scholarly journals The Parametrization of the Database of Common and Occasional Feminitives

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-72
Author(s):  
Marina A. Lappo ◽  
◽  
Natalia I. Malinivskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Emotional Evaluation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Cultural Components ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This study analyzes the experience of compiling a new type of dictionaries – electronic lexicographic databases on the basis of the corpus of common and occasional feminitives (feminine-gendered words) in the speech of modern native Russian language speakers. The theoretical basis of the work is the idea of the integral nature of the lexical meaning (G.N. Sklyarevskaya). The material was taken from the traditional explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, the Russian National Corpus, the Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary of the Russian Language database, the Explanatory Dictionary of Children’s Innovations by T.A. Gridina, and media materials. The database of common and occasional feminitives is an extension of the Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary of the Russian Language database (http://spml.ipmip.nspu.ru). The key principle of this database is the synthesis of the Russian lexicographic traditions (a clear zonal division of the dictionary entry) and the detailed fixation of such pragmatic zones of lexical meaning as emotional evaluation, ideological, gender, age, social status, national and cultural components. The analysis of the specifics of the lexicographic interpretation of a group of words with the meaning of femininity in the dynamic and semantic-pragmatic aspects makes it possible to clarify some parameters of this database in relation to the corresponding thematic fragment of the dictionary. Thus, it has been established that the thematic group of feminitives that designate the sphere of activity of a female person is characterized by active development both due to the appearance of new lexemes and neoderivation, and due to dynamic processes in the sphere of their semantics. Native speakers, when using feminitives more freely than when using words from other thematic groups, load them with a wide variety of emotive and evaluative meanings (from neutral or approving to sharply derogatory meanings), attribute polar rules for their application (from “must use” to “completely refuse”). Lexicographic studies have shown that traditional explanatory dictionaries also inconsistently reflect the names of female persons in general or individual components of their lexical meanings. The above said makes it necessary to create a special database of common and occasional feminitives, which can solve the problem of fixing the pragmatic zone of the lexical meaning of the word, serve as a model in the lexicographic consolidation of the words of other thematic groups with moving and polar connotations. This article argues that in relation to the thematic group of feminitives, indicating the field of activity of a female person, such parameters of lexicographic fixation should be used as the fact of fixation in traditional dictionaries, the presence of lexicalsemantic variants of the word, the denotative and connotative zone of the lexical meaning, the connotative markers of actualization of components and/or methods of their neutralization, the stylistic scope of the unit, the presence of derivational and other variants.

scholarly journals On Adjectival Attributives Blood, Direct, Peaceful as Components of Archaic Nominations of Friends

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Spiritual Intimacy ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Over Time ◽  
National Corpus

The article discusses the changes in collocability of the word friend over time. It notes that the works by A.S. Pushkin contain the forms, unexpected for the perception of the native speakers of the modern Russian language: blood friends, direct friend, peaceful friends. The analysis of the specified attributive combinations is carried out applying definitional, contextual, linguocultural analysis methods. The text material from the National Corpus of the Russian language is used. It is proved that the expression "blood friends" could denote "people connected by strong friendship" and "people of the same class". Physical kinship criterion has been proved to serve as a basis for cognitive understanding of spiritual intimacy and social class identification. However, the connection between primary and secondary semantics is not so direct here; it is mediated by the cultural layer – the custom of twinning, a form of artificial relationship noted among many peoples. Most examples of the usage of the phrase "direct friend" mean 'express your opinion to someone honestly, directly'. The expression "peaceful friends" is interpreted as based on a doubling of the meaning 'in a relationship of agreement'. The research results can be used in compiling dictionaries of the Russian language, and also in teaching linguistic disciplines.

scholarly journals «THE NAMING DICTIONARY OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE»: RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES

2017 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
A. V. Zamilova ◽  
T. U. Satuchina
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Linguistic Sign ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Russian Dictionary ◽  
Additional Point

The article deals with the concept, project and originality of the new type of onomasiological naming dictionary formation. There are a number of psycholinguistic studies on the basis of the Naming Dictionary articles. The results of these studies show linguomarketing potential of the words-bionyms and their real function in company names, peculiarities of the native speaker linguistic consciousness, correlation lexicographic and “psychologically real” meaning of the word and peculiarities of the linguistic sign variation. The Naming Russian Dictionary reflects the knowledge about words in fundamentally new dimension: not according to the prescriptive function (in the current dictionary it is kept to the minimum) but in terms of the native speakers’ idea about word semantics and its reference with reality. An additional point is that the dictionary is made on the basis of the linguistic experiment. It provides not only enlargement of current linguistic studies in the sphere of the linguomarketology but it allows one to study an ordinary linguistic consciousness of native speakers of the Russian language.

scholarly journals Voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ in the Russian Language Consciousness

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Andrey E. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Not Given ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Object ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article is concerned with voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ as a language-specific word in order to show its specific conceptual configuration in the Russian language consciousness. In this regard, the National Corpus seems to be most appropriate since a conceptual configuration of the analyzed emotional concept is not given in a “finished” form in any single utterance, but may be reconstructed only on the sum total of all possible utterances. It can be manifested in many different ways: distribution, predisposition to be associated with some emotional attitudes, concepts, propositional and metaphoric models. According to the available data, voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ is related, in its most manifestations, to many different concepts like gratitude, adoration, fascination, sympathy, mistrust, pity, fear, envy, that allow us to reconstruct some basic delight-situations as a delight-adoration, delight-approval, delight-surprise, delight-gratitude, delight-envy, etc. As such, the delight-emotion is caused not by an event itself, but what the subject thinks about it. In this perspective, voskhishcheniye is not only an emotional but also a mental state that causes a corresponding emotional reaction. The propositional model, built on the National Corpus, includes information that predicates associated with voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ vary according to the position in a syntactic structure of a proposition. As a semantic object voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ is felt, expressed, shown, delivered, caused, excited, anticipated, divided, given out, performed; as a semantic subject it worries, delivers gladness, covers your eyes. In a metaphoric mapping voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ is redefined over the categorical boundaries in terms of propositional models more appropriately applied to power, aquatic substance, honey or fire. By analogy with power it embraces and seizes; by analogy with an aquatic substance, it overfills and overflows; by analogy with fire it flames up and goes out, etc. And there are no other auxiliary objects more appropriate to characterize voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ in Russian except just power, aquatic substance, honey and fire, since native speakers don’t consider expressions like sweetest-smelling delight, awash with delight or to be smothered by delight as metaphoric ones, but rather take them for the authentic characteristic of voskhishcheniye ‘delight’.

Concepts of BOREDOM, ANGUISH, SADNESS and SORROW in the language consciousness of modern youth

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 737-745
Author(s):  
Rong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Emotional Concepts ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The work is devoted to the study of semantic content of negative emotional concepts of Boredom, Anguish, Sadness and Sorrow in the language consciousness of modern Russian youth. The theoretical basis is the doctrine of V.V. Kolesov (conceptology), the provisions of which de-termine the algorithm of the study. The research material is a survey of native speakers of the Russian language, based on the analysis of which adjectives and predicates are identified and classified, and the figurative concept and semantic constants of these concepts are obtained. Comparative analysis of the concept of the considered concepts in the modern Russian consciousness and their interpretation in the Dictionary of Russian mentality is also provided. The interpretations of the concepts under study in the Dictionary of Russian mentality and in the minds of native speakers differ in that the dictionary definitions reflect the conceptual content of the word, and the representation of these concepts in the minds of ordinary people has a more emotional and evaluative expressive color and is associated with the associative field.

scholarly journals STEREOTYPIC IDEA OF A TOM-CAT AND A CAT THROUGH THE PRISM OF COMPARATIVE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF RUSSIAN AND SWEDISH LANGUAGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-300
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Alyoshin ◽  
Elena I. Zinovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article attempts to identify the stereotypic idea of widespread domestic animals (a tomcat and a cat) on the material of similes of Russian and Swedish languages that characterize humans. The objective of the study is to identify the dominant characteristics of the “tom-cat” and “cat” in the Russian language picture of the world, which serve to assess a person, against the Swedish background. The sources of the material were dictionaries of Russian similes, the Swedish Phraseological Dictionary, data of the Russian National Corpus and the Swedish National Corpus. The main methods used in the study are methods of complete and directed material sampling, lexicographical, contextual and comparative analysis. This is an ideographic classification of Russian idioms, which allows to reveal comparison signs relevant for the Russian language picture of the world. The article identifies the dominant comparison bases in each group, indicating the importance of the corresponding attribute for native speakers. It analyzes gender distinctions in the use of Russian phraseological units with the “tom-cat” and “cat” reference standards, and peculiarities of using Russian similes in fiction contexts. A contrastive analysis is carried out with Swedish comparative phraseologisms with the standard “en katt”. The novelty of the study is to identify similar and different characteristics that allow to make a “portrait” description of domestic animals that serve as standards of similes, to identify relevant features for Russian and Swedish language pictures of the world. The study vector is directed from the standards of similes to their bases. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn about the greater nominative density of idioms with “tom-cat / cat” components in Russian compared to Swedish, differences in gender relatedness due to the lack of generic differentiation of the Swedish standard of comparison, despite the fact that in Russian the replacement of the component “tom-cat” by “cat” leads to a change in the meaning of the phraseological unit, more detailed stereotypical representations in the Russian language particularly in such ideographic groups of similes as characteristics of appearance and behavior and to a greater peyorativity of Russian phraseological units compared to Swedish ones. The identified equivalent units in two languages, as well as the presence of the same ideographic groups of similes are due to the centuries-old observation of the peoples-speakers of languages for the universal features of the appearance and behavior of animals.

The Language of Advertising: Graphic, Grammar and Pragmatic Aspects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Panteleev ◽  
Anastasija Inos
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Advertising Discourse ◽  
Adverbial Modifiers ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

This monograph deals with the problem of functioning peculiarities of graphic expressive means and grammar means in the language of modern Russian advertising. This research work treats the advertising discourse as a composite indirect speech act. Active use of adverbial modifiers of manner — deverbatives, elliptical and indefinite personal one-member sentences is characteristic of modern advertising texts. A most distinguishing feature of a modern advertising text is a mixture of Cyrillic and Latin fonts that contributes to the manifestation of an expressive potential of the application. The monograph is aimed at students of Philology, students major in Management and Marketing, masters, postgraduates, staff of higher educational establishments and all those who are interested in the Russian language.

On the role of the anthropocentric factor in the realization of the derivational potential of names of ungulates as motivating lexical units

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Nikolay D. Golev ◽  
◽  
Irina P. Falomkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Search System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Building Behavior ◽  
Building System ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper is dedicated to describing the word-building system of the Russian language in terms of its vocabulary. Lexical factors are discussed influencing the formation of lexical units’ potential as motivating units of word-building processes and relations and the realization of this potential in language activities. Of most interest for the authors are anthropocentric determinants, most of which are coordinating the lexical system and, through its mediation, the word-building system with the worldview of native speakers of the Russian language. The proposed model of derivational development of vocabulary provides such coordination through studying the deep-seated process of conceptualization of the words that are the potential motivators of neologisms. This study identifies the word frequency as an external manifestation of conceptualization. The frequency data were obtained from Google search system statistical data. Capturing not only usual but also occasional and potential words, this source is an effective tool for studying word-building processes and their results. This study has unveiled the interrelation between the language worldview of native speakers of Russian and their “word-building behavior” in language activities. The worldview has been found, first of all, to be determined by the pragmatic factor, which primarily influences the usage of a word in the speech reflected by its frequency. The frequency ranks lexical units due to their derivational potential and thereby provides a researcher with a reliable instrument for its study.

LEXICOGRAPHICAL PORTRAIT OF THE LEXEME «POGRYAZNUT’» (X - XVII CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Долгова
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

Статья посвящена описанию глагола «погрязнуть» по лексикографическим источникам, фиксирующим словарный состав русского языка X - XVII вв. В работе используется метод лингвистического портретирования, позволяющий объединить данные этимологических и исторических словарей и увидеть динамику развития семантического, словообразовательного, сочетаемостного и стилистического потенциала языковой единицы в диахронии. В статье подробно изложены материалы этимологических и исторических словарей русского языка, приведены и описаны многочисленные варианты употребления имперфектива грязнуть и перфектива погрязнуть, зафиксированные в словарях, содержащих лексику древнерусского и старорусского периодов: гр#зъти, гр#зhти, гр#зити, гр#знqти, погрязати - погр#зти, погр#зити, погр#знqти. Установлено, что в древнерусском языке глагол гр#зноути (гр`t#знuти) имел прямое номинативное значение «погружаться, тонуть» и редко употреблялся в памятниках письменности. Многозначным и наиболее частотным был положительный, результативный член глагольной видовой пары перфектив погрязнуть (погр#зноути). В статье приведены все лексико-семантические варианты глагола и примеры словоупотреблений, зафиксированные в словарях, отражающих лексику X - XVII веков. В статье приведены синонимы и многочисленные дериваты глагола погрязнуть , в том числе рассмотрена семантика абстрактных существительных, образованных от глагола погрязнуть ( погрязение, погрязнение, погрязновение ) и отражающих влияние церковнославянского языка на книжно-письменный литературный язык древнерусского и старорусского периодов. Лексикографический портрет лексемы погрязнуть проявляет неоднозначность в трактовке некоторых значений в разные исторические периоды. Проведенный анализ позволяет сравнить значения лексемы, увидеть их отличительные особенности и сделать вывод о существовании самостоятельных стереотипных образов, существующих в сознании носителей языка в X - XVII веках. The article is devoted to the description of the verb "to wallow" from lexicographic sources that fix the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. The method of linguistic portraiture is used to combine data from etymological and historical dictionaries and see the dynamics of the development of the semantic, word-formation and stylistic potential of the language unit in the diachrony. The article details the materials of etymological and historical dictionaries of the Russian language, presents and describes numerous variants of the use of an imperfective “gryaznut’” and a perfective “pogryaznut’”, recorded in dictionaries containing the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. It has been established that in the ancient Russian language, the imperfective “gryaznut’” had a direct nominative meaning of "dive, sink" and was rarely used in monuments of writing. The multi-valued and most frequency used was the positive, effective perfective “pogryaznut’”. The article presents all lexical and semantic variants of the verb and examples of word usage recorded in dictionaries that reflect the vocabulary of the X - XVII centuries. The article presents synonyms and numerous derivatives of the verb, including the semantics of abstract nouns formed from the verb “pogryaznut’” and reflecting the influence of the Church Slavonic language on the book-written literary language of the old Russian period. The lexicographic portrait of the lexeme “pogryaznut’” shows ambiguity in the interpretation of certain meanings in different historical periods. The analysis allows us to compare the meanings of the lexeme, see their distinctive features and conclude that there are independent stereotypical images that exist in the minds of native speakers in the X - XVII centuries.

scholarly journals A THEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF RELIGIOUS-CHRISTIAN VOCABULARY OF RUSSIAN-UDMURT DICTIONARIES BY G. Ye. VERESHCHAGIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Leonid Michaylovich Ivshin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
Linguistic Activity ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article examines the vocabulary of religious-Christian content in the handwritten Russian-Udmurt dictionaries by the first Udmurt writer and outstanding scientist, educator and missionary, clergyman G. Ye. Vereshchagin. There is no exact information about the time when the manuscripts were written. One of them was presumably created at the end of the 19 - beginning of the 20 centuries, before the adoption of the Russian spelling reform in 1918, since the letter ъ is inconsistently encountered at the very beginning of the dictionary in lexemes ending in a hard consonant. Another manuscript can be dated to the period after the adoption of the Russian spelling reform, when the Cyrillic letters ѣ, ө and ъ were excluded from the Russian alphabet. The author of the manuscripts selected appropriate primordial Udmurt equivalents to words of religious content or used borrowings (mainly from the Russian language), and was guided by the following considerations: 1) he used Udmurt words that arose in the depths of paganism, which by the time the manuscripts were compiled had acquired a completely Christian meaning (Kyldysin tӧre 'Archangel'); 2) adapted concepts that had a slightly different, everyday meaning (viz sonany, gavyldyns, aldans ‘to tempt’); 3) terms without direct correspondences in the Udmurt language are often translated by a combination of words or interpretation (umoytem Inmar vyle veras ‘blasphemer’); 4) borrowed from Russian or other languages (Archirey, Arquerey ‘Bishop’). The study of the lexical and semantic features of written attestations in the context of developing the national corpus of the Udmurt language and filling it with not only absolutely new, but also to some extent forgotten and revisited elements is a very important linguistic activity. The linguistic actualization of religious vocabulary contributes to the recovery of speech assets and registers in a significant number of dictionary nominalizations by designating concepts and phenomena of the spiritual and religious sphere of the Udmurt language.

scholarly journals Controversial terms in anesthesiology and intensive care

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
A. N. Kondratyev ◽  
L. M. Tsentsiper ◽  
I. S. Terehov ◽  
E. A. Nechaeva ◽  
V. A. Koryachkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Medical Vocabulary ◽  
The Russian Language

Medical vocabulary is a part of the Russian language used by the professional community. Most of the terms are borrowed from other languages and poorly understood by most native speakers. The development of medicine, in particular, anesthesiology and resuscitation, leads to the emergence of many new conditions, symptoms, syndromes and their defnitions. The latter often cause controversy among doctors. The article is devoted to some aspects of the appearance of controversial terms in anesthesiology and resuscitation to discuss them.

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