The Efficiency of the Modern Practice of Teaching the Critical Analysis of Historical Sources in Russian Teachers' Self-Assessments

2021 ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Olga M. Khlytina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Teachers ◽  
Functional Literacy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
The Subject

The article summarizes the results of an Internet survey of history teachers, in which 216 teachers from 31 regions of Russia took part. The author considers the development of the subject-oriented ability to work with historical sources in the context of the development of schoolchildren's functional literacy as a priority task of the modern Russian school. The aim of the study is to characterize the methodological ways of teaching schoolchildren the methods of analyzing historical sources dominant in teachers' work based on expert teachers' assessments of how well graduates of the 9th and 11th grades mastered the ability to critically analyze historical sources, identify their effectiveness, suggest options for improving mass teaching practice. The analysis of literature has shown that the ability to analyze historical sources is interpreted as the basis for the development of historical and critical thinking, a person's ability to independently cognize the past. Methodological science has substantiated various models of student analysis of historical sources based on the methodology of modern historical science and focused on the development of schoolchildren' subject and metasubject skills, functional literacy. At the same time, the results of the survey indicate that the vast majority of the teachers organize work with sources outside any system and sequence, and no more than once or twice during the term. Explaining the reasons for this, the teachers point to work overload, lack of high-quality didactic support of courses, and a low level of student learning. They also say they need advanced training in teaching schoolchildren to work with historical sources. The teachers note the low level of their students' mastery of the basic procedures for analyzing historical sources: according to the teachers' assessments, in 60-80% of classes in Russian schools, less than half of the students mastered the basic ability to “read” sources (extract explicit and implicit information). According to a third of the teachers, no more than 20% of their students are able to complete tasks on commenting on a historical source when a student, relying on knowledge of the context, begins to understand the past, think as historians think. Another quarter of the teachers indicated an interval of 30-40%. When working with sources, the dominant feature is the formation of historical knowledge, and the tasks of the students' learning the activity- and value-based components of educational historical knowledge are not solved effectively enough, which ultimately makes it difficult for students to achieve results in the subject and complicates the solution of the complex tasks of improving the quality of education that Russian education is faced with today.

scholarly journals Māori Urban Migrations and Identities, ‘Ko Ngā Iwi Nuku Whenua’: A study of Urbanisation in the Wellington Region during the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erin Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Migration Experiences

<p>Māori urbanisation and urban migrations have been the subject of much discussion and research, especially following World War Two when Māori individuals, whānau and communities increasingly became residents of towns and cities that were overwhelmingly Pākehā populated. However, Māori urbanisation experiences and urban migrations are difficult topics to address because kaumātua are reluctant to discuss ‘urban Māori’, especially considering its implications for Māori identities. The original contribution this thesis makes to histories of Māori urban migrations is that it explores these and other understandings of urbanisations to discover some of their historical influences. By discussing urbanisations directly with kaumātua and exploring historical sources of Māori living in, and moving to, the urban spaces of Wellington and the Hutt Valley through the twentieth century, this thesis is a ‘meeting place’ for a range of perspectives on the meanings of urbanisations from the past and the present. Although urbanisation was an incredible time of material change for the individuals and whānau who chose to move into cities such as Wellington, the histories of urban migration experiences exist within a scope of Māori and iwi worldviews that gave rise to multiple experiences and understandings of urbanisations. The Wellington region is used to show that Māori in towns and cities used Māori social and cultural forms in urban areas so that they could, through the many challenges of becoming urban-dwelling, ensure the persistence of their Māoritanga. Urbanisations also allowed Māori to both use traditional identities in urban areas, as well as develop new relationships modelled on kinship. The Ngāti Pōneke community is used as an example of the complex interactions between these identities and how many Māori became active residents in but not conceptually ‘of’ cities. As a result, the multiple and layered Māori identities that permeate throughout Māori experiences of the present and the past are important considerations in approaching and discussing urbanisations. Urban Māori communities have emphasised the significance of varied and layered Māori identities, and this became particularly pronounced through the Māori urban migrations of the twentieth century.</p>

scholarly journals Educar para una ciudadanía crítica: una investigación a partir de los usos y finalidades de la historia escolar

Panta Rei ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-237
Author(s):  
Néstor Banderas Navarro
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Teaching Position ◽  
Hybrid Teaching ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Didactic Strategies

En esta investigación se examinan los usos y finalidades de la historia en un instituto en relación a la formación ciudadana. El saber histórico tiene gran potencial crítico y permite adquirir criterios para actuar democráticamente. Se emplearán entrevistas semiestructuradas a dos docentes y cuestionarios y narrativas a su alumnado de 1.º y 4.º ESO. La investigación constata un posicionamiento docente híbrido, encontrando rasgos de modelos tradicionales en la enseñanza (el escaso tratamiento de temas controversiales), y críticos, como la creencia en el potencial transformador de la materia. En el alumnado se observarán posiciones objetivistas acerca del pasado, que conviven con ejemplos de mayor capacidad de agencia ante cuestiones actuales. La profundización en estrategias didácticas que aborden la educación política desde la historia redundará en la adquisición de habilidades y actitudes para vivir en democracia. This research examines the uses and purposes of history in a high school in relation to citizen training. Historical knowledge has great criticism potential and allows acquiring criteria to act democratically. Semi-structured interviews with two teachers and questionnaires and narratives will be used for students in 1st and 4th ESO. The research shows a hybrid teaching position, finding traits of traditional models in teaching (the scarce treatment of controversial topics), and critics, such as the belief in the transformative potential of the subject. In the students, objectivist positions about the past will be observed, which coexist with examples of greater agency capacity in the face of current issues. The deepening of didactic strategies that address political education from History will result in the acquisition of skills and attitudes to live in democracy.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL REALITY IN THE LIGHT OF CONSTRUCTIVISM

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
R.Yu. Rakhmatullin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Valid Argument ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Radical Constructivism ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Constructive Realism ◽  
The Past

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the thesis «historical reality as a narrative». The relevance of the article determines the place of historical knowledge as the most important ideological tool formalizing the national and civilian identity. The originality of the article lies in an attempt to find a middle ground between radical constructivism and realism whilst explaining the phenomenon of «historical reality». Research methodology — constructivism. This methodology leads to following results: 1. Historical reality is always a construct that has an author with his political, moral, religious or other beliefs. Based on this, it should be taken into consideration that other researchers establish different and even alternative historical realities. Therefore, the story will remain as a multitude of competing stories. 2. The reference to historical facts as a proof meaning the correspondence of the narrative to the described event is not a valid argument. There are the following reasons for this: a) any story originated in the past is limited to a certain number of facts. Meanwhile, there are always some unknown facts that can significantly change the picture of historical reality; b) historical reality made of fact selection depends on the researcher and the goals he pursues; c) falsification of facts is often used in historical sources. 3. Every honest researcher creates his own narrative out of real-life events and characters, which makes it possible to assert his objectivity and the incorrectness of the radical constructivism methodology. But even the most honest researcher has personality traits that can be reflected on his work, which gives grounds to claim that realism is wrong. Therefore, the truth still lies somewhere in the middle and being represented by moderate constructivism or constructive realism.

scholarly journals Development of Historical Thought in Primary Education: Analysis of an Intervention in Colombian Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 93-115
Author(s):  
Nancy Palacios Mena ◽  
◽  
Paula Bibiana García Cardona ◽  
María Lucía Mosquera ◽  
Natalia Alarcon Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Historical Thinking ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Pedagogical Intervention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Better Than

The main goal of this study was to analyze the development of historical thinking abilities in two groups of fourth graders in Colombian schools. The study consisted of the design, implementation, and evaluation of a three-month pedagogical intervention. After an initial assessment, nine learning activities were implemented. An Intervention Group (IG) received the intervention, while a Control Group (CG) served as a comparison. The assessment comprised three main areas (Historical Sources, Narratives, and Change and Continuity). The results of the intervention indicated that the IG performed better than the CG in the assessment. Introducing concepts that favor historical thinking development such as working with historical sources, identifying change and continuity, and constructing narratives, seems to promote the construction of historical knowledge in a complex way. Pedagogical interventions focused on the development of these concepts provide information on the progression of learning and the ability of children to understand the past.

Theoretical Approaches to Inflation Expectation Management Justification in Today’s Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Ilya Gurov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Environment ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Inflation Expectation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflation Forecasts ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Expectation Management ◽  
The Subject

Inflation expectations significantly influence economic environment. During the past decades there was high and unstable inflation and systematic excess and mismatch between actual inflation and official forecasts in Russia. At present economic agents have low level of trust in official inflation forecasts. The subject of the research are inflation expectations in Russia. The aim of the research is to justify the possibility of inflation expectation management provision in Russia. The article shows that currently, nowadays inflation expectations are predominantly adaptive in Russia. Nevertheless, inflation reduction and stabilization in 2011-2013 can become the basis for inflation expectations anchor provision and perceived inflation uncertainty minimization.

scholarly journals PERGESERAN MAKNA MITOS NILAI SPIRITUAL KEBUDAYAAN ONDEL-ONDEL PADA KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT BETAWI ZAMAN DAHULU DAN ZAMAN SEKARANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-121
Author(s):  
Lazizah Akmaliyah ◽  
Zahratul Jannah Zulfa ◽  
Nikmah Rochmawati
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Myths ◽  
The People ◽  
Sacred Object ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Shifts

Ondel-ondel is a cultural performance of the Betawi people passed down from generation to generation. However, the problem that occurs is that along with the development of the era, ondel-ondel is no longer a sacred object and is no longer used for ritual offerings and the loss of cultural values of the ancestors. The purpose of making this journal is to find out the shift in the meaning of the ondel-ondel cultural myth to the beliefs of the people of Jakarta. The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach and data collection techniques use interview techniques, observation and analysis of various journals or literature studies. The subject of this research was conducted on 4 people, namely a number of the Jakarta community about their views on the shift in the meaning of the myth of ondel-ondel art. In this day and age, ondel-ondel shows are very easy to find, especially on roadside areas in Jakarta. Unlike the old days, ondel-ondel was only displayed when there were certain events such as a traditional Betawi wedding. The result of this research is that there are differences and shifts in the meaning of ondel-ondel cultural myths. In ancient times ondel-ondel was only displayed during certain events. And people in ancient times tend to still believe in the existing ondel-ondel cultural myths. Unlike the current era, ondel-ondel is used as a means of getting money. The benefit of this research is to find out what values have been lost from previous cultures and be able to take good positive values taught in previous cultures without taking the negative values found in the past culture. It is enough to make historical knowledge to remember existing history. This study concludes that there has been a shift in meaning in the myth of ondel-ondel culture and sadly it occurs due to the pressure of economic factors.

scholarly journals Māori Urban Migrations and Identities, ‘Ko Ngā Iwi Nuku Whenua’: A study of Urbanisation in the Wellington Region during the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erin Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Migration Experiences

<p>Māori urbanisation and urban migrations have been the subject of much discussion and research, especially following World War Two when Māori individuals, whānau and communities increasingly became residents of towns and cities that were overwhelmingly Pākehā populated. However, Māori urbanisation experiences and urban migrations are difficult topics to address because kaumātua are reluctant to discuss ‘urban Māori’, especially considering its implications for Māori identities. The original contribution this thesis makes to histories of Māori urban migrations is that it explores these and other understandings of urbanisations to discover some of their historical influences. By discussing urbanisations directly with kaumātua and exploring historical sources of Māori living in, and moving to, the urban spaces of Wellington and the Hutt Valley through the twentieth century, this thesis is a ‘meeting place’ for a range of perspectives on the meanings of urbanisations from the past and the present. Although urbanisation was an incredible time of material change for the individuals and whānau who chose to move into cities such as Wellington, the histories of urban migration experiences exist within a scope of Māori and iwi worldviews that gave rise to multiple experiences and understandings of urbanisations. The Wellington region is used to show that Māori in towns and cities used Māori social and cultural forms in urban areas so that they could, through the many challenges of becoming urban-dwelling, ensure the persistence of their Māoritanga. Urbanisations also allowed Māori to both use traditional identities in urban areas, as well as develop new relationships modelled on kinship. The Ngāti Pōneke community is used as an example of the complex interactions between these identities and how many Māori became active residents in but not conceptually ‘of’ cities. As a result, the multiple and layered Māori identities that permeate throughout Māori experiences of the present and the past are important considerations in approaching and discussing urbanisations. Urban Māori communities have emphasised the significance of varied and layered Māori identities, and this became particularly pronounced through the Māori urban migrations of the twentieth century.</p>

scholarly journals MYTHOLOGEME OF THE PICTURE OF SOCIO-HISTORICAL REALITY IN THE PARADIGM OF N. HARTMAN’S ONTOLOGICAL EPISTEMOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
А.G. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

The article actualizes the issues related to determining the status of historical knowledge in the paradigm of rational culture. History, involved by a person in the process of organizing a picture of reality, is endowed with other qualities than it has objectively. The mythologeme that arises as a result of the synthesis of the known and the assumed becomes one of the attributes of historical knowledge, the function of which is to combine the images of the past with the cultural paradigm of the present. Mythologeme is defined not as an arbitrary reaction of the subject, caused by an excess of his imagination, but as a consequence of the processes of adaptation of historical information to the corresponding type of culture.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

Disciplining Polenta: A Parody on the Politics of Saving Food

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zachary Nowak ◽  
Bradley M. Jones ◽  
Elisa Ascione
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

This article begins with a parody, a fictitious set of regulations for the production of “traditional” Italian polenta. Through analysis of primary and secondary historical sources we then discuss the various meanings of which polenta has been the bearer through time and space in order to emphasize the mutability of the modes of preparation, ingredients, and the social value of traditional food products. Finally, we situate polenta within its broader cultural, political, and economic contexts, underlining the uses and abuses of rendering foods as traditional—a process always incomplete, often contested, never organic. In stirring up the past and present of polenta and placing it within both the projects of Italian identity creation and the broader scholarly literature on culinary tradition and taste, we emphasize that for so-called traditional foods to be saved, they must be continually reinvented.

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