scholarly journals The Green Deal and the Resilience of EU-Russian Energy Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-123
Author(s):  
Tatiana Romanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Internal Constraints ◽  
The Third ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Energy Relations ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

In this article, the influence of the European Union’s (EU) Green Deal on its energy relations with Russia is analyzed. Two models of resilience are identified in the EU’s discourse. One aims at achieving resilience at the level of the EU’s energy sector (the “microsystem” for the purpose of this study) while destroying the system of EU-Russia relations (the “macrosystem”). The other aims at achieving resilience in the micro- and macrosystem at the same time. Empirically, the study relies on EU documents and speeches by its national and supranational representatives. Three cases are studied. The first covers competition of two models of resilience in the principles that the EU defined for its relations with Russia. The second case involves investments that slow down the development of renewable sources of energy in favour of natural gas. This case demonstrates how resilience can be achieved as a return to the previous pattern (bouncing back). Although it can be achieved both at the EU-only level and at the level of the EU and its relations with Russia, it clearly favours the latter. The third case involves the import of hydrogen, which creates possibilities for resilience both at the microsystem alone and at the micro- and macrosystems at the same time. This latter option is achieved through adaptation to new challenges (bouncing forward). The author concludes by comparing the two models of resilience. The model that prioritizes the microsystem’s resilience and challenges the macrosystem is based on the synthesis of environmental and geopolitical logics. The other model is based on economic and market logics, but the EU’s normative leadership is a prerequisite. The EU’s discourse demonstrates the viability of both models and related governance practices. Most likely, the two models will co-exist, but their relative importance will vary over time. This variation will be primarily determined by the EU’s internal constraints. However, Russia’s policy can facilitate the model of resilience, achieved in both the micro- and macrosystem.

Coping with longitudinal data in research on developmental psychopathology

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Analytic ◽  
Over Time

Many outcome variables in developmental psychopathology research are highly stable over time. In conventional longitudinal data analytic approaches such as multiple regression, controlling for prior levels of the outcome variable often yields little (if any) reliable variance in the dependent variable for putative predictors to explain. Three strategies for coping with this problem are described. One involves focusing on developmental periods of transition, in which the outcome of interest may be less stable. A second is to give careful consideration to the amount of time allowed to elapse between waves of data collection. The third is to consider trait-state-occasion models that partition the outcome variable into two dimensions: one entirely stable and trait-like, the other less stable and subject to occasion-specific fluctuations.

Posting Articles about Excavations in Electronic Forums

2008 ◽  
pp. 254-274
Author(s):  
Charilaos Thomos ◽  
Alexandros Gouniotis ◽  
Konstantinos Kechagias
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Commercial World ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Having taken its name from the fragmentary and divisive nature of the 20th century Balkans, the geopolitical term “balkanization” has come to refer to any region or society with internal turmoil or divisions. At the same time, it is being used to express the divergence over time of languages. In both cases, “balkanization” is an indisputable reality nowadays and reflects current relationships among nations. In this sense, although the unification process of the EU is believed to be a given today, problems such as the downgrading of less widespread languages such as Balkan languages and dialects still remain unsolved, mostly due to the predominance of English, French or German in the scientific, political, economical and commercial world. Indicatively, there are nine officially acknowledged languages today in the Balkans, whose even existence is ignored by the majority of EU citizens. Some have no apparent relation to the other. Whatever the case is, the Balkans have to and will survive this “Babel,” together with all European Union states. Maintaining a country’s language is a multilateral case and duty of nations nowadays; it also concerns a place’s culture and its specific characteristics and lifestyle, which differentiate it from other nations. It has to do with ethnic identity and understanding of one’s existence over time.

scholarly journals Entangled Stories: The Red Jews in Premodern Yiddish and German Apocalyptic Lore

AJS Review ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Rebekka Voß
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yiddish Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Northern Kingdom ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Over Time

“Far, far away from our areas, somewhere beyond the Mountains of Darkness, on the other side of the Sambatyon River…there lives a nation known as the Red Jews.” The Red Jews are best known from classic Yiddish writing, most notably from Mendele'sKitser masoes Binyomin hashlishi(The Brief Travels of Benjamin the Third). This novel, first published in 1878, represents the initial appearance of the Red Jews in modern Yiddish literature. This comical travelogue describes the adventures of Benjamin, who sets off in search of the legendary Red Jews. But who are these Red Jews or, in Yiddish,di royte yidelekh? The term denotes the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, the ten tribes that in biblical times had composed the Northern Kingdom of Israel until they were exiled by the Assyrians in the eighth century BCE. Over time, the myth of their return emerged, and they were said to live in an uncharted location beyond the mysterious Sambatyon River, where they would remain until the Messiah's arrival at the end of time, when they would rejoin the rest of the Jewish people.

Global Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Domínguez ◽  
Rafael Velázquez Flores
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Multiple Actors

The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the literature on global governance, key elements for understanding its conceptualization, and a gateway to capture its multidimensionality. From this perspective, global governance is conceived as a framework of analysis or intellectual device to study the complexity of global processes involving multiple actors that interact at different levels of interest aggregation. The article is divided into four parts. The first section describes the origins, definitions, and characteristics of global governance. The second categorizes global governance based on different thematic areas where there is a confluence of governance practices, on the one hand, and the inclusion of a global level of interaction, on the other. The third discusses the different conceptual inquiries and innovations that have been developed around the term. Finally, the last part maps the different academic institutions that have focused their research on global governance and offer programs on this subject.

US tensions prompt closer China-Russia cooperation

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Eu

Subject China-Russia cooperation. Significance Beijing and Moscow are compensating for deteriorating ties with Washington by building -- or at least declaring -- close political and economic relations with each other. Chinese exporters of production and consumer goods are replacing Western companies that are curtailing activities due to Western sanctions and Moscow’s countersanctions. However, neither Beijing nor Moscow sees the other as a true substitute for normal relations with Washington. Impacts China and Russia will more actively use the renminbi and ruble as settlement currencies. Russia will preserve its position as China’s key supplier of oil and will significantly expand deliveries of natural gas. Russia will press for closer ties in high-tech industries; China will be wary, fearing this might prompt new US sanctions. The epicentre of Russia’s foreign economic ties will shift further from the EU to China. Greater economic interaction with Russia will help China cement its relations with other former Soviet countries.

Sincere Cooperation and Respect for National Identities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Guastaferro
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

Article 4 of the Treaty on the European Union is a core provision to understand the ‘federal’ nature of the European Union. It is composed of three paragraphs, any of which tries to strike a balance between the constitutive units of the composite legal order, namely the EU, on the one hand, and the Member States, on the other. The first paragraph enshrines the so-called ‘principle of presumed Member States competences’, according to which competences not conferred upon the EU remain to the Member States. The second paragraph requires the EU to respect Member States’ national identities, inherent in their fundamental political and constitutional structures. The third paragraph enshrines the principle of sincere cooperation. In this respect, all the paragraphs express a sort of ‘federal concern’. Article 4(1) TEU is devoted to the vertical division of competences and strengthens the respect of the principle of conferral, Article 4(2) TEU is devoted to the identities of the Member States of the EU thus protecting diversities in the composite legal order, and Article 4(3) TEU is devoted to loyalty, which, like in many federal or compound legal orders, should inform the cooperation among levels of government.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF EIA IN GERMANY: OUR CHILD HAS GROWN UP

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250023 ◽  
Author(s):  
WOLFGANG WENDE ◽  
FRANK SCHOLLES ◽  
JOACHIM HARTLIK
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Area Of Application ◽  
The Eu

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been formally applied in Germany since 1990, and has over time developed a methodological and technical routine in environmental planning practice. It can now be considered an established instrument; nonetheless, substantial challenges to the further development of the EIA, and to even stronger implementation of environmental requirements in planning and decision-making practice in Germany, still exist. This paper reports briefly on the application and the main achievements of the EIA in Germany, and, in the second section, primarily provides a perspective for addressing remaining and new challenges involving this instrument. The paper also includes specific proposals for the further optimization of the EIA at the EU level, as well as for Germany. The current status and future challenges facing the EIA, which are described herein, range from screening and scoping through public participation and monitoring to the area of application.

The geopolitical dimensions of the TurkStream pipeline

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Kinga Smoleń
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Eu

The empirical goal of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the geopolitical dimensions of the TurkStream pipeline, with special consideration given to its determinants as well as a diagnosis of the geopolitical implicationsof its geographical extent. To explore this problem, the following hypotheses are offered. First, the inauguration of the second branch of the TurkStream pipeline in the beginning of 2020 will strengthen the monopolistic positionof Russia as a supplier of natural gas to the countries of the European Union.This will increase the dependency of the EU on Russia and severely hamper itsability to formulate a unified, cohesive energy policy. Second, two factors that underlie the geopolitical importance of the TurkStream pipeline are Turkey’s and Southern Europe’s natural gas needs on the one hand and the political and economic interests of Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine on the other. Third, theTurkStream project should be seen as an instrument that serves to build a tactical partnership between Turkey and Russia – a partnership underpinned by the strategic interests of both countries in the Middle East. Fourth and finally, Russia’s gradual withdrawal from directing its natural gas through Ukraine will generate serious economic problems and potential energy shortages in that country. In the long term, this pressure is geared toward forcing Ukraine to re-evaluate the pro-Western trajectory of its foreign policy.

scholarly journals Has the EU-ETS Financed the Energy Transition of the Italian Power System?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Caporin ◽  
Fulvio Fontini ◽  
Samuele Segato
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Rolling Windows ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This paper focuses on the relationship between the European Union Emission Trading System allowances’ prices and the Italian electricity price, aiming at assessing whether such a mechanism has been a driver for the decarbonization of the power sector. To this aim, we calculate the long-run relationships between energy prices, natural gas prices and allowances’ prices, through a VECM model, distinguishing between peak and off-peak prices. The analysis is carried out for the third phase of the EU-ETS, which started in 2013, and for two-year rolling windows that account for changes over time of the pass-through rates. It is shown that the natural gas price has a high pass-through rate of roughly 70%, which is increasing over time. On the contrary, the pass-through rate of the allowances’ price is as low as 7% for the wholesale electricity price, being slightly more and less for the peak and off-peak prices, respectively. However, this rate has been substantially changing over time, starting from a high level and falling significantly, becoming negative in the recent years. This could signal that the EU-ETS has been increasingly more effective in endogenizing emission costs for power producers, inducing them to reduce their production costs associated with emissions by means of a change in technologies. However, the analysis of the impulse response functions hardly supports this finding, eventually casting doubts on the effectiveness of the EU-ETS in Italy to drive the transition toward a less carbon-intensive power supply.

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