scholarly journals Voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ in the Russian Language Consciousness

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Andrey E. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Not Given ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Object ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article is concerned with voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ as a language-specific word in order to show its specific conceptual configuration in the Russian language consciousness. In this regard, the National Corpus seems to be most appropriate since a conceptual configuration of the analyzed emotional concept is not given in a “finished” form in any single utterance, but may be reconstructed only on the sum total of all possible utterances. It can be manifested in many different ways: distribution, predisposition to be associated with some emotional attitudes, concepts, propositional and metaphoric models. According to the available data, voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ is related, in its most manifestations, to many different concepts like gratitude, adoration, fascination, sympathy, mistrust, pity, fear, envy, that allow us to reconstruct some basic delight-situations as a delight-adoration, delight-approval, delight-surprise, delight-gratitude, delight-envy, etc. As such, the delight-emotion is caused not by an event itself, but what the subject thinks about it. In this perspective, voskhishcheniye is not only an emotional but also a mental state that causes a corresponding emotional reaction. The propositional model, built on the National Corpus, includes information that predicates associated with voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ vary according to the position in a syntactic structure of a proposition. As a semantic object voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ is felt, expressed, shown, delivered, caused, excited, anticipated, divided, given out, performed; as a semantic subject it worries, delivers gladness, covers your eyes. In a metaphoric mapping voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ is redefined over the categorical boundaries in terms of propositional models more appropriately applied to power, aquatic substance, honey or fire. By analogy with power it embraces and seizes; by analogy with an aquatic substance, it overfills and overflows; by analogy with fire it flames up and goes out, etc. And there are no other auxiliary objects more appropriate to characterize voskhishcheniye ‘delight’ in Russian except just power, aquatic substance, honey and fire, since native speakers don’t consider expressions like sweetest-smelling delight, awash with delight or to be smothered by delight as metaphoric ones, but rather take them for the authentic characteristic of voskhishcheniye ‘delight’.

scholarly journals On Adjectival Attributives Blood, Direct, Peaceful as Components of Archaic Nominations of Friends

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Spiritual Intimacy ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Over Time ◽  
National Corpus

The article discusses the changes in collocability of the word friend over time. It notes that the works by A.S. Pushkin contain the forms, unexpected for the perception of the native speakers of the modern Russian language: blood friends, direct friend, peaceful friends. The analysis of the specified attributive combinations is carried out applying definitional, contextual, linguocultural analysis methods. The text material from the National Corpus of the Russian language is used. It is proved that the expression "blood friends" could denote "people connected by strong friendship" and "people of the same class". Physical kinship criterion has been proved to serve as a basis for cognitive understanding of spiritual intimacy and social class identification. However, the connection between primary and secondary semantics is not so direct here; it is mediated by the cultural layer – the custom of twinning, a form of artificial relationship noted among many peoples. Most examples of the usage of the phrase "direct friend" mean 'express your opinion to someone honestly, directly'. The expression "peaceful friends" is interpreted as based on a doubling of the meaning 'in a relationship of agreement'. The research results can be used in compiling dictionaries of the Russian language, and also in teaching linguistic disciplines.

scholarly journals Language of Russian Charity: Verbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 293-310
Author(s):  
Valeria S. Kuchko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article studies Russian verbs which name the action of gratuitous material assistance to those in need, i.e. благотворить, благотворительствовать, благодетельствовать, меценатствовать, жертвовать, спонсировать, and their few derivatives. The author focuses on the history of their origin and use in the Russian language, the development of their meanings, semantic features, and functioning in the text. The analysis of these characteristics of the life of the word in the language allows the author to identify and formulate some norms of the use of these verbs in modern charity discourse for those who speak and write about charity. The study is based on historical and modern lexicographic sources, such as explanatory dictionaries of the Old Slavic Language, Old Russian Language, Russian language of different time periods, as well as examples of word usage, retrieved from The National Corpus of the Russian Language. In spite of the fact that the verbs studied realise the predicate of a situation of charity and designate the subject’s action of providing a poor or deprived object with material support, they considerably differ in terms of time of their appearance in the language, periods of usage, and semantic capacity. The analysis demonstrates that there is no verb that could claim the status of a nuclear verbal lexeme of the semantic field of charity: the word with the widest neutral semantics благотворить has almost fallen out of use, the verbs благодетельствовать and меценатствовать have a narrower application, while жертвовать imposes semantic restrictions on the choice of words for the positions of the object and the instrument of charity, and in the case of the verb спонсировать a specific context of “market” charity is important, in which the subject receives a certain benefit from their contribution.

scholarly journals BODY PART NOUN GROUPS WITH SPATIAL MEANINGS IN LINGUISTIC WORLD PICTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Т.Е. Чаплыгина
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

В статье рассматриваются особенности выражения пространственных отношений именными локативными группами с названиями частей тела. Анализ показал, что выбор предлогов в или на при выражении пространственных отношений существительными, называющими части тела, в большой степени обусловлен особенностями восприятия мира носителями русского языка. The article touches upon the subject of spatial relations expressed by means of body part names in Russian language. The research demonstrated, that the choice of prepositions v (in) or na (on) when expressing spatial relations with body part names is largely due to the peculiarities of the perception of the world by native speakers of the Russian language.

scholarly journals The Parametrization of the Database of Common and Occasional Feminitives

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-72
Author(s):  
Marina A. Lappo ◽  
◽  
Natalia I. Malinivskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Emotional Evaluation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Cultural Components ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This study analyzes the experience of compiling a new type of dictionaries – electronic lexicographic databases on the basis of the corpus of common and occasional feminitives (feminine-gendered words) in the speech of modern native Russian language speakers. The theoretical basis of the work is the idea of the integral nature of the lexical meaning (G.N. Sklyarevskaya). The material was taken from the traditional explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, the Russian National Corpus, the Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary of the Russian Language database, the Explanatory Dictionary of Children’s Innovations by T.A. Gridina, and media materials. The database of common and occasional feminitives is an extension of the Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary of the Russian Language database (http://spml.ipmip.nspu.ru). The key principle of this database is the synthesis of the Russian lexicographic traditions (a clear zonal division of the dictionary entry) and the detailed fixation of such pragmatic zones of lexical meaning as emotional evaluation, ideological, gender, age, social status, national and cultural components. The analysis of the specifics of the lexicographic interpretation of a group of words with the meaning of femininity in the dynamic and semantic-pragmatic aspects makes it possible to clarify some parameters of this database in relation to the corresponding thematic fragment of the dictionary. Thus, it has been established that the thematic group of feminitives that designate the sphere of activity of a female person is characterized by active development both due to the appearance of new lexemes and neoderivation, and due to dynamic processes in the sphere of their semantics. Native speakers, when using feminitives more freely than when using words from other thematic groups, load them with a wide variety of emotive and evaluative meanings (from neutral or approving to sharply derogatory meanings), attribute polar rules for their application (from “must use” to “completely refuse”). Lexicographic studies have shown that traditional explanatory dictionaries also inconsistently reflect the names of female persons in general or individual components of their lexical meanings. The above said makes it necessary to create a special database of common and occasional feminitives, which can solve the problem of fixing the pragmatic zone of the lexical meaning of the word, serve as a model in the lexicographic consolidation of the words of other thematic groups with moving and polar connotations. This article argues that in relation to the thematic group of feminitives, indicating the field of activity of a female person, such parameters of lexicographic fixation should be used as the fact of fixation in traditional dictionaries, the presence of lexicalsemantic variants of the word, the denotative and connotative zone of the lexical meaning, the connotative markers of actualization of components and/or methods of their neutralization, the stylistic scope of the unit, the presence of derivational and other variants.

scholarly journals The Semantics of Participation in the Russian Language as a Reflection of the Cultural Universal «Own/Foreign» Concept and the «West/East» Opposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1538-1546
Author(s):  
Igor Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The West ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Empirical Material

This paper deals with the issues of an important ethnic trait through the reflection in the Russian language and in the speech behavior of native speakers. This trait is focused around the need for actualization of «participation» or complicity in speech and social behavior as an invisible connection established in the inner world of the subject of the relationship of participation with other persons, animals, objects, spatial and social objects and even eras and ideas. The developed semantics of participation in the Russian language reflects the cultural universal concept of «own/foreign». L. Levy-Bruhl studied one member of that opposition theoretically and on the basis of extensive empirical material created the anthropological theory of participation. Russian linguists V. V. Ivanov, Yu. D. Apresyan, V. S. Khrakovsky and A. P. Volodin, I. I. Kovtunova studied concepts associated with the notion of participation in the mid‑1980s using the material of Russian deixis and the category of possessiveness. In the Russian language, the semantics of participation is expressed by various linguistic means: the means of verbal and pronominal deixis, diminutives, possessive syntactic constructions and affixes, words with the semantics of emotional attitude and assistance

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICITY OF THE VERBS AND VERBAL PREFIXES IN RUSSIAN: CORPUS ANALYSIS (BASED ON MATERIAL OF VERBS WITH PREFIX PRED-)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Юлия Александровна Сухорукова
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Relative Independence ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

Введение. Современная корпусно-ориентированная лингвистика позволяет изучать явления языка, расширяя базу данных, на которой строятся исследования, привлекая для анализа широкие возможности текстовой и метатекстовой разметки корпусов. Цель – на основе данных Национального корпуса русского языка описать функциональное своеобразие русских глагольных префиксов (на материале глаголов с приставкой пред-), «отвечающих» за использование префиксального глагола в текстах определенной сферы функционирования и тематики. Материал и методы. Объектом данного исследования являются префикс пред- с проспективной семантикой «заранее совершить действие» и глаголы с ним, образованные по модели, привнесенной в русский язык из старославянского языка. Исходя из положения, что приставка, обладающая относительной самостоятельностью в структуре глагола по сравнению с суффиксом, способна не только модифицировать значение глагола, но и менять сферу его употребления, предлагается сравнительный анализ функционирования глагола с префиксом пред- и соответствующего ему бесприставочного глагола посредством анализа сферы функционирования и тематики текстов, в которых реализуются указанные единицы. Анализируются вхождения рассматриваемых глаголов в текстах девяти сфер функционирования (художественной, церковно-богословской, учебно-научной и т. д.) и 42 тематик (право, наука и технология, политика и общественная жизнь и т. д.). Результаты и обсуждение. Сделано предположение, что глаголы с приставкой пред- в силу ее старославянского происхождения и в современном русском языке оказываются задействованными в текстах церковно-религиозной сферы, а также в текстах тех сфер употребления, которые коррелируют с «прогнозирующей» функцией проспективных глаголов. Исходя из данного предположения рассматриваются пары единиц предсказать/сказать, предвидеть/видеть, предназначить/назначить, предшествовать/шествовать, предписать/писать; рассчитывается процент их употребления в текстах определенной сферы функционирования и тематики по отношению к количеству текстов в данной сфере и тематике; выявляются наиболее значимые для пред-единиц сферы функционирования (церковно-богословская, учебно-научная, художественная, производственно-техническая) и тематики текстов (философия, филология, астрономия, физика и т. п.), в которых зафиксированы исследуемые единицы. Заключение. Обращение к данным Национального корпуса русского языка позволило выявить изменение по сравнению с бесприставочными единицами сферы употребления глаголов с префиксом пред- (реже тематики текстов). Это позволяет утверждать, что приставка действительно способна влиять на употребление глаголов с ней. Introduction. Modern corpus-oriented linguistics allows us to study the phenomena of language, expanding the database on which research is based, attracting for analysis the wide possibilities of text and metatext markup of corpus. The aim of this work is to describe, based on the data of the Russian National Corpus, the functional peculiarity of Russian verb prefixes (based on the material of verbs with the prefix pred-), which are «responsible» for the use of the prefixal verb in texts of a certain sphere of functioning and subject matter. Material and methods. The object of this study is the prefix pred- with the prospective semantics «to do an action in advance» and verbs with it, formed according to the model introduced into the Russian language from the Old Slavic language. Based on the statement that the prefix, which has a relative independence in the structure of the verb in comparison with the suffix, is able not only to modify the meaning of the verb, but also to change the scope of its use, the article offers a comparative analysis of the functioning of the verb with the prefix pred- and the corresponding non-prepositional verb by analyzing the sphere of use and the subject of texts in which these units are realized. The article analyzes the occurrences of the verbs in the texts of 9 spheres of functioning (artistic, church-theological, educational-scientific, etc.) and 42 subjects (law, science and technology, politics and public life, etc.). Results and discussion. We suggest that verbs with the prefix pred-, due to its Old Slavic origin, are involved in the texts of the church-religious sphere in modern Russian, as well as in the texts of those spheres of use that correlate with the “predictive” function of prospective verbs. Based on this assumption, we consider pairs of units to predict/say, foresee/see, destine/assign, precede/march, prescribe/write; the percentage of their use in texts of a certain sphere of functioning and subject matter is calculated in relation to the number of texts in this sphere and subject matter; we identify the most significant areas of functioning (church-theological, educational-scientific, artistic, industrial-technical) and subjects of texts (philosophy, philology, astronomy, physics, etc.) in which the studied units are realized. Conclusion. The reference to the data of the Russian National Corpus revealed a change in the sphere of use of verbs with the prefix pred- (less often the subject of texts), which allows us to assert that the prefix is really able to influence the use of verbs with it.

scholarly journals Means of realization of language game the Swahili language paroemias

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Viсtoriya Sergeevna Shatokhina
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The object of this article is the language game in its various manifestations. The subject of this research is the proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language, in which the author attempts to trace the linguistic phenomenon. Special attention is given to various means of language game at different language levels. The goal is to determine whether it is possible to interpret the term “language game” in a broad sense, as well as the extent of application of such linguistic tool in proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language. The article explores different perspectives upon the concept of language game. Analysis is conducted on the Swahili paroemias that demonstrate different ways of language game. The survey results carried out among the native speakers of Swahili are presented. This article is the first to analyze the ways of realization of language game in proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language on the various linguistic levels. The author demonstrates the examples from the corpus of Swahili paroemias, which were translated into the Russian language for the first time. The conclusion is made that language game takes place not only in the written texts, but also in folklore, which indicates that alongside a writer or a linguist, the author of the language game can also be a native speaker. It is underlined hat versatility is also characteristic to the Swahili language paroemias.

scholarly journals SCHOOL SUBJECT «RUSSIAN LANGUAGE» IN THE MODERN SYSTEM OF LINGUISTIC EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
R. R. Zamaletdinov ◽  
Z. F. Yusupova ◽  
K. Z. Zakiryanov
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Informative Character ◽  
The Russian Language

Te article deals with the specifcs of teaching Russian as a native language in the Russian school and as a non-native language in non-Russian schools. Tis specifcity is determined by the fact that with the same content of the subject “Russian language”, the ways of mastering language units and the formation of speech skills in native and non-native speakers are different. In this regard, the problems of motivational and informative character are considered. Te authors conclude that the assimilation of the second language is accompanied by the assimilation of a new linguistic picture of the world. Te interrelated study of language and culture ultimately contributes to the formation of a bilingual person capable of using the means of Russian and native languages, taking into account the specifcs of national cultures. Te necessity and expediency of the development of various methods of teaching Russian as a native and as a non-native language, as well as the need to create special textbooks of the Russian language for Russian and non-Russian schools are considered. Te authors are convinced that in modern conditions it is necessary to develop nationally oriented textbooks of the Russian language, taking into account the specifcs of the native language of students, especially because in some national republics work in this direction has been conducted for a long time.

scholarly journals Phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Liliia Zinnatullina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Exact Match ◽  
The Subject ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article is dedicated to examination of phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages. An attempt is made to determine the criteria for finding phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of various types of English-Russian phraseological equivalents. Referring to the research of outstanding scientists, the article describes and analyzes the types of phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages. The author provides the examples of a range of phraseological units of the English and Russian languages, selected from the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, Russian National Corpus, and British National Corpus. Contextual method and method of phraseological description are used for studying English-Russian phraseological equivalents. The scientific novelty of this paper consists in the full or partial manifestation of phraseological equivalence of a number of unique phraseological units in the English and Russian languages leaning on the conducted research of compositional volume. The conclusion is made that the adverbial phraseological units-equivalents are characterized by an exact match of phraseological meaning, structural-grammatical organization, imagery framework, and thus, compositional volume. For determining the degree of match of the structural-grammatical organization, it is essential to consider the specific typological features, which are typical for one language and atypical for another due to difference in the systems of the compared languages. Partial phraseological equivalence of adverbial phraseological units is characterized by the exact match of plane of content and insignificant differences in the plane of expression, which do not affect the identity of imagery of the English and Russian adverbial phraseological unit.

scholarly journals The Structure of the Dictionary Entry of the Educational Linguoculturological Dictionary of Russian Paremias Against the Backdrop of Chinese Language Equivalents: Description Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-917
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Ye. Yakimenko ◽  
Xueying Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the description of structure and content peculiarities of the dictionary entry of the educational linguoculturological dictionary. The originality of the research concerns the development of the structure and semantics of the dictionary entry of the educational linguoculturological dictionary of paremias representing the concept of BUSINESS in the Russian language. The description takes into account semantic gaps of the culture that the dictionary is focused on. In this article attention is paid to cultural mental attitudes, which are expressed by Russian and Chinese language paremias. Which is why cultural settings were the subject of a linguoculturological description and were offered as one of the main parameters of the educational dictionary. It is the mental attitudes of culture that have become the subject of linguoculturological description and we offer them as one of the main elements of the educational dictionary. The object of the study is the paremias of the two languages that characterize the concepts of business, work, labor, and craft. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the general and national-specific mental attitudes of culture and their representation in the educational linguoculturological dictionary. Russian and Chinese dictionaries of paremias (e.g. the Big Dictionary of Russian Proverbs, V.M. Mokienko, T.G. Nikitina, E.K. Nikolaeva, collection of proverbs by A.I. Dal, Big Dictionary of Chinese Proverbs by Wen Duanzheng) served as the sources of the material. The analysis of bilingual linguoculturological dictionaries is carried out, which helps to identify the basic principles of constructing a dictionary article, and a model of a dictionary article of a linguoculturological educational dictionary aimed at native speakers of the Chinese language is proposed. The creation of the educational linguoculturological dictionaries will help improve the process of intercultural communication.

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