were statistically significant. The competitive environment (CF) has a greater impact on the quality of the business environment than the narrower business environment (FF). Human capital represented by employees and the adequacy of supplier prices are indicators that have a significant impact on the quality of the business environment in the SME segment. The most critical CF indicator is that the suppliers of SMEs demand reasonable prices for their products and services. On the contrary, the least significant indicator is the intensity of competition in the sector. The most important indicator of a narrower business environment is the contribution of employees in achieving business goals. On the opposite, the least important indicator of a narrower business environment is the support of suppliers to meet the business goals of SMEs.

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Long-Term Analysis of Precipitation in Slovakia

Water ◽

10.3390/w13070952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 952

Author(s):

Adam Repel ◽

Martina Zeleňáková ◽

Vinayakam Jothiprakash ◽

Helena Hlavatá ◽

Peter Blišťan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Daily Precipitation ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Hydrological Drought ◽

Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽

Climate Change Research ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Average Annual Temperature ◽

The Impact

Precipitation and its development over time is an important indicator of climate change. Research on long-term precipitation totals is absent in the Slovak Republic. This paper deals with the statistical analysis of daily precipitation from 48 precipitation stations in Slovakia. The paper evaluates the spatial distribution of precipitation in Slovakia and also presents analyses of stationarity and trends using the Mann-Kendall test. Emphasis is placed especially on the evaluation of the trends in total annual precipitation, maximum daily precipitation and also the number of days without precipitation in the year. By evaluating the trends in these three indicators, it is possible to assess the impact of potential change in the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation on hydrological drought and floods. The results show that there are currently no significant changes in precipitation in Slovakia. The problem of floods and hydrological drought seems to be more complex and is mainly due to surface water drainage from the landscape and the change in its use in connection with the increase in the average annual temperature.

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Core Microbiome of Slovak Holstein Friesian Breeding Bulls’ Semen

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3331

Author(s):

Juraj Medo ◽

Jana Žiarovská ◽

Michal Ďuračka ◽

Eva Tvrdá ◽

Štefan Baňas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Core Microbiome ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Sequencing Strategy ◽

Microbial Groups

Bacterial contamination of semen is an important factor connected to the health status of bulls that may significantly affect semen quality for artificial insemination. Moreover, some important bovine diseases may be transmitted through semen. Up to now, only a very limited number of complex studies describing the semen microbiome of bulls have been published, as many bacteria are hard to cultivate using traditional techniques. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing strategy allows for the reliable identification of bacterial profiles of bovine semen together with the detection of noncultivable bacterial species. Fresh samples from Holstein Friesian breeding bulls (n = 55) were examined for the natural variability in the present bacteria. Semen doses were selected randomly from Slovak Biological Services in Nitra, Slovak Republic. The most predominant phyla within the whole dataset were Firmicutes (31%), Proteobacteria (22%), Fusobacteria (18%), Actinobacteria (13%) and Bacteroidetes (12%). Samples of semen were divided into two separate clusters according to their microbiome compositions using a cording partition around a medoids analysis. Microbiomes of the first cluster (CL1) of samples (n = 20) were based on Actinobacteria (CL1 average = 25%; CL = 28%) and Firmicutes (CL1 = 38%; CL2 = 27%), while the second cluster (CL2; n = 35) contained samples characterized by a high prevalence of Fusobacteria (CL1 = 4%; CL2 = 26%). Some important indicator microbial groups were differentially distributed between the clusters.

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Appraisal of the load of productive population by post-productive segment of population with the usage of SAS

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200654060007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Mária Belanová ◽

Zita Varacová

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Spatial Statistics ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Human Resources Development ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Spatial Aspect ◽

Random Location ◽

Resources Development

The load of productive population by post-productive segment is an important indicator of human resources development. Relating to spatial aspect of the mentioned indicator we have used the methods of spatial statistics. The means of SAS have appeared as very advantageous tool for this kind of analysis. The results confirm the random location of the investigating indicator on the space of Slovak Republic in the years of 1993, 1997 and 2000, too.

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Impact of the Economic Situation in the Slovak Republic on Performances of Railway Transport

Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering ◽

10.3311/pptr.11185 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 118-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jozef Danis ◽

Anna Dolinayova ◽

Lenka Cerna ◽

Vladislav Zitricky

Keyword(s):

Economic Performance ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Rail Transport ◽

The Other ◽

Living Standard ◽

Railway Transport ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Passenger Rail ◽

Transport Services ◽

Main Indicator

The paper deals with analysis of the development of performances in freight rail transport in comparison with the development of gross domestic product as the main indicator measuring the economic performance of the country and on the other hand the performances in passenger rail transport in relation to the development of the average monthly wage as one of the most important indicator characterizing the living standard. The change in demand for transport services is analyzed with respect to the change in the price of the ticket in passenger rail transport and also the change in the price for transport of one tonne of goods in freight rail transport.

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Benchmarking of Slovak Regions in Terms of Start-UP Implementation Indicators and Creative Potential Indicators

Marketing and Management of Innovations ◽

10.21272/mmi.2019.4-05 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 50-68

Author(s):

J. Pitekova ◽

M. Vrablikova

Keyword(s):

Institutional Environment ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

University Education ◽

Regional Innovation ◽

Creative Potential ◽

Potential Region ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Start Up ◽

Start Ups

Creative regions contribute to a higher standard of living, are attractive to start-ups, create new jobs, reduce brain drain and attract applicants for university education. The paper aims to compare selected indicators of implementation of start-ups and creative potential in the regions of Slovakia at NUTS 3 level and to quantify their mutual relationship. Benchmarking of 8 Slovak NUTS 3 level regions is based on 2 comparisons, namely: 6 indicators of start-ups implementation (frequency of start-ups, creation of radical innovations, employment in fast-growing companies, venture capital awareness, crowdfunding awareness and possibilities of counselling in the implementation of start-ups) and 6 indicators of creative potential (openness and diversity, human capital, cultural environment, technologies, institutional environment and creative outputs). Numerical values of these indicators are obtained from secondary research studies – e. g. modified Slovak Creative Index, Regional Innovation Scoreboard, Slovak Start-up Report and websites of innovation incubators and crowdfunding platforms. To obtain the true values of these criteria, the analysis of secondary data – desk research and the method of pairwise comparison with 91 respondents (students of Slovak universities of economic orientation with Slovak or Ukrainian nationality) was used to determine the real significance (weights) of the criteria. According to pairwise comparison, the most important indicator of start-up implementation is possibilities of counselling and the most important indicator of creative potential is creative outputs. Consequently, the relationship between the two comparisons is quantified. The global benchmark based on the implementation of start-ups is the Bratislava region, as well as in the case with creative potential. There is a strong correlation (85.5 %) between the scores of the compared regions. The final ranking of the 5 regions out of 8 in both comparisons is also the same. The theoretical contribution is extending of the issue of benchmarking from traditional understanding (products, services, processes) to spatial understanding (region). The main practical contribution of the paper is to identify the weaknesses of each of the compared regions through benchmarking. Its implementation can be the basis for the development of regional strategies and the introduction of new study programs at universities. Keywords: benchmarking, creative potential, region, Slovak Republic, Start-UP.

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Efficiency of Wood-Processing Enterprises—Evaluation Based on DEA and MPI: A Comparison between Slovakia and Bulgaria for the Period 2014–2018

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12081026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1026

Author(s):

Stanislava Krišťáková ◽

Nikolay Neykov ◽

Petar Antov ◽

Mariana Sedliačiková ◽

Roman Reh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Efficiency ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Returns To Scale ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Malmquist Productivity Index ◽

Productivity Index ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Wood Processing ◽

The Republic ◽

Constant Returns To Scale

The ongoing transition to a low-carbon, sustainable forest-based economy, and the adoption of circular bioeconomy principles in the wood-processing industry is associated with the optimization of natural resources, application of environmentally sustainable production technologies, adoption of technological and organizational innovations, and increased economic efficiency and competitiveness. The implementation of all these measures can help to reach the biggest challenge of our time in the fight against climate change in a cost-effective and competitive way. The aim of this study was to estimate the technical efficiency of wood-processing companies in the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Bulgaria by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index (MPI), and to reveal some factors for efficiency improvements. The economic efficiency evaluation based on official data was performed using selected indices of four wood-processing companies in each country in the period 2014–2018. The study implemented an output-oriented DEA model with constant returns to scale as a nonparametric linear approach for measuring the efficiency of production decision-making units (DMUs). The results obtained revealed that the studied Slovak companies were more efficient with better management in terms of machinery planning and overhead utilization. Markedly, the Bulgarian companies achieved better materials management and current planning quality. Increased economic efficiency of wood-processing enterprises in both countries can be realized through investments in innovative technological improvements, and enhanced research and development activities.

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