scholarly journals The Blank Slate E-State: Estonian Information Society and the Politics of Novelty in the 1990s

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Aro Velmet
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rhetorical Strategy ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Blank Slate

This article looks at how the discourse of an emerging information society in 1990s Estonia both rejected and depended on expertise from the Soviet Period. It traces the influence 1960s-trained cyberneticians and sociologists had on expanding the concept of an information society in the 1990s, to encompass issues such as regional inequality, national culture, and poverty, instead of focusing solely on hardware purchasing and telecomms liberalization. This process was both enabled and occluded through "rupture-talk,” a rhetorical strategy emphasizing the novelty of digital infrastructure development compared to the Soviet past.  The article argues that a shared belief in the power of information processing for both empowering and containing civil society enabled ideologically divergent actors to work together. The resulting vision diverged from neoliberal visions of information societies in hitherto unacknowledged ways.

scholarly journals Um ministério com cultura: Gilberto Gil e os exercícios de antropologia aplicada

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (57) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Segata ◽  
Adriana Donato
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o Ministério da Cultura na gestão do Ministro Gilberto Gil e o processo de formulação das principais políticas gestadas no período 2003 a 2008. O primeiro tópico apresenta os principais mecanismos da gestão Gilberto Gil: Sistema Nacional de Cultura, reformulação da Lei Rouanet, Programa Cultura Viva – Pontos de Cultura, Plano Nacional de Cultura e Vale-Cultura. O segundo tópico faz uma reflexão sobre a relação da “ampliação do conceito de cultura” em sua dimensão antropológica e simbólica – ideia implementada pelo ministro – para novas diretrizes das políticas culturais gestadas em seu mandato. Por fim, traz uma reflexão sobre a contribuição da abertura não somente conceitual, mas também a abertura do diálogo entre diversos atores da sociedade civil neste processo de construção das novas diretrizes e das novas políticas culturais no Brasil a partir de 2003.Palavras-chave: Gilberto Gil. Cultura. Antropologia. Democratização. Políticas Públicas  A ministry with culture: Gilberto Gil and the exercises in applied anthropologyAbstract: This paper presents a study on the Ministry of Culture in the administration of Minister Gilberto Gil and formulating the central policies implemented from 2003 to 2008. The first topic presents the main mechanisms of the Gilberto Gil administration: the Sistema National Culture System, the reformulation of Lei Rounet, the Program Cultura Viva – Pontos de Cultura, the Plano Nacional de Cultura and the Vale-Cultura. The second topic reflects the relationship between the “expansion of the concept of culture” in its anthropological and symbolic dimension – an idea implemented by the minister – for new guidelines for cultural policies created during his term. Finally, the work reflects on the contribution of conceptual opening and the opening of dialogue between different civil society actors in this process of construction of new guidelines and new cultural policies in Brazil from 2003 onwards. It reflects on how a set of anthropological defenses to traditional, popular and ethnic knowledge, practices, and knowledge converted into an “anthropological concept of culture” guided a vision of democratizing government that is resistant to European models of culture.Keywords: Gilberto Gil; Culture; Anthropology, Democratization; Public Policies

The evolution of policing in post-soviet Russia: Paternalism versus service in police. Officers’ understanding of their role

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Semukhina
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Institutional Identity ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Second Period

This paper examines two interrelated issues: the role of police as an institution of Russian society and their role during the past 25 years. This research is based on a series of indepth interviews conducted by the author in 2014–2016 with former and current police officers in three Russian cities. The paper traces changes in the perceived institutional roles of the Russian police by comparing police officers’ views during three periods: early through mid-1990s, late-1990s through mid-2000s, and mid-2000s through 2010s. The study reports that, during the early period, Russian police were disfranchised from the state and this abandonment was a source of institutional identity crisis for law enforcement officers who remained on the job. This process was coupled with high levels of job dissatisfaction and the overall feeling of “abandonment” of police by the state.At the same time, it was during this post-Soviet period, when ideas of policing as a service to the society were introduced and sometimes entertained among the professional circles of police officers and other government officials. Furthermore, this period was marked by continuous, though often sporadic, institutional reforms and anti-corruption measures.In the second period, the Russian police were slowly engaging back into the state-building process, which caused increased job satisfaction and better retention rates. At the same time, the second period signified a decline of the “police as service” ideology and the comeback of paternalistic views on policing. During this time, the government’s efforts to reform police and anti-corruption measures became systemic and better organized. Also, in the second period, members of the civil society became more active in demanding public accountability and transparency from the Russian police.Finally, the modern period of police development presents a case in which the institutional identity of the Russian police has been clearly connected to the state’s capacity. This process is coupled with increased paternalistic views among police officers and a failure of “police as a service” doctrine. In such an environment, the efforts by a maturing civil society to demand public transparency and accountability of the police are often met with hostility and anger. The paper concludes that further development of the Russian police depends on the role that they will play within the modern Russian state.

scholarly journals POLITICAL NATION: CONTENT AND PERSPECTIVES

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Dmytro Dzvinchuk ◽  
Iryna Ozminska
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
National Culture ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article investigates the concept of “political nation”. The analysis of research studies and the generalization of domestic and foreign experience in the formation of political nation prove the relevance of the issues raised. The study of peculiarities of the political nation formation in the coordinates of the Modernist period enhances the understanding of processes in the socio-humanitarian sphere, makes it possible to outline the ambiguity of interpretations of the conceptual foundations of the political nation, and also helps to develop the effective state policy in this area. It should be noted that there are few studies that systematically analyze the domestic and foreign experience of forming the political nation and they need modernization. It has been determined that the identification of the sense of national identity is the result of the appropriate mental work, and external challenges greatly optimize this process. Different approaches to the content characteristics of the notion “political nation” have been considered and summarized. A number of factors (the need to preserve the integrity of state and its consolidation, the formation of civil society, hybrid aggression, etc.) have been outlined, which stipulate the necessity of developing the adequate policy on dealing with crisis phenomena, existing in the Ukrainian national identity. It has been established that the political nation forms a corresponding type of national culture, which creates a more systematic understanding of the genesis, ritual and strategy of national development.

The Omnipresent Computing Menace to Information Society

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 786-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfons Schuster ◽  
◽  
Daniel Berrar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Genetic Code ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Intelligent Computing ◽  
Carbon Based

Computers have evolved from mere number crunchers to systems demonstrating an astonishing degree of sophistication, decision-making ability, and autonomy. Silicon is no longer the only substrate facilitating information processing. Despite these progresses, machine intelligence is still far from rivaling human intelligence. Nonetheless, we might be all too ready to rely on inferior agents for decision making, to give away sensitive information without fully understanding the consequences involved, or to tinker with genetic code to program carbon-based machines without fully appreciating the risks. This article explores the potentials and risks that information societies may face in the wake of current and emerging intelligent computing paradigms.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES FOR DIGITALIZATION OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES AND SMART SPECIALIZATION OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION REFORM IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-87
Author(s):  
Iryna DULSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Natural Land ◽  
The Status ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
Smart Specialization

The directions, levers of expansion of digitalization of spheres of activity of territorial communities and local self-government bodies in Ukraine, which in the conditions of reforms of decentralization and administrative-territorial system received a considerable volume of powers, considering available technological, institutional, financial preconditions, are investigated. The experience of local self-government bodies in expanding the range of application of digitalization of territorial communities for their smart specialization and finding sources of funding for digital infrastructure development projects is studied. Thus, a significant proportion of them plan to create e-registers of their resources (human (demographic), natural, land, real estate, business, recreational and tourist, etc.) for a number of reasons: i) as a result of administrative reform (consolidation of the district network) there is a need for redistribution between district councils of reorganized districts (490 units before) and consolidated newly created ones (136 units now); ii) decentralization reform continues with the redistribution of powers between local executive bodies and district councils and between them and the united territorial communities in the newly created districts; iii) the process of transformation of project territorial communities (1473 units) into united territorial communities by creating new ones or joining existing united territorial communities is still underway; iv) powers are redistributed between the new bodies of local self-government and territorial subdivisions of the central bodies of executive power within the framework of their transformation into bodies according to the type of prefectures (for control of observance of the legislation). Difficulties of succession of legal entities with the transfer of property, land exist due to the fact that new self-government bodies were created after the local elections of October 25, 2020, and legislation on succession has not been adopted (exists in the status of the draft Law of Ukraine), while changes to the Budget Code of Ukraine with the new administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine and the formation of new subjects of power at the level of united territorial communities have been introduced by law. The digitalization of the territorial communities is also particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic, when sectors that meet the basic needs of modern man are moving online, minimizing the need to leave home to live, do business and be productive.

scholarly journals REVOLUSI MENTAL UNTUK MEMBENTUK BUDAYA HUKUM ANTI KORUPSI

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Arfan Faiz Muhlizi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Culture Transformation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Almost All

<p>Revolusi mental yang ditopang oleh kekuatan civil society adalah bagian dari penguatan budaya hukum ketika memandang hukum sebagai sebuah sistem. Terdapat beberapa fakta yang menunjukkan bahwa korupsi telah sedemikian meluas sehingga hampir semua elemen Negara, baik di eksekutif, legislatif maupun judiciil . Berpijak dari visi revolusi mental ini menarik untuk dibahas lebih jauh mengenai bagaimana pemberantasan korupsi bisa dilakukan dengan paradigma, budaya politik, dan pendekatan nation building baru yang lebih manusiawi, sesuai dengan budaya nusantara, serta bagaimana transformasi budaya nusantara dalam pemberantasan korupsi. Dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Nation Building pemberantasan korupsi berpijak prinsip supremasi hukum, kesetaraan di depan hukum dan penegakan hukum dengan cara-cara yang tidak bertentangan dengan hukum. Di sisi lain, terdapat anggapan bahwa sulitnya pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia adalah akibat pemahaman bahwa korupsi adalah budaya bangsa. Pemahaman ini perlu diluruskan dengan menunjukkan bahwa budaya bangsa Indonesia adalah anti terhadap korupsi dan melakukan transformasi budaya. Transformasi budaya nusantara ke dalam format pembangunan hukum, khususnya pemberantasan korupsi, bersumber dari dua elemen yakni dari nilai-nilai agama dan dari nilai-nilai adat.</p><p>Mental revolution supported by the strength of civil society is part of strengthening the legal culture as identify the law as a system. There are some facts showing how spreadable corruption it is in almost all elements of the nation, in the executive, legislative and judicial body. Based on the vision of mental revolution, it is interesting to discuss furthermore how corruption eradicating can be work with the new paradigms, political culture, and nation-building approach, which are humanly, likewise the national legal culture, and how the national culture-transformation in eradicating corruption. By normative juridical approach can be concluded that the nation building in combating corruption is based on the Supremacy of law principle, equality before the law and law enforcement in association with legal. On the other hand, there is a presumption that contraints of corruption eradicating in Indonesia because corruption has became a part of nation’s culture. This presumption must be clarified that Indonesian genuine culture is anti corruption. National Cultural Transformation, especially in combating corruption, based on 2 (two) elements which are religious values and traditional values.</p>

scholarly journals Developing Society Integrity and Cultural Code by Means of Social and Cultural Activity as Factor of Ensuring National Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
N. S. Bezuglaya
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
National Security ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Linear Interaction ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Patriotism Education ◽  
Corporate Social

Trends of developing relations in today’s society, spread of digital technologies and restrictions in movement during the last year showed a rising diffusion of society, split of opinions and weakening of the cultural code of the Russian population. The article studies sources of these changes and searches for solutions based on means of social and cultural activity. It is well known that cultural code is formed for decades and it is the social and cultural sphere that can concentrate this process and direct it to strengthening of national self-identification, rise in the rate of patriotism, education and wellbeing of the population. The process of shaping the civil society in the post-soviet period is based on pursuing cultural policy financed at the expense of the country budget, in contrast to western countries. This aspect makes us think about the necessity to change means and methods of social and cultural activity with due regard to processes of society digitalization. At the same time cultural policy acts as a significant section of the system of national security, as a way of shaping civil society, keeping cultural values and traditions. The research showed that non-linear interaction of such tensors, as sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, national security, digitalization, technologization of society can seriously affect the processes of diffusion of society integrity, destruction of its cultural code and sovereignty of state as it is. Preserving the cultural code as a foundation of national culture and overcoming problems of society diffusion are possible in case the state participation in reforming approaches to pursuing cultural policy is extended. A separate aspect is developing the HR potential of  cultural institutions of the future oriented to advanced technologies, continuous learning the achievements of psychology as a science, which can create patriotic feelings in society promoting values of cultural inheritance as a foundation of national identification.

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