scholarly journals STEREOTYPIC IDEA OF A TOM-CAT AND A CAT THROUGH THE PRISM OF COMPARATIVE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF RUSSIAN AND SWEDISH LANGUAGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-300
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Alyoshin ◽  
Elena I. Zinovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article attempts to identify the stereotypic idea of widespread domestic animals (a tomcat and a cat) on the material of similes of Russian and Swedish languages that characterize humans. The objective of the study is to identify the dominant characteristics of the “tom-cat” and “cat” in the Russian language picture of the world, which serve to assess a person, against the Swedish background. The sources of the material were dictionaries of Russian similes, the Swedish Phraseological Dictionary, data of the Russian National Corpus and the Swedish National Corpus. The main methods used in the study are methods of complete and directed material sampling, lexicographical, contextual and comparative analysis. This is an ideographic classification of Russian idioms, which allows to reveal comparison signs relevant for the Russian language picture of the world. The article identifies the dominant comparison bases in each group, indicating the importance of the corresponding attribute for native speakers. It analyzes gender distinctions in the use of Russian phraseological units with the “tom-cat” and “cat” reference standards, and peculiarities of using Russian similes in fiction contexts. A contrastive analysis is carried out with Swedish comparative phraseologisms with the standard “en katt”. The novelty of the study is to identify similar and different characteristics that allow to make a “portrait” description of domestic animals that serve as standards of similes, to identify relevant features for Russian and Swedish language pictures of the world. The study vector is directed from the standards of similes to their bases. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn about the greater nominative density of idioms with “tom-cat / cat” components in Russian compared to Swedish, differences in gender relatedness due to the lack of generic differentiation of the Swedish standard of comparison, despite the fact that in Russian the replacement of the component “tom-cat” by “cat” leads to a change in the meaning of the phraseological unit, more detailed stereotypical representations in the Russian language particularly in such ideographic groups of similes as characteristics of appearance and behavior and to a greater peyorativity of Russian phraseological units compared to Swedish ones. The identified equivalent units in two languages, as well as the presence of the same ideographic groups of similes are due to the centuries-old observation of the peoples-speakers of languages for the universal features of the appearance and behavior of animals.

scholarly journals On Adjectival Attributives Blood, Direct, Peaceful as Components of Archaic Nominations of Friends

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Spiritual Intimacy ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Over Time ◽  
National Corpus

The article discusses the changes in collocability of the word friend over time. It notes that the works by A.S. Pushkin contain the forms, unexpected for the perception of the native speakers of the modern Russian language: blood friends, direct friend, peaceful friends. The analysis of the specified attributive combinations is carried out applying definitional, contextual, linguocultural analysis methods. The text material from the National Corpus of the Russian language is used. It is proved that the expression "blood friends" could denote "people connected by strong friendship" and "people of the same class". Physical kinship criterion has been proved to serve as a basis for cognitive understanding of spiritual intimacy and social class identification. However, the connection between primary and secondary semantics is not so direct here; it is mediated by the cultural layer – the custom of twinning, a form of artificial relationship noted among many peoples. Most examples of the usage of the phrase "direct friend" mean 'express your opinion to someone honestly, directly'. The expression "peaceful friends" is interpreted as based on a doubling of the meaning 'in a relationship of agreement'. The research results can be used in compiling dictionaries of the Russian language, and also in teaching linguistic disciplines.

scholarly journals A THEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF RELIGIOUS-CHRISTIAN VOCABULARY OF RUSSIAN-UDMURT DICTIONARIES BY G. Ye. VERESHCHAGIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Leonid Michaylovich Ivshin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
Linguistic Activity ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article examines the vocabulary of religious-Christian content in the handwritten Russian-Udmurt dictionaries by the first Udmurt writer and outstanding scientist, educator and missionary, clergyman G. Ye. Vereshchagin. There is no exact information about the time when the manuscripts were written. One of them was presumably created at the end of the 19 - beginning of the 20 centuries, before the adoption of the Russian spelling reform in 1918, since the letter ъ is inconsistently encountered at the very beginning of the dictionary in lexemes ending in a hard consonant. Another manuscript can be dated to the period after the adoption of the Russian spelling reform, when the Cyrillic letters ѣ, ө and ъ were excluded from the Russian alphabet. The author of the manuscripts selected appropriate primordial Udmurt equivalents to words of religious content or used borrowings (mainly from the Russian language), and was guided by the following considerations: 1) he used Udmurt words that arose in the depths of paganism, which by the time the manuscripts were compiled had acquired a completely Christian meaning (Kyldysin tӧre 'Archangel'); 2) adapted concepts that had a slightly different, everyday meaning (viz sonany, gavyldyns, aldans ‘to tempt’); 3) terms without direct correspondences in the Udmurt language are often translated by a combination of words or interpretation (umoytem Inmar vyle veras ‘blasphemer’); 4) borrowed from Russian or other languages (Archirey, Arquerey ‘Bishop’). The study of the lexical and semantic features of written attestations in the context of developing the national corpus of the Udmurt language and filling it with not only absolutely new, but also to some extent forgotten and revisited elements is a very important linguistic activity. The linguistic actualization of religious vocabulary contributes to the recovery of speech assets and registers in a significant number of dictionary nominalizations by designating concepts and phenomena of the spiritual and religious sphere of the Udmurt language.

scholarly journals Mythosymbolic Component of the Animalistic Concept Horse (Loshad' / Kon') in the Russian Language Picture of the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
F. Sh. Bekmurzaeva
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Force ◽  
The One ◽  
Polar Opposition ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The research featured concept "horse", which is one of the key archetypal concepts of the Russian culture. The present article focuses on the secondary symbolic constituents that form the structure of the concept. The research objective was to describe symbolic features in the structure of the concept. The material involved sources of the Russian national corpus, Russian folk tales, and other genres of the belles-lettres discourse representing diverse functional styles of the language. The study revealed the ambivalent nature of symbolic categorization of the animal concept in the Russian language through the prism of religious and mythological worldview. The ambivalent nature represented in the bilateral image is in its polar opposition. On the one hand, it is a solar symbol, a symbol of celestial source, and deity. On the other hand, it is chthonic and demonological. Thus, it implies the following symbolic signs: sun; sky; rain; earth; star; month; bird; fire; light; air; red; water; white; gold; another world; age; sea; mountains; death; Kelpie – a water spirit; immortality; black; centaur; Trojan horse; the magic; time of day; number; unity; fertility; spirituality; speed; inspiration, contemplation; loyalty; persistence; fearlessness; luck; chivalry, nobility; purity, and inaccessibility; lust, riot; secrecy, deceit; power; beauty; intelligence; wisdom; power; life force. Ambivalent features revealed on the basis of factual material are invariant, since their historical significance is also actualized in modern linguistic realities. In addition, for the most part they are positively oriented, which indicates the marking and significance of the horse in the consciousness and life of the Russian people.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of the Conceptualization and Categorization of Space in the Russian Language

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (28) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Tatyana Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Mental Picture ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Concept Space ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Multiple Aspect ◽  
National Corpus

This article presents examples taken from the National corpus of Russian language dictionar­ies which illustrate the objectification of space in the linguistic picture of the world. The examined data, taken from linguistic dictionaries and en­cyclopaedic sources, allow the dynamics of the process of conceptualization and peculiarities of the categorization of space in the Russian-language mentality to be identified, and verify the formed hypotheses. The formats of the conceptualization of space (starting from an image and mental picture to the notion of frame) and the language dynamics of the objectification of these formats are discussed. Examples from dictionaries of the National Russian Corpora illustrate the objectification of the language world map most vividly. The analysed data from the linguistic dictionaries and encyclopaedic sources prove the working hypothesis by defining the set of attributes which define the concept SPACE, the dynamics of the conceptualization process, and peculiarities of the categorizatition of space in the Russian language mind. The conclusion is drawn that the concept SPACE is an integrated, multiple-aspect, conceptional compound which is connected with the categorization of reality. The basis of the categorization of space is the prototypi­cal approach. In the Russian language world map, the prototype of SPACE is FIELD. Numerous new attributes of the word space show the broadening of the human idea about this universal phenomenon, which is already considered to be not only a form of substance existence, but also one of many forms of spiritual activities. The method of identifying the conceptional attributes is conceptually defini­tional analysis. Multidirectional tendencies to both widening and narrowing areas of space conceptu­alization were found, together with the tendency to integrate different formation-spaces.

scholarly journals PARAMETRIC ADJECTIVES EVALUATION OF A HUMAN FIGURE IN THE RUSSIAN PICTURE OF THE WORLD ON THE BACK OF THE CHINESE LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Zhang Hong ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Human Image ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Features

The article is devoted to the analysis of parametric adjectives of the evaluation of the human figure in the Russian language through the prism of the Chinese language. The author reveals the ethnospecific features of Russian parametric adjectives, the presence of which causes certain difficulties for native speakers of the Chinese language picture of the world. The comparative analysis of these lexical units in the two languages reveals the national-cultural features of the perception of the human image and the features of the fragments of the national linguistic picture of the world in intercultural communication.

scholarly journals BODY PART NOUN GROUPS WITH SPATIAL MEANINGS IN LINGUISTIC WORLD PICTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Т.Е. Чаплыгина
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

В статье рассматриваются особенности выражения пространственных отношений именными локативными группами с названиями частей тела. Анализ показал, что выбор предлогов в или на при выражении пространственных отношений существительными, называющими части тела, в большой степени обусловлен особенностями восприятия мира носителями русского языка. The article touches upon the subject of spatial relations expressed by means of body part names in Russian language. The research demonstrated, that the choice of prepositions v (in) or na (on) when expressing spatial relations with body part names is largely due to the peculiarities of the perception of the world by native speakers of the Russian language.

scholarly journals Description of Synonyms in Linguodidactics: Integrative Approach (based on the Synonymous Row of Verbs with a Common Meaning ‘do nothing’)

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-64
Author(s):  
E. I. Zinovieva ◽  
N. Y. Vu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the description of a synonymous series of Russian verbs with a dominant idle against the background of the Vietnamese language for further presentation of Russian units in a Vietnamese audience. The approaches to the study of synonymous units traditionally highlighted in Russian linguistics are considered. The relevance of an integrative approach to the analysis of synonyms for linguodidactic purposes is substantiated. The novelty of the study is that such a comprehensive approach allows us to analyze synonyms at the level of the language system, discourse and language consciousness of native speakers. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the synonymous row under study is included in the lexico-semantic group of behavior verbs, nuclear for the Russian language, as well as the lack of training dictionaries of Russian synonyms for foreign students. The authors determine the structure of the studied synonymic row in the Russian language, analyze the semantics, typical situations of use, the stylistic classification of units according to the components that make up the synonymic series. Particular attention is paid to data from a survey of native Russian speakers. A comparative analysis of Russian synonyms and their translation equivalents in the Vietnamese language is presented. Relevant parameters of the characteristics of the members of the synonymous row are identified to optimize the work with these units in the Vietnamese audience. Linguistic and methodological recommendations on the presentation of Russian synonyms in a Vietnamese audience are offered.

scholarly journals The Parametrization of the Database of Common and Occasional Feminitives

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-72
Author(s):  
Marina A. Lappo ◽  
◽  
Natalia I. Malinivskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Emotional Evaluation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Cultural Components ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This study analyzes the experience of compiling a new type of dictionaries – electronic lexicographic databases on the basis of the corpus of common and occasional feminitives (feminine-gendered words) in the speech of modern native Russian language speakers. The theoretical basis of the work is the idea of the integral nature of the lexical meaning (G.N. Sklyarevskaya). The material was taken from the traditional explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, the Russian National Corpus, the Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary of the Russian Language database, the Explanatory Dictionary of Children’s Innovations by T.A. Gridina, and media materials. The database of common and occasional feminitives is an extension of the Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary of the Russian Language database (http://spml.ipmip.nspu.ru). The key principle of this database is the synthesis of the Russian lexicographic traditions (a clear zonal division of the dictionary entry) and the detailed fixation of such pragmatic zones of lexical meaning as emotional evaluation, ideological, gender, age, social status, national and cultural components. The analysis of the specifics of the lexicographic interpretation of a group of words with the meaning of femininity in the dynamic and semantic-pragmatic aspects makes it possible to clarify some parameters of this database in relation to the corresponding thematic fragment of the dictionary. Thus, it has been established that the thematic group of feminitives that designate the sphere of activity of a female person is characterized by active development both due to the appearance of new lexemes and neoderivation, and due to dynamic processes in the sphere of their semantics. Native speakers, when using feminitives more freely than when using words from other thematic groups, load them with a wide variety of emotive and evaluative meanings (from neutral or approving to sharply derogatory meanings), attribute polar rules for their application (from “must use” to “completely refuse”). Lexicographic studies have shown that traditional explanatory dictionaries also inconsistently reflect the names of female persons in general or individual components of their lexical meanings. The above said makes it necessary to create a special database of common and occasional feminitives, which can solve the problem of fixing the pragmatic zone of the lexical meaning of the word, serve as a model in the lexicographic consolidation of the words of other thematic groups with moving and polar connotations. This article argues that in relation to the thematic group of feminitives, indicating the field of activity of a female person, such parameters of lexicographic fixation should be used as the fact of fixation in traditional dictionaries, the presence of lexicalsemantic variants of the word, the denotative and connotative zone of the lexical meaning, the connotative markers of actualization of components and/or methods of their neutralization, the stylistic scope of the unit, the presence of derivational and other variants.

Mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya (Damp Mother Earth) in the Russian language picture of the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Marina V. Pimenova ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Moshina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Great Mother ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mother Goddess ◽  
The World ◽  
Mother Earth ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper presents the study of the mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya (Damp Mother Earth) as a part of the Russian language picture of the world. Mythologeme is a phenomenon of language consciousness going back to a certain archetype. The authors have revealed that the linguistic consciousness of the Russian language native speakers firmly holds the linguoculturological meanings of the mythologeme under study, with most striking, firmly rooted in the Russian language picture of the world, the differential signs associated with this mythologeme being: ‘person (female)’ (48.5 %), ‘mother’ (26.3 %), ‘goddess’ (17.3 %), ‘surface’ (5.4 %), ‘grave’ (2.5 %). The mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya combines two differential signs: ‘birth’ and ‘death’. The earth is the birth womb and grave into which a person leaves after death. There is evidence of syncretism of sememes due to the change of religion: the adoption of Christianity when a new ritual practice of funerals came to Russian culture. According to the analysis, the mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya implements a complex of signs in the Russian linguistic culture, with the prototype being a more ancient mythologeme - Velikaya Boginya Mat’ (the Great Mother Goddess). The study has revealed the following associative meanings related to the mythologeme Mat’-Syra-Zemlya in the Russian linguistic culture: 1. Earthly life in this world; 2. Agricultural activities of man (plowing); 3. Family - earthly and heavenly; 4. Ritual practice (oath, frankincense; handful / pinch of land transported to a new land); 5. Death and funeral; 6. Birth and return to earth.

scholarly journals Russian Official Reflection in Russian Language Winged Units

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Anokhina ◽  
Natalia Kozko ◽  
Natalia Pozdnyakova ◽  
Ekaterina Tulina
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
National Corpus

The article analyzes functioning of winged units nominating officials in literary and publicistic texts included in the Russian National Corpus. The authors consider that every winged phrase is a combination of mental ideas of the nation. Thus, winged units are important concepts verbalisators though they are found at the semantic field periphery. The article brings out the differences in the usage of winged units with the common seme “official” in texts by native Russian speakers which allows to reconstruct the image of an official existing in the Russian linguistic picture of the world. Most units can be found at the periphery of the semantic field and thus cannot claim to be universal in nominating officials because of low frequency of their use. The most universal nominations for officials are the following ones: Derzhimorda, Kuvshinnoe rylo, Schvonder, Sergeant Prishibeyev, Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin, that can be related to the near periphery of the concept “Official” field verbalisators. The analysis of winged units’ meanings with the seme “official” allows specifying ideas of an official in the Russian linguistic picture of the world: the majority of the winged units convey a negative attitude of native speakers to officials.

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