scholarly journals Social Attitudes towards Homosexuality in Hungary and Romania

Intersections ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Takács ◽  
Ivett Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
European Values ◽  
And Gender

This study examines social attitudes towards homosexuality in two Central-Eastern European neighbouring countries – Romania and Hungary – with many common points, but that do differ in their religious traditions.  Our main research question is whether the main religious denomination can influence social attitudes towards homosexuality, after controlling for all the important individual level variables (gender, age, education, type of settlement, family status, employment background, and attitudes related to family and gender norms). Among the examined variables we especially focus on the religious ones since the dominant denominations are different in these otherwise similar societies. The empirical base of our study comprises two longitudinal databases: the European Social Survey (ESS) and the European Values Study (EVS). We use data from two ESS rounds (of 2006 and 2008) and three EVS rounds (of 1990, 1999 and 2008). Since Romania participated only in the 3rd and the 4th rounds of the ESS (in 2006 and 2008), the Romanian results from 2008 are the most recent ones. We apply descriptive statistics and regression models. Our main conclusion is that belonging to the Orthodox Church had a more negative effect on social attitudes towards homosexuality than belonging to the Catholic Church (as previous studies have also found).

scholarly journals Visual Merchandising Displays Effect On Consumers: A Valuable Asset Or An Unnecessary Burden For Apparel Retailers

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Yolande Hefer ◽  
Michael. C. Cant
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Main Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Visual Merchandising ◽  
Buying Behaviour

Several consumers think they only purchase products when they go shopping, however time and time again they purchase the experience of shopping as well. The experience of shopping is highly influenced by the visual merchandising displays (also known as feature areas where merchandise is presented) used in store. Much has been said about visual merchandising displays and the effect it has on consumer behaviour. The way products are displayed and promoted in apparel retail stores can have a vast impact on consumer responses and how much merchandise the retailer sells. The main research question explored the effect visual merchandising displays have on consumer behaviour. Explorative research was deemed to be the most appropriate for this study and qualitative data was collected. Focus groups were used to collect the first round of data, where after nae sketches were used to support the findings. The focus groups and nae sketches were analysed by means of thematic analysis. The findings indicated that the visual merchandising displays guide consumers in the direction of the products they are seeking and that it also guides their decisions. The participants agreed that their buying behaviour is influenced on a subconscious level, based on the eminence of the visual merchandising displays, as well as their personal preferences and gender.

scholarly journals Létezik olyan, hogy nőies, férfias és semleges emotikon? : 12 emotikon minősíthetőségének vizsgálata egy kérdőíves attitűdvizsgálat alapján

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Dorottya Osváth
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Attitude Survey ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Focal Area ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is related to research on language use on the Internet and gender linguistics. It briefly describes an online questionnaire attitude survey conducted in November 2020. In this questionnaire, it was examined whether women and men communicate differently in the discourse-type called chat, in the opinions of informants who filled in the questionnaire. This main research question was addressed by the overall research in several different ways. One focal area was the use of emoticons. In the study I present the results of one task from the questionnaire that asked informants to classify twelve emoticons as feminine, masculine, or neutral without any context. Therefore, classification had to be performed based on the way the emoticons were represented. The twelve emoticons were shown to the informants in a picture attached to the task. According to the results some tendencies can be identified in the visual appearance of emoticons which can imply feminine, masculine, or neutral qualification even without context. But these are only general statements whose contextual validity is shaped by certain factors. For instance, the nature of the relationship between two communicating parties can affect what emoticons are used, regardless of the gender of the parties.

scholarly journals Generational differences in international research collaboration: A bibliometric study of Norwegian University staff

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260239
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Rørstad ◽  
Dag W. Aksnes ◽  
Fredrik Niclas Piro
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
International Research ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Publication Output ◽  
International Research Collaboration ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Age Cohorts

This paper addresses the relationship between age and international research collaboration. The main research question is: do younger researchers collaborate more internationally than their senior colleagues? A common assumption is that younger generations are generally more internationally oriented than older generations. On the other hand, senior researchers may have larger international networks compared to younger colleagues. The study is based on data for 5,600 Norwegian researchers and their publication output during a three-year period (44,000 publications). Two indicators for international collaboration are used: The share of researchers involved in international collaboration measured by co-authorship and the average proportion of publications with international collaboration per researcher. These indicators reflect two different dimensions of international collaboration. Although the findings are not consistent across age cohorts and indicators of internationalization, the overall trend is that international collaboration tends to decline with increasing age. This holds both at aggregate levels and within groups of academic positions. However, the generational differences are not very large, and other variables such as the field of research explain more of the differences observed at an individual level.

scholarly journals Why vote when you cannot choose? EU intervention and political participation in times of constraint

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-428
Author(s):  
Stuart J Turnbull-Dugarte
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses how economic intervention affects individuals’ political behaviour by assessing the impact of intervention on aggregate and individual turnout. The intervention of the European Union in a selection of member states is viewed as having negative consequences for democratic choice, reducing the ability of voters to select between distinct policy alternatives, resulting in the absence of the primary benefit of voting: choice. It is argued that when voters are faced with electoral choices without the ability to shape policy alternatives, they are less likely to vote. Moreover, the negative effect of intervention is found to be conditioned by both individuals’ level of education and ideological identification. Voters on the centre and the left who feel abandoned by left-leaning parties, who have prioritised being responsible to their European paymasters, are significantly more likely to abstain when exposed to intervention. Empirical support for the argument is found via the analysis of aggregate turnout as well as individual level data from the European Social Survey from across fifteen Western European states.

Moving from Face-to-Face to a Web Panel: Impacts on Measurement Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cernat ◽  
Melanie Revilla
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Measurement Quality ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Measurement Mode ◽  
Alternative Sources

Abstract Time and cost pressures, the availability of alternative sources of data, and societal changes are leading to a move from traditional face-to-face surveys to web or mixed-mode data collection. While we know that there are mode differences between web and face-to-face (presence of an interviewer or not, type of stimuli, etc.), it is not clear to what extent these differences could threaten the comparability of data collected in face-to-face and web surveys. In this article, we investigate the differences in measurement quality between the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 8 and the CROss-National Online Survey (CRONOS) panel. We address three main research questions: (1) Do we observe differences in terms of measurement quality across face-to-face and web for the same people and questions? (2) Can we explain individual-level differences in data quality using respondents’ characteristics? and (3) Does measurement equivalence (metric and scalar) hold across the ESS Round 8 and the CRONOS panel? The results suggest that: (1) in terms of data quality, the measurement mode effect between web and face-to-face as implemented in the ESS (i.e., using show cards) is not very large, (2) none of the variables considered consistently explain individual differences in mode effects, and (3) measurement equivalence often holds for the topics studied.

scholarly journals Deep Leadership Coaching Effectiveness

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-93
Author(s):  
Tommi Kinnunen
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Leadership Coaching ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
Coaching Process ◽  
Work Community ◽  
Coaching Training ◽  
Coaching Effectiveness

Abstract The effectiveness of a coaching process called Deep Lead, deriving from the leadership training of the Finnish Defence Forces, has not been studied efficiently in different civil organisations. This article presents an insight into the effectiveness of this coaching method in two different work communities (PVO-Vesivoima and TAC Finland Inc. Service). The main research question in this article is how to ensure the effectiveness of this particular type of leadership coaching / training. To achieve the best possible results, methodological triangulation was needed in this survey. In this article, two contributing models were introduced (figures 2 and 3) for examining coaching or training effectiveness. By means of these, it can hopefully be examined in the future whether the coaching / training process remains to be a cost, or whether it is an essential investment for the work communities. According to the leadership coaching effectiveness research results of the study at PVO-Vesivoima, such areas as co-operation, interaction and feedback culture were strengthened. As a conclusion, it can be stated that this leadership coaching process works as a practical leadership tool for management in developing the work community both internally and externally. Another example was a work community (TAC Finland Inc Service) that aimed to improve customer satisfaction, evoke know-how, and improve profits by using the deep lead -coaching method. According to the research results, remarkable improvements were accomplished in every field mentioned compared to the time preceding the leadership coaching process or the beginning of the leadership coaching process. In both examples, results were studied using different indicators, different time spans, different methods, and by different reports done by different people. As an outcome of these researches, the leadership coaching process was considered to be effective in PVO-Vesivoima and in TAC, and in the conclusion a practical description of leadership coaching / training or other educational intervention verified on an individual level is introduced.

scholarly journals (De)Constructing the Self and Other in Veer Zaara

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
The Self ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
And Gender

<p class="AbstractText">Films as cultural texts articulate the politics of everyday lives and one of the issues often depicted is on nationalism. The chosen case study for this article is <em>Veer Zaara </em>(2004), a romantic Bollywood movie telling us the story of two lovers from India and Pakistan who have to undergone multiple challenges to be together. The conflicts represent the ongoing and completely unresolved sibling rivalry between the two countries particularly after the partition in 1947. The main research question is how the film depicts the process of self-identification from the Indian characters by looking at the “cultural similarities and differences” compared to the Pakistani character while representing the effort of drawing a boundary between India and Pakistan? Research findings who that there are three dominant representational elements (space, religion and gender) in which the film with its authority select what forms of representation it would present concerning each country. In doing so, the film is making sure that India is identifying itself as a nation which is different from Pakistan or by drawing the boundary of India as the self and Pakistan as the other.</p>

scholarly journals Monetary conflicts within co-residential unions: a comparative perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Anniina Kaittila
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
And Gender

Although various studies indicate that money is a major source of conflict between cohabiting and marital partners, the existing research on what causes conflict within intimate relationships remains insufficient. Using data from the European Social Survey 2004/2005, this article explores the factors that predict monetary conflict between partners across 23 European countries. Previous research concerning financial conflicts has concentrated on individuallevel factors. This study adds a macro-level perspective to the existing body of research by exploring whether the rate of female labor force participation and societal gender equality are associated with the prevalence of conflict. Individual-level factors, such as personal characteristics, household controls, relative resources, and gender equality, explain the frequency of disagreements. At the macro-level, this study shows that relationship dynamics are affected by the institutional characteristics of countries. In particular, in countries where the rate of female labor force participation is high, conflicts over money are more common. However, societal gender equality does not explain the frequency of conflicts.

Social Psychology and its Interface with Psychosocial Counselling

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 20499-20509
Author(s):  
Hector Chiboola ◽  
Choolwe Chiboola ◽  
Patrick L. Mazila ◽  
Violet W. Kunda
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Psychosocial Counselling ◽  
Social Prejudice ◽  
Qualitative Literature

This article was developed based on the qualitative literature research with the intention of exploring the field of social psychology and its interface with psychosocial counselling. Social psychology seeks to understand how each person’s social behaviour is influenced by the culture, situation and environment in which it takes place; whereas psychosocial counselling aims to enhance the client’s psychological and social functioning in the context of his environment and circumstance. Social psychology and psychosocial counselling have both tended to focus more on managing specific human problems and social issues. The long established partnership between these two perspectives has resulted in the development of scientific theory and practical interventions over several decades. This implies that social psychology provides a framework of resources from which psychosocial counselling draws when dealing with the diverse problem situations that affect people in their social lives. The research question was: What elements in social psychology can interface with psychosocial counselling? The focus of the research was on three key elements in social psychology: self-concept, social attitudes and social prejudice. This article illustrates how these elements interface with psychosocial counselling. Therefore, social psychology and psychosocial counselling both have a significant role to play in the wider spectrum of social-welfare and human-relation services offered to needy people at all levels of contact.  

INITIAL STEP OF SPECIALIZED CORPORA BUILDING: CLEANING PROCEDURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Yakubson ◽  
Victor Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Linguistic Annotation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Future Work

This paper deals with the specialized corpora building, specifically academic language corpus in the biotechnology field. Being a part of larger research devoted to creation and usage of specialized parallel corpus, this piece aims to analyze the initial step of corpus building. Our main research question was what procedures we need to implement to the texts before using them to develop the corpus. Analysis of previous research showed the significant quantity of papers devoted to corpora creation, including academic specialized corpora. Different sides of the process were analyzed in these researches, including the types of texts used, the principles of crawling, the recommended length of texts etc. As to the text processing for the needs of corpora creation, only the linguistic annotation issues were examined earlier. At the same time, the preliminary cleaning of texts before their usage in corpora may have significant influence on the corpus quality and its utility for the linguistic research. In this paper, we considered three small corpora derived from the same set of academic texts in the biotechnology field: “raw” corpus without any preliminary cleaning and two corpora with different level of cleaning. Using different Sketch Engine tools, we analyzed these corpora from the position of their future users, predominantly as sources for academic wordlists and specialized multi-word units. The conducted research showed very little difference between two cleaned corpora, meaning that only basic cleaning procedures such as removal of reference lists are can be useful in corpora design. At the same time, we found a significant difference between raw and cleaned corpora and argue that this difference can affect the quality of wordlists and multi-word terms extraction, therefore these cleaning procedures are meaningful. The main limitation of the study is that all texts were taken from the unique source, so the conclusions could be affected by this specific journal’s peculiarities. Therefore, the future work should be the verification of results on different text collections

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